Benzenesulfonic acid, mono-C11-13-branched alkyl derivs., calcium salts

Toxicological Summary

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

6 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

25

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

150 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

According to R.8

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

Starting point is NOAEL

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

Subchronic study

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Remaining non-metabolic differences

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

Workers

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

8.5 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

100

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

850 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In accordance with R.8

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

Starting point is NOAEL

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

Subchronic study

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rat to human

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Remaining non-metabolic differences

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

Workers

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

Note that the endpoint records reflect data from Branched CaDDBS where available, and in some cases, from the analogue sodium salt of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (commonly known as LAS) or branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS). LAS is the sodium salt of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid with alkyl carbon chain lengths ranging from C₁₀to C₁₃and averaging 11.6. The primary structure is a C₁₀to C₁₃linear alkyl chain with a para-substituted benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt group attached at any of the secondary alkyl carbon positions. CaDDBS is the calcium salt of branched alkylbenzene sulfonic acid with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C₁₁to C₁₃. ABS is the branched sodium salt analogue of CaDDBS.

The primary difference between the two moieties are the salt – either sodium or calcium, and the alkyl chain - either linear or branched. Given their structural and functional similarities, the LAS material is a good analogue for read-across for instances where data are available on it but not on CaDDBS. For LAS, the alkyl chain length varies and so specific LAS may be used in some of the testing for which data are provided in this section. When available the specific LAS is identified in the endpoint record and the tables in this chemical safety report. For ease of reading, the general terms LAS, ABS, and CaDDBS are used in the text.

Selection of the critical DNELs and qualitative descriptors was carried out as part of the hazard assessment. The results of this assessment are shown in the following tables for workers and the general population.

Branched CaDDBS is not toxic to laboratory animals in acute oral studies up to and greater than 2000 mg/kg. Branched CaDDBS does exhibit dermal toxicity at very high doses applied directly to the skin, with a resulting LD₅₀of 1265 mg/kg. Branched CaDDBS is classified as R21 under the DSD and H312, Category 4 under the CLP. No acute inhalation DNEL is necessary because inhalation is not a significant route of exposure. 

DNELs were derived for long-term systemic effects for dermal exposures. In accordance with REACH guidance chapter R.8, the NOAEL of 85 mg/kg bw/day from the three repeated dose studies was used to derive the DNEL. Applying assessment factors to this NOAEL to consider intra- and interspecies sensitivity, differences between workers and general populations, exposure durations, dose-response, and database quality resulted in the derived DNEL. Thus, the long-term systemic DNEL is 8.5 mg/kg bw/day for the dermal route of exposure for workers. In addition, long-term systemic effects for oral, dermal, and inhalation exposures were derived for consumers and found to be 0.43 mg/kg bw/d, 4.08 mg/kg bw/d, and 1.48 mg/m3, respectively. 

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1.48 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

50

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

74 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In accordance with R.8

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

Starting point is NOAEL

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

Subchronic

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Remaining non-metabolic differences

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

General population

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

4.25 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

200

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

850

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In accordance with R.8

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

Starting point in NOAEL

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

Subchronic

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rat to human

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Remaining non-metabolic differences

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

General population

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

hazard unknown (no further information necessary)

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

0.43 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

200

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

85 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In accordance with R.8

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

Starting point is NOAEL

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

Subchronic

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rat to human

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Remaining non-metabolic differences

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

General population

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - General Population

Note that the endpoint records reflect data from Branched CaDDBS where available, and in some cases, from the analogue sodium salt of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (commonly known as LAS) or branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS). LAS is the sodium salt of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid with alkyl carbon chain lengths ranging from C₁₀to C₁₃and averaging 11.6. The primary structure is a C₁₀to C₁₃linear alkyl chain with a para-substituted benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt group attached at any of the secondary alkyl carbon positions. CaDDBS is the calcium salt of branched alkylbenzene sulfonic acid with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C₁₁to C₁₃. ABS is the branched sodium salt analogue of CaDDBS.

The primary difference between the two moieties are the salt – either sodium or calcium, and the alkyl chain - either linear or branched. Given their structural and functional similarities, the LAS material is a good analogue for read-across for instances where data are available on it but not on CaDDBS. For LAS,the alkyl chain length varies and so specific LAS may be used in some of the testing for which data are provided in this section. When available the specific LAS is identified in the endpoint record and the tables in this chemical safety report. For ease of reading, the general terms LAS, ABS, and CaDDBS are used in the text.

Selection of the critical DNELs and qualitative descriptors was carried out as part of the hazard assessment. The results of this assessment are shown in the tables for workers and the general population.

Branched CaDDBS is not toxic to laboratory animals in acute oral studies up to and greater than 2000 mg/kg. Branched CaDDBS does exhibit dermal toxicity at very high doses applied directly to the skin, with a resulting LD₅₀of 1265 mg/kg. Branched CaDDBS is classified as R21 under the DSD and H312, Category 4 under the CLP. No acute inhalation DNEL is necessary because inhalation is not a significant route of exposure. 

DNELs were derived for long-term systemic effects for inhalation, dermal, and oral exposures. In accordance with REACH guidance chapter R.8, the NOAEL of 85 mg/kg bw/day from the three repeated dose studies was used to derive the DNELs. Applying assessment factors to this NOAEL to consider intra- and interspecies sensitivity, differences between workers and general populations, exposure durations, dose-response, and database quality resulted in the derived DNELs. Thus, the long-term systemic DNEL is 1.48 mg/m3 for the inhalation route of exposure for the general population. The long-term systemic DNEL is 4.25 mg/kg bw/day for the dermal route of exposure for the general population. The long-term systemic DNEL is 0.43 mg/kg bw/day for the oral route of exposure for the general population.