2-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]benzoic acid

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 8 SEP 2004 to 27 SEP 2004

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study (OECD TG 471)

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2004

Report date:

2004

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]benzoic acid

EC Number:

250-830-4

EC Name:

2-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]benzoic acid

Cas Number:

31837-42-0

Molecular formula:

C18H15N5O5

IUPAC Name:

2-({2-oxo-1-[(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)carbamoyl]propyl}diazenyl)benzoic acid

Test material form:

solid: nanoform

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

rat liver S9 (induced with phenobarbital/beta-naphtoflavone; experiment I); hamster liver S9 (non-induced; experiment II)

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment I: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II: 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: solubility properties of the solvent and its relative non-toxicity to the bacteria

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: sodium azide (TA 1535 and TA 100), 4-Nitro-o-phenylene-diamine (TA 1537 and TA 98), methyl methane sulfonate (WP2 uvrA)

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene (for all strains)

Remarks:

with metabolic activation (rat liver S9)

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene (TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, WP2 uvrA), congo red (TA 98)

Remarks:

with metabolic activation (hamster liver S9)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Experiment I: plate incorporation assay without and with induced rat liver S9 mix (induction with phenobarbital/beta-naphthoflavone)
Experiment II: preincubation assay without and with non-induced hamster liver S9 mix

DURATION
- Preincubation period: Experiment II: 30° C for 30 minutes
- Exposure duration: at least 48 hours at 37° C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 plates per strain and dose level, including the control

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535, TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent colony is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment. A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the thresshold is regarded as an indication of mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative annd solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.

Statistics:

Arithmetic means and standard deviation of the counted colonies were calculated.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

In experiment II, slight toxic effects were observed in strain TA 1535 (2500 µg/plate), TA 1537 (1000, 2500 µg/plate), and TA 98 (2500 µg/plate) in the absence of metabolic activation.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The number of colonies were slightly above the historical control range in strains TA 1535 (solvent control experiment I), TA 1537 (negative control exp. I and II, solvent control exp. II), TA 98 (negative and solvent control exp. II) with metabolic activation, and WP2 uvrA (negative control experiment I) without metabolic activation. These deviations are considered to be based upon biologically irrelevant fluctuations in the number of colonies and have no detrimental impact on the outcome of the study.
The historical range of positive controls was exceeded in strain TA 1535 (Exp. II) with metabolic activation. This effect indicates the sensitivity of the strain rather than compromising the assay. In strains TA 1537, TA 100 and WP2 uvrA with metabolic activation in strain TA 1535 without metabolic activation of the second experiment the historical range of positive controls was just not reached. This minor effects were judged to represent fluctuations. The threshold of two times (TA 100, WP2 uvrA) and three times (TA 1535, TA 1537) of the corresponding solvent control was exceeded by far so the test was considered valid.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS

- Precipitation:

The test item precipitated in the overlay agar at the following concentrations (µg/plate):

Strain	Experiment I		Experiment II
	without S9 mix	with S9 mix	without S9 mix	with S9 mix
TA 1535	/	1000 - 5000	333 - 5000	333 - 5000
TA 1537	/	1000 - 5000	33 - 5000	333 - 5000
TA 98	/	1000 - 5000	333 - 5000	333 - 5000
TA 100	/	1000	333 - 5000	333 - 5000
WP2 uvrA	/	1000 - 5000	333 - 5000	333 - 5000

/ no visible precipitation observed

The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results:
negative

The test item showed no mutagenic activity in both experiments (plate incorporation assay, preincubation assay) each with and without metabolic activation.

Executive summary:

Mutagenic activity of the test item was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA98 and TA100 as well as Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA with (induced rat liver S9 mix) and without metabolic activation at concentrations of 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate using the plate incorporation assay. Due to the test items characteristic as an azo-dye the test was also conducted using the Prival modification, i.e. testing the above mentioned bacterial strains in the preincubation assay without and with uninduced hamster liver S9 mix for metabolic activation. This test was performed using the concentrations 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate.

The test item did not reveal any mutagenic activity under the conditions tested. The appropriate reference mutagenes showed distinct positive mutagenic effects.