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EC number: 231-210-2 | CAS number: 7447-39-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable study report which meets basic scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
- Report date:
- 1978
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BASF Test
Before OECD Guideline 404 was established in 1982, skin irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test). White Vienna rabbits were used. 2 animals were treated for 1, 5, 15 minutes and 2 other animals for 20 hours with 80% aqueous copper chloride using occlusive conditions. An application site of 2.5 x 2.5 cm was covered with test substance on a patch. After the application time of 1, 5 and 15 minutes, the skin was washed with an aqueous Lutrol solution (50%). - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-842-9
- EC Name:
- Copper chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7758-89-6
- Molecular formula:
- ClCu
- IUPAC Name:
- copper (I) chloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Kupfer-I-Chlorid
- Molecular formula: CuCl
- Molecular weight: 98.999
- Smiles notation: [Cu]Cl
- InChl: 1S/ClH.Cu/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
- Analytical purity: 98 - 99%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2.54 - 3.25 kg
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Concentration: 80%
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1, 5, 15 minutes and 20 hours
- Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 2 per treatment
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE: back
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- 15 min exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- other: 24/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: no effects
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- 15 min exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- other: 24/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: no effects
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- 20 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- other: 24/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 d
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- 20 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- other: 24/72 h
- Score:
- 2.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 d
Any other information on results incl. tables
The test substance led to severe skin irritation in both animals when treated for 20 hours. To evaluate the skin irritation potential of the test substance, the scores of the 20 hour incubation have been used, but the scores for the 15 min incubation have been also taken into account. Based on the mean values calculated for the 20 -hour exposure, the substance has to be judged as highly irritant to skin.
Animal |
Exposure period: 15 minutes |
|||
Erythema |
Edema |
Additional findings |
||
01 |
24 h |
0 |
0 |
|
72 h |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Mean score |
0 |
0 |
|
|
02 |
24 h |
0 |
0 |
|
72 h |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Mean score |
0 |
0 |
|
Animal |
Exposure period: 20 hours |
|||
Erythema |
Edema |
Additional findings |
||
01 |
24 h |
2 |
3 |
Parchment-like necrosis |
72 h |
2 |
3 |
hard, relocatable necrosis |
|
8 d |
- |
- |
hard, relocatable necrosis |
|
Mean score |
2 |
3 |
|
|
02 |
24 h |
2 |
2 |
Parchment-like necrosis |
72 h |
2 |
2 |
Leather-like necrosis |
|
8 d |
- |
- |
Leather-like necrosis |
|
Mean score |
2 |
2 |
|
Justification for read-across from copper chloride to copper dichloride:
Acute toxicity, irritation and sensitisation data for copper dichloride have been read across from the closely analogous substance copper chloride. These substances are chemically similar; copper dichloride contains only cupric copper and ionic chlorine, whereas copper chloride contains cuprous copper and ionic chlorine. Available data on (cuprous) dicopper oxide and (cupric) copper oxide show that cuprous copper is inherently more acutely toxic and irritant than the cupric form (neither compound is a skin sensitiser). The results of an acute oral toxicity test available in the public literature (Singh and Junnarkar, 1991) confirm that this principle can also be applied to the cuprous and cupric chlorides. On this basis, and in order to minimise animal testing, a worst-case approach has been adopted in which data generated using copper choride has been directly read across to copper dichloride.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant)
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The test item is considered to be a skin irritant.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC: Irritant (Xi). R38, Irritating to skin.
Classification according to CLP/GHS: H315 “Causes Skin Irritation” Category 2. - Executive summary:
The test item is considered to be a skin irritant. Based on the results of this study, the test item could be deemed corrosive to the skin. However, the exposure period used (20 h) was excessive when compared to modern guidelines. In reviewing the recent skin sensitisation study, although irritation was observed in the guinea pig, corrosivity was not observed at any time in the study. Taken together, it is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to classify the test item as corrosive.
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