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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Reference
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP-guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Separately for each concentration 0.5, 1.0, 10, 21.5, 46.4 and 100 g test substance were added to 10 L test water. Then, the fish were placed into the test aquaria within 20 minutes.
Test organisms (species):
Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Source: West Aquarium GmbH, Bad Lauterberg, Germany
- Corpulence factor of the test fish batch: 0.94
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 3.6 cm (range 3.0 - 4.1 cm)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.44 g (range 0.29 - 0.66 g)
- Housing and adaption:
Culture conditions: oil-free aerated and charcoal filtered tap water, flow-through system;
Water temperature: 23 - 25 °C
Duration of housing: about 2 months
Mortality during the last 2 weeks of housing: 0 %

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days
- Type and amount of food: Tetra Min standard feed, ad libitum.
- Feeding frequency: 1 day before and during exposure.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Hardness:
about 2.5 mmol/L (about 250 mg/L CaC03)
Test temperature:
22 - 23 °C
pH:
7.0 - 9.6
Dissolved oxygen:
6.6 - 8.7 mg/L
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal test concentrations: 50, 100, 1000, 2150, 4640 and 10000 mg/L (based on the results of a range-finding test). In addition, a control was tested in parallel.
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: All glass aquaria (30 x 22 x 24 cm)
- Fill volume: 10 L
- Aeration: slight
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.44 g fish/L test water

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Municipal water of the city of Frankenthal, not chlorinated and passed through a charcoal filter, aerated.
- Acid capacity : about 5.5 mmol/L,
- Ca content : about 90 mg/L,
- Mg content : about 10 mg/L,
- pH : about 8.0 - 8.6
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and oxygen content after 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 : 8 hours day-night regime

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mortality and symptoms of intoxication after 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
4 640 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
> 4 600 - 10 000 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Mortality:

Concentration

No. of dead fish after x h

[mg/L]

1

4

24

48

72

96

Control

0

0

0

0

0

0

50

0

0

0

0

0

0

100

0

0

0

0

0

0

1000

0

0

0

0

0

0

2150

0

0

0

0

0

0

 4640  0  0  0  0  0  0
 10000  0  0  6  8  10  10

Symptoms:

Concentration

Symptoms after x h

[mg/L]

1

4

24

48

72

96

Control

 

 

 

 

 

 

50

 

 

 

 

 

 

100

 

 

 

1000

 

 

 

 

 

 

2150

 

 

 

 

 

 4640            
10000       A (T)      

A = apathy      T = tumbling


pH:

Concentration [mg/L]

1 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

Control

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.3

50

8.5

8.4

8.2

8.3

8.2

100

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.3

7.0

1000

8.5

8.4

8.2

8.2

9.8

12150

8.6

8.4

8.2

8.2

8.2

 4640  8.6  8.4  8.2  8.2  8.2
 10000  8.6  8.4  8.3  8.2  

 

Oxygen (mg/L):

Concentration [mg/L]

1 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

Control

8.0

8.4

7.9

7.3

7.4

50

7.6

8.4

7.3

7.6

7.1

100

8.2

8.1

8.1

7.8

7.4

1000

8.4

8.4

 6.7

 6.6

 6.7

2150

8.1

8.7

 7.3

 7.0

 7.5

 4640  8.4  8.6  7.3  6.8  7.2
 10000  8.4  8.7  8.2  7.2  


temperature (°C):

Concentration [mg/L]

1 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

Control

22

22

22

22

22

50

22

22

22

22

22

100

22

22

22

22

22

1000

22

22

22

22

22

2150

22

22

22

22

22

 4640  22  22  22  22  22
 10000  22  22  22  22  22

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
A NOEC of 4640 mg/L and a LC50 greater than 4600 to 10000 mg/L was determined.
Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of the test substance 2 -pyrrolidone towards Danio rerio was investigated according to OECD Guideline 203 (BASF AG, 1995). The following nominal test concentrations were investigated: 50, 100, 1000, 2150, 4640 and 10000 mg/L (based on the results of a range-finding test). In addition, a control was tested in parallel. The basis for effects was mortality. A NOEC of 4640 mg/L and a LC50 greater than 4600 to 10000 mg/L were the results of this short-term toxicity study within a time period of 96 hours.

Description of key information

The key value for chemical safety assessment is taken from the experimental result by BASF AG (1995):

Brachidanio rerio (Zebra fish):

96h LC50: >4600-10000 mg/L
NOEC = 4640 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Effect concentration:
4 600 mg/L

Additional information

Two experimental studies are available which investigate the acute toxicity of 2 -pyrrolidone towards fish.

The key study was performed in 1995 by BASF with Brachydanio rerio (Zebra fish) and revealed an LC50 in the range of >4600 -10000 mg/L. Test was performed in accordance with OECD guideline 203, exposure time was 96h.

An additional acute toxicity supporting study is available for Golden orfe (LC50 (48h) >1600 mg/L). However, the test design shows several deficiencies compared to relevant guidelines.