Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 212-454-9 | CAS number: 818-61-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
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- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate is corrosive to skin and eyes. 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate may be irritating to the respiratory tract.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Before OECD Guideline 404 was established in 1982, skin irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test). White Vienna rabbits were used. 2 animals were treated for 1, 5, 15 minutes, and 20 hours using occlusive conditions. An application site of 2.5 x 2.5 cm was covered with the liquid test substance on a patch. After the application time of 1, 5, and 15 minutes, respectively, the skin was first washed with undiluted Lutrol 9, then with an aqueous Lutrol solution (50 %). After the application time of 20 hrs, the test site was not washed after exposure.
The animals were observed for 8 days and skin reactions were recorded on working days. The report describes findings after 24 hours and at the end of the observation period. Thus, for final evaluation, the findings after 48 and 72 hours from the raw data were taken into account. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: no data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): approx. 10 % free acrylic acid - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2.65 and 2.5 kg
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
no data - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: undiluted, no amount specified - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1 min, 5 min, 15 min, 20 hrs
- Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 2 animals
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 x 2.5 cm
- Type of wrap if used: patch, no further data
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: yes (exposure 1, 5, 15 min) first with undiluted Lutrol 9, then with an aqueous Lutrol solution (50 %); no (exposure 20 hrs)
- Time after start of exposure: 1, 5, and 15 min, respectively
SCORING SYSTEM:
The original BASF grading was converted into the numerical grading according to the OECD Draize system. - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 15 min exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 15 min exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- other: 15 min exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.7
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- other: 15 min exposure
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1B (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Six rabbits were treated with 0.5 mL of the undiluted material or a 10 % aqueous solution on cotton pads on skin areas of the back. The test substance was removed 24 h after the initiation of the exposure and washed with water. Skin reactions were observed 1 h (24 h reading) and 48 h (72 h reading) post-exposure. The scoring was according Draize scoring system.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: shaved, abraded and intact
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.25 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back, to areas of abraded an non-abraded shaved skin
- Type of wrap if used: occlusive dressing
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes, with water
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hr
Readings were performed 1 h (24 h reading) and 48 h (72 h reading) later.
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system - Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 8
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 72 hrs
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate produced necrosis, subcutaneous hemorrhage and pitting edema over a wide area of skin. Total scores for erythema were 96 and for edema 96. Mean irritation index (erythema and edema) was 8.0.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: highly irritating based on primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations (1982).
- Guideline:
- other: Patch test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Patch test
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- (Study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations)
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Concentration : Undiluted or 10%
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 15 minutes, 1 hour or 4 hours for undiluted test material and 15 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours 15 min or 6 hours 15 min for 10% solution in water.
- Observation period:
- No data
- Number of animals:
- No data
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- undiluted
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- undiluted
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- The undiluted liquid caused slight hyperemia and moderate edema when in contact with the skin of rabbit for 15- 60 minutes, moderate hyperemia extensive swelling (edema) and slight burn upon contact for 4 hours.
10% aqueous solution caused no irritation when in contact with the skin of rabbit for 15 minutes, slight hyperemia was observed in 1 hour contact. 3 hours 15 minutes contact results in slight to moderate hyperemia and slight swelling. 6 hours 15 minutes contact of a 10% aqueous solution with a skin of a rabbit produced moderate hyperemia, edema and slight burn. Skin healed with slight scab and exfoliation. - Interpretation of results:
- other: considered highly irritating under the test conditions
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Skin Irritation - Patch Test:
Two New Zealand albino rabbits were treated with 0.5 mL of the undiluted material or a 10 % aqueous solution on cotton pads on four skin areas of the back. Skin reactions were observed for various exposure periods up till 6 hours as well as 24 hrs and 9 days post-exposure. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- other: undiluted or 10 % aqueous solution
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 mL
- Concentration: 10 % aqueous solution or undiluted
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 15 min, 1 hr, 4 hrs, 6 hrs (undiluted);
15 min, 1 hr, 3 hrs, 6 hrs (10 % aqueous solution) - Observation period:
- 9 days
- Number of animals:
- 2
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Interpretation of results:
- other: considered highly irritating under the tested conditions
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- In the study report, test parameters didn’t totally comply with the specific testing guideline, but were sufficient to accept data and study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations (1982).
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test substance was applied in 0.01 mL amounts to the clipped intact skin of 5 rabbit bellies either undiluted or in progressive dilutions of 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 % in solvent. Ten grades were recognised based on the appearance of moderate or marked capillary injection, erythema, edema, necrosis within 24 hr. No injury from undiluted = grade 1.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- (Study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Analytical purity: no data
- Additional: liquid and inhibited with 50 ppm hydroquinone - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Fasting period before study: non-fasted
- Diet (ad libitum): Rockland diet
- Water: ad libitum - Type of coverage:
- open
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- other: undiluted or acetone
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.01 mL
- Concentration: 10 % in acetone
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hr
- Observation period:
- 14 days
- Number of animals:
- 5 animals/dose
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 6
- Max. score:
- 10
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- The undiluted material caused marked necrosis in one animal, moderate edema in 3 others and moderate erythema in a fifth. A 10 % solution in acetone produced moderate to marked capillary injection in 5 other animals. Grade 6/10.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
Referenceopen allclose all
Mean erythema score after 24, 48 and 72 h:
Exposure time |
Concentration [%] |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
mean |
||||
|
|
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
1 min |
100 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
5 min |
100 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
15 min |
100 |
2+ |
2+ |
2+ |
2+ |
2+ |
2+ |
2 |
2 |
20 h |
100 |
* |
* |
* |
** |
* |
*** |
n.a. |
n.a. |
+ necrotic, anemic
*blue-red soft necrosis, extending beyond the area of application
** soft grey necrosis, anemic, extending beyond the area of application
*** centre: soft anemic necrosis, surrounding area: parchment-like to leathery necrosis
n.a.: not assessable
Mean edema score after 24, 48 and 72 h:
Exposure time |
Concentration [%] |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
mean |
||||
|
|
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
1 min |
100 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 min |
100 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
15 min |
100 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.7 |
20 h |
100 |
* |
* |
* |
** |
* |
*** |
n.a. |
n.a. |
*blue-red soft necrosis, extending beyond the area of application
** soft grey necrosis, anemic, extending beyond the area of application
*** centre: soft anemic necrosis, surrounding area: parchment-like to leathery necrosis
n.a.: not assessable
Findings at test termination:
Exposure time |
Concentration [%] |
Skin findings |
|
|
|
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
1 min |
100 |
no findings |
no findings |
5 min |
100 |
desquamation, necrosis |
desquamation |
15 min |
100 |
desquamation |
desquamation, necrosis |
20 h |
100 |
hard relocatable necrosis (full-thickness necrosis) |
leathery red-brown necrosis, extending beyond area of application (full-thickness necrosis) |
The authors assessed the test material as being severly irritating.
The undiluted material is moderately to severely irritating to the skin. Short contacts of a few minutes would likely result in no injury but prolonged contacts for an hour or more would be expected to produce skin redness, considerable swelling and probably a burn. The material is rapidly absorbed through intact skin. Short contact with relatively small amounts of material might be absorbed and produce systemic injury or even death.
Conc. |
Exposure duration |
Response |
||||||||
|
|
Immediately |
24 hrs |
9 days |
||||||
|
|
erythema |
edema |
additional |
erythema |
edema |
additional |
erythema |
edema |
additional |
100 % |
15 min |
slight |
none |
none |
slight |
moderate |
none |
none |
none |
none |
100 % |
1 hr |
slight |
none |
none |
slight |
moderate |
none |
none |
none |
none |
100 % |
4 hrs |
slight |
slight |
eschar |
moderate |
severe |
slight necrosis |
slight |
none |
none |
100 % |
6 hrs |
moderate |
severe |
eschar |
moderate |
severe |
moderate necrosis |
none |
none |
scab |
10 % |
15 min |
none |
none |
none |
none |
none |
none |
none |
none |
none |
10 % |
1 hr |
slight |
none |
none |
slight |
none |
none |
none |
none |
none |
10 % |
3 hrs |
slight |
slight |
eschar |
slight |
slight |
none |
slight |
none |
none |
10 % |
6 hrs |
slight |
moderate |
slight necrosis |
slight |
slight |
slight necrosis |
slight |
slight |
slight scab |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BASF test: Before OECD Guideline 405 was established, eye irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test). White Vienna rabbits were used. Usually, 50 uL of the test substance was applied to the conjunctival sac of one eye of 2 animals. The saline-treated adjacent eye served as control. The animals were observed several times on the day of treatment and up to 4 days afterwards. Findings were recorded on working days. The eyes were not washed out after 24 hours as specified in OECD Guideline 405. The report usually describes findings after 1 and 24 hours and at the end of the observation period. Thus, for final evaluation, the findings after 48 and 72 hours from the raw data were taken into account (if available).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: no data
- Impurities: approx. 10 % free acrylic acid - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMAL
- Body weight at study initiation: 3.11 kg (mean of 2 rabbits)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
no details given - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The adjacent, saline treated eye of same animals served as control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 50 µL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- once
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2 animals
- Details on study design:
- Eye irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test). White Vienna rabbits were used. The saline-treated adjacent eye served as control. The animals were observed several times on the day of treatment and up to 4 days afterwards. Findings were recorded on working days. The eyes were not washed out after 24 hours. The report usually describes findings after 1 and 24 hours and at the end of the observation period. Thus, for final evaluation, the findings after 48 and 72 hours from the raw data were taken into account.
SCORING SYSTEM: The original BASF grading was converted into the numerical grading according to the OECD Draize system. - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 2.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- other: no findings during the first 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- other: iritis on day 5 until study termination (score 1)
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- no findings during the first 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- other: iritis (score 1) on day 5
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 1.5
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 1.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 5 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 1.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 5 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations (1982).
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- (Study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Analytical purity: no data - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Age and body weight : No data
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Additional information about test conditions : Washed and unwashed treatments of, undiluted test substance or its 10 % aqueous solution given to the rabbits
Post dose observation period : No data - Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- undiluted
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- undiluted
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- The undiluted test substance caused extensive injury to the eye and its 10 % aqueous solution was slightly irritating to the eye.
- Other effects:
- Extensive conjunctivitis with moderate corneal injury and severe iritis observed in undiluted HEA dose group; not subsided in 1 week.
Moderate pain and slight conjunctivitis observed in 10 % animal dose group; subsided in 1 week. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Approx. 0.1 mL of the test substance, undiluted or as a 10 % aqueous solution, were instilled into the conjunctival sac of both eyes of two rabbits. Within 30 sec following instillation, one eye of each rabbit was washed for 2 min with rapid flowing tap water. The other eye was left unwashed. The eyes were immediately examined for signs of conjunctival irritation, corneal injury or internal effects. All eyes were again examined at 1 hr, 24 hrs, and one week after instillation.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Vehicle:
- other: undiluted or water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.1 mL
- Concentration: undiluted or 10 % aqueous solution
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- once
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: one eye of each animal was washed within 30 sec after instillation for 2 min
- Time after start of exposure: 30 sec
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- One hour after instillation of the undiluted material, the unwashed and the washed eye displayed inflammed conjunctival membranes, corneal opacityover 50 % of the eye, and on staining with fluorescein dye shallow lesions over 50 % of the eye. At the 24 hr reading the conjunctival membranes of both eyes appeared more inflammed, the cornea unchanged, and the iris was inflammed. These responses were essentially unchanged at the 48-hr and 7-day readings.
Instillation of the 10 % aqueous solution of HEA caused slight conjunctival membrane irritation which persisted in the unwashed eye through the 48 hr reading. The washed eye was without signs of irritation one hour post-instillation. - Other effects:
- Instillation of 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate, undiluted and as a 10 % aqueous solution, caused slight and moderate degree of pain, respectively.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations (1982).
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Single instillations of 0.005, 0.02, 0.10 or 0.5 mL undiluted or of 0.5 mL of 5, and 1 % dilutions were made into the conjunctival sac of 5 rabbits. Reactions were read within one hour unstained and after fluorescein at 24 hr, with ten grades recognised.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- (Study was conducted prior to the advent of GLP regulations)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Analytical purity: no data
- Additional: liquid and inhibited with 50 ppm hydroquinone - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Fasting period before study: non-fasted
- Diet (ad libitum): Rockland diet
- Water: ad libitum - Vehicle:
- other: undiluted or propylene glycol
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Undiluted, 5 % or 1 % dilutions
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hr
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 24 hr
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 5
- Details on study design:
- Eyes not staining with 5% fluoroscein in 20 seconds contact are accepted. Single instillations of 0.005 mL undiluted or of 0.5 mL of 5%or 1% dilutions are made into conjuntival sacs of 5 rabbits. Read with in 1 hour unstained and after fluorescein, at 24 hours with 10 grades recognized. Trace or no injury from 0.5 mL undiluted, Grade 1.
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 9
- Max. score:
- 10
- Remarks on result:
- other: Internal grading system by Union Carbide Corp.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Severe corneal necrosis and eyelid irritation resulted from instillation of 0.005 mL amounts of undiluted test substance, and from an excess (0.5 mL) of a 5 % solution in propylene glycol. An excess of a 1 % solution caused minor corneal injury. Grade 9/10.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
Referenceopen allclose all
Mean scores after 24, and 48 h*:
Scores |
24 h |
48 h |
mean |
|||
|
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Conjunctivae |
1 |
1** |
2 |
3** |
1.5 |
2 |
Cornea |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2.5 |
2 |
Chemosis |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
Iritis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Discharge |
smeary overlay |
0 |
smeary overlay |
smeary overlay |
- |
- |
*72 hrs-scores were missing in the raw data.
** Nictitating membrane white
Findings at test termination:
Scores |
8 d |
Additional Findings |
||
|
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Animal 1 |
Animal 2 |
Conjunctivae |
1 |
2 |
- |
Nictitating membrane white |
Cornea |
2 |
3 |
- |
staphyloma |
Chemosis |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
Iritis |
1 |
0 |
- |
- |
Discharge |
0 |
smeary overlay |
- |
- |
HEA reacts very rapidly with eye tissue. The undiluted material caused extensive injury to the eye. 10 % aqueous solution is only slightly irritating to the eye.
Under the conditions of the study, 2 -hydroxyethyl acyrlate was a severe eye irritant causing serious eye damage.
Under the conditions of the study, the test compound caused severe eye irritation, Grade 9.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation:
Several studies demonstrated that undiluted 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is severely irritating and potentially corrosive to skin. The two most reliable studies are summarized below.
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate was applied to the skin of rabbits with an occlusive covering for one minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 hours. After 24 hours, slight to moderate erythema and edema were observed in nearly all exposure groups except the one-minute exposure group. Mean erythema scores (24-48-72 hours) for the 15-min exposure were 2.0 and 2.0, respectively. Mean edema scores (24-48-72 hours) for the 15-min exposure were 0 and 0.7, respectively. Edema was not fully reversible within 8 day. At test termination eight days after the applications, desquamation and necrosis were observed for the 5- and 15 -minute applications. The 20-hour application caused full-thickness necrosis in both rabbits, in one animal extending beyond the area of application (BASF, 1974).
In another study (Dow Chem. Co., 1980), the abdominal skin of two New Zealand White rabbits was shaved and 0.5 ml of the substance undiluted or as a 10% solution was placed under a cotton pad on four skin areas. The undiluted HEA produced slight erythema and moderate edema after 15 minutes and 1 hour exposure. After 4 and 6 hours of exposure moderate erythema, severe edema and slight (4 h) and moderate (6 h) necrosis were observed, respectively. Treatment with the 10 % solution for 15 minutes did not produce skin irritation. Treatment with the 10 % solution for 1 or 3 hours produced slight erythema, and /or edema. The 6-hour treatment with a 10% solution produced moderate redness, swelling and slight necrosis which healed with a scab after 9 days.
Conclusion:
Undiluted HEA was a severe irritant to rabbit skin and direct contact for 20 hours was corrosive to the skin. Dermal contact with undiluted HEA for times up to and including 4 hours produced severe, but reversible irritation with no corrosive effect in rabbits. Direct contact with undiluted HEA for 6 hours produced irritation and tissue damage with evidence for recovery. Thus, HEA was assessed to be severely irritating to the skin (OECD SIDS, 2006). However, according to current EU regulations 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is labelled with R34, corrosive (Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC) and classified in Skin Corrosion Category 1B (Table 3.1 of the REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008), respectively.
Eye irritation:
Several studies have shown that undiluted 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is severely irritating and can cause serious damage to the eye.
Undiluted 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (0.05 mL) was instilled into one eye of two rabbits. The adjacent eyes were treated with saline and served as control. The eyes were not washed out after 24 hours as specified in OECD Guideline 405. Mean scores for cornea, iris, conjunctivae and chemosis (24-48 hours) were 2.25, 0, 1.75, and 1.5, respectively. After 8 days the cornea showed moderate to severe opacity (mean score 2.5). In addition, slight iritis (score 1 in one animal) and slight to moderate lesions of the conjunctivae were noticeable (mean score 1.5). At test termination, staphyloma and white discolouration of the nictitating membrane were present in one rabbit (BASF, 1974).
In another study HEA was instilled in undiluted form and as a 10 % aqueous solution directly into the conjunctival sacs of New Zealand Albino rabbits. Within about 30 seconds of treatment one eye of each animal was washed with flowing water, while the other treated eye was left unwashed (Dow Chem. Co., 1980). One hour after instillation of the undiluted material, the unwashed and the washed eye displayed inflammed conjunctival membranes, corneal opacity over 50 % of the eye, and on staining with fluorescein dye shallow lesions over 50 % of the eye. At the 24 hrs reading the conjunctivitis was more severe, the cornea unchanged, and iritis was observed. These responses were essentially unchanged at the 48-hrs and 7-day readings. Instillation of the 10 % aqueous solution of HEA caused slight conjunctival membrane irritation which persisted in the unwashed eye through the 48 hrs reading. The washed eye was without signs of irritation one hour post-instillation.
Union Carbide Corporation (1966) also reported that a single instillation of 0.005 mL of undiluted HEA into the conjunctival sac of rabbits produced corneal necrosis and eye irritation.
The Dow Chemical Company (1962) reported that HEA reacted very rapidly with eye tissue and the undiluted material caused extensive injury to the eye.
Conclusion:
Undiluted 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate caused severe irritation with corneal injury when instilled directly into the eyes of laboratory rabbits. Treatment with the 10 % aqueous solution of HEA without immediate washing caused slight eye irritation which persisted for 2 days. Thus, based on the presented experimental evidence, HEA was assessed to have the potential to cause serious eye damage.
Respiratory irritation:
There exists no standard test method for the assessment of respiratory irritation. There is some evidence from several inhalation hazard tests that 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate vapours may be irritating to the nose and respiratory tract of rats (Union Carbide Corporation 1966, BASF AG 1974). This assessment is confirmed by human data (Dow Chemical Co., 1967, 1980) and data on the structural analogue 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate. Since the substance is classified as corrosive, the potential to cause respiratory tract irritation is implicitly covered.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data, the substance has to be classified as Skin Corr. 1B: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage in accordance with EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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