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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
27 Sep 2016 to 14 Oct 2016
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2016
Report date:
2016

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Version / remarks:
21 Jul 1997
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
Version / remarks:
30 May 2008
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
Version / remarks:
Aug 1998
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
EC Number:
212-454-9
EC Name:
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
Cas Number:
818-61-1
Molecular formula:
C5H8O3
IUPAC Name:
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
Test material form:
not specified
Details on test material:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test substance: Hydroethylacrylate
- Test substance No.: 16/0173-1
- Analytical purity: 99.6 g/100g
- Physical state, appearance: liquid, colorless, clear

Method

Target gene:
- S. typhimurium: his-locus
- E. coli: trp-locus
Species / strainopen allclose all
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
Species / strain / cell type:
E. coli WP2 uvr A
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
phenobarbital and ß-napthoflavone induced male rat liver S9 mix
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
1st Experiment: 0; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 μg/plate (with and without S9 mix) Standard plate test

2nd Experiment: 0; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000 and 2500 μg/plate (TA strains); 0; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 μg/Plate (E.coli) (with and without S9 mix) Preincubation test; No mutagenicity was observed in the standard plate test. Due to toxicity, the doses was adjusted in the preincubaton test.

3rd Experiment: 0; 1000; 2000; 2500; 3000; 4000 and 5000 μg/plate (E.coli) (with S9 mix) Preincubation test; Increased number of rebertants was observed in the preincubation test.
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: good solubility of the test substance in water
Controls
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Remarks:
sterility control
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
9-aminoacridine
other: 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA); N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG); 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD)
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
STANDARD PLATE TEST
The experimental procedure of the standard plate test (plate incorporation method) was based on the method of Ames et al. (1, 2).
Salmonella typhimurium:
Test tubes containing 2-mL portions of soft agar (overlay agar), which consists of 100 mL agar (0.8% [w/v] agar + 0.6% [w/v] NaCl) and 10 mL amino acid solution (minimal amino acid solution for the determination of mutants: 0.5 mM histidine + 0.5 mM biotin) were kept in a water bath at about 42 - 45°C, and the remaining components were added in the following order:
0.1 mL test solution or vehicle (negative control)
0.1 mL fresh bacterial culture
0.5 mL S9 mix (with metabolic activation)
or
0.5 mL phosphate buffer (without metabolic activation)
After mixing, the samples were poured onto Minimal glucose agar plates (Moltox Molecular Toxicology, Inc.; Boone, NC 28607; USA) within approx. 30 seconds. After incubation at 37°C for 48 – 72 hours in the dark, the bacterial colonies (his+ revertants) were counted. The colonies were counted using the Sorcerer Image Analysis System with the software program Ames Study Manager (Perceptive Instruments Ltd., Haverhill, UK). Colonies were counted manually, if precipitation of the test substance hinders the counting using the Image Analysis System.
Escherichia coli:
Test tubes containing 2-mL portions of soft agar (overlay agar), which consists of 100 mL agar (0.8% [w/v] agar + 0.6% [w/v] NaCl) and 10 mL amino acid solution (minimal amino acid solution for the determination of mutants: 0.5 mM tryptophan) were kept in a water bath at about 42 - 45°C, and the remaining components were added in the following order:
0.1 mL test solution or vehicle (negative control)
0.1 mL fresh bacterial culture
0.5 mL S9 mix (with metabolic activation)
or
0.5 mL phosphate buffer (without metabolic activation)
After mixing, the samples were poured onto Minimal glucose agar plates (Moltox Molecular Toxicology, Inc.; Boone, NC 28607; USA) within approx. 30 seconds. After incubation at 37°C for 48 – 72 hours in the dark, the bacterial colonies (trp+ revertants) were counted. The colonies were counted using the Sorcerer Image Analysis System with the software program Ames Study Manager (Perceptive Instruments Ltd., Haverhill, UK). Colonies were counted manually, if precipitation of the test substance hinders the counting using the Image Analysis System.

PREINCUBATION TEST
The experimental procedure was based on the method described by Yahagi et al. (7) and Matsushima et al. (8). 0.1 mL test solution or vehicle, 0.1 mL bacterial suspension and 0.5 mL S9 mix (with metabolic activation) or phosphate buffer (without metabolic activation) were incubated at 37°C for the duration of about 20 minutes using a shaker. Subsequently, 2 mL of soft agar was added and, after mixing, the samples were poured onto the agar plates within approx. 30 seconds. After incubation at 37°C for 48 – 72 hours in the dark, the bacterial colonies were counted. The colonies were counted using the Sorcerer Image Analysis System with the software program Ames Study Manager (Perceptive Instruments Ltd., Haverhill, UK). Colonies were counted manually, if precipitation of the test substance hindered the counting using the Image Analysis System.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
Toxicity detected by a:
- decrease in the number of revertants (factor ≤ 0.6)
- clearing or diminution of the background lawn (= reduced his- or trp- background growth)
was recorded for all test groups both with and without S9 mix in all experiments and indicated in the tables. Single values with a factor ≤ 0.6 were not detected as toxicity in low dose groups.
Evaluation criteria:
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Generally, the experiment was considered valid if the following criteria were met:
- The number of revertant colonies in the negative controls was within the range of the historical negative control data for each tester strain
- The sterility controls revealed no indication of bacterial contamination
- The positive control substances both with and without S9 mix induced a distinct increase in the number of revertant colonies within the range of the historical positive control data or above
- Fresh bacterial culture containing approximately 10^9 cells per mL were used.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
The test substance was considered positive in this assay if the following criteria were met:
- A dose-related and reproducible increase in the number of revertant colonies, i.e. at least doubling (bacteria strains with high spontaneous mutation rate, like TA 98, TA 100 and E.coli WP2 uvrA) or tripling (bacteria strains with low spontaneous mutation rate, like TA 1535 and TA 1537) of the spontaneous mutation rate in at least one tester strain either without S9 mix or after adding a metabolizing system.

A test substance was generally considered non-mutagenic in this test if:
- The number of revertants for all tester strains were within the range of the historical negative control data under all experimental conditions in at least two experiments carried out independently of each other.

Results and discussion

Test resultsopen allclose all
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium, other: TA1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Remarks:
A bacteriotoxic effect was observed depending on the strain and the conditions from about 100 µg/plate onward.
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
E. coli WP2 uvr A
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Remarks:
A bacteriotoxic effect was observed depending on the strain and the conditions from about 100 µg/plate onward.
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
SOLUBILITY: No precipitation of the test substance was found with and without S9 mix.
TOXICITY: A bacteriotoxic effect was observed depending on the strain and test conditions from about 100 μg/plate.
MUTAGENICITY: A relevant increase in the number of his+ or trp+ revertants (factor ≥ 2: TA 100, TA 98 and E.coli WP2 uvrA or factor ≥ 3: TA 1535 and TA 1537) was not observed in the standard plate test or in the preincubation test without S9 mix or after the addition of a metabolizing system. However, using the tester strain E.coli WP2 uvrA with S9 mix in the preincubation test a single increase in the numbers of trp+ revertants was observed at a concentration of 2500 μg/plate (factor 2.8). In a repeat experiment (called 3rd Experiment) this finding was not reproduced and therefore these findings have to be regarded as biological irrelevant.

Any other information on results incl. tables

result tables see attachment

Applicant's summary and conclusion