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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Skin irritation / corrosion

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
from June 22 to July 27, 2010
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study well conducted and in compliance with GLP.
Cross-reference
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Reference
Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
α-Pinene is a bicyclic monounsaturated monoterpene and (-)-α-pinene is an enantiomeric form of α-pinene. Therefore, data on α-pinene can be extrapolated to (-)-α-pinene. (see read-across justification document in section 13).
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Not applicable
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: other: viability % (MTT assay)
Value:
39.6
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Basis: mean. Time point: 15 min. Reversibility: no data. Remarks: ± 5.6. (migrated information)

Negative control (PBS+): mean OD = 0.821

Positive control (5% SDS): % viability (MTT assay) = 18.7 ± 3.0

Test item: % viability (MTT assay) = 39.6 ± 5.6

Table 1: MTT conversion assay in living epidermis

 

 

OD 1

OD 2

Mean

Standard deviation

Viability %

Mean Viability %

Standard deviation

Negative control

Epidermis 1

0.768

0.808

0.788

0.028

96.0

100

0.044

Epidermis 2

0.855

0.864

0.860

0.006

104.7

Epidermis 3

0.819

0.811

0.815

0.006

99.3

Positive control

Epidermis 1

0.124

0.145

0.135

0.015

16.4

18.7

0.030

Epidermis 2

0.158

0.131

0.145

0.019

17.6

Epidermis 3

0.191

0.172

0.182

0.013

22.1

Test item

Epidermis 1

0.327

0.310

0.319

0.012

38.8

39.6

0.056

Epidermis 2

0.365

0.382

0.374

0.012

45.5

Epidermis 3

0.273

0.292

0.283

0.013

34.4

Interpretation of results:
Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
Conclusions:
alpha-Pinene is classified as irritating to skin, R38, according to the criteria of Directive 67/548/EEC and in category 2 according to Regulation (EC) n° 1272/2008 (CLP).
Executive summary:

A GLP study conducted in vitro with human epidermis model EPISKIN was performed to assess the irritancy potential of alpha-pinene similarly to ECVAM protocol version 1.8 of February 2009. 10 µL of test item was applied directly on epidermis for 15 min on 3 epidermis. Positive control was 10 µL of 5% (w/v) SDS solution and negative control was 10 µL of PBS (each tested on 3 epidermis). MTT conversion assay was peformed to evaluate the percentage of cellular viability of the epidermis. Positive control had a percentage of cell viability of 18.7 ± 3.0 and test item 39.6 ± 5.6. As the percentage of viability is ≤ 50 %, the test item is considered to be irritating for skin.

Therefore, alpha-pinene is classified as irritating to skin, R38, according to the criteria of Directive 67/548/EEC and in category 2 according to Regulation (EC) n° 1272/2008 (CLP).

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2010
Report date:
2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
other: ECVAM protocol version 1.8 of february 2009
Deviations:
no
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Not applicable
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Pin-2(3)-ene
EC Number:
201-291-9
EC Name:
Pin-2(3)-ene
Cas Number:
80-56-8
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
impurity 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
(1R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
EC Number:
227-336-2
EC Name:
(1R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Cas Number:
5794-03-6
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
(1R,4S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
impurity 2
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
(1S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
EC Number:
227-337-8
EC Name:
(1S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Cas Number:
5794-04-7
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
(1S,4R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
impurity 3
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
(-)-pin-2(10)-ene
EC Number:
242-060-2
EC Name:
(-)-pin-2(10)-ene
Cas Number:
18172-67-3
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
(1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
impurity 4
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
(1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
Cas Number:
19902-08-0
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
(1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
impurity 5
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
7,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-(1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Cas Number:
116724-26-6
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
7,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-(1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
impurity 6
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
7,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-, (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Cas Number:
7378-37-2
Molecular formula:
C10H16
IUPAC Name:
7,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-, (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Test material form:
liquid
Details on test material:
Batch No. : 108348
Purity : 96.6% (sum of the two main constituents)
Name of test material (as cited in study report): alpha-pinene (CAS 80-56-8)
Physical state: colourless liquid
Storage Conditions: +2°C to +8°C, under nitrogen and protected from light
Expiry Date: 20 April 2011

Test animals

Species:
human
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Three-dimensional human epidermis model, supplied by SkinEthic Laboratories, Nice, France constituted by:
- a collagen type I matrix, coated with type IV collagen
- a differentiated and stratified epidermis model from human keratinocytes, obtained after 13-day culture period.
All biological components of the epidermis and the kit culture medium have been tested for the absence of viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma

Test system

Type of coverage:
open
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
other: not applicable
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 10 µL
Duration of treatment / exposure:
15 ± 0.5 min
Number of animals:
3 epidermis/product
Details on study design:
Before the beginning of the study, the non-specific MTT reduction by the test item was checked by incubating MTT solution and 10 µL test item for 3 hours ± 30 minutes and checking the colour of the solution.

Application of the test item and control:
- negative control: 10 µL of PBS+ to each epidermis surface
- positive control: 10 µL of SDS solution at 5% (w/v) in distilled water; after 7 minutes contact time, an intermediate re-spreading is done
- test substance: 10 µL of the test item, as supplied
- contact timepoint for all products: 15 ± 0.5 minutes at room temperature

Rinsing:
- epidermis rinsed thoroughly with 25 mL of PBS+
- remaining product removed with a cotton-bud

Incubation: plates incubated during 42 ± 1 hours in CO2 incubator with maintenance medium

MTT assay:
- epidermis incubated for 3 hours ± 5 minutes in MTT solution in the CO2 incubator
- formazan extraction in 500 µL of acidic isopropanol stored at 4 hours ± 30 minutes at room temperature, protected from light or during 70 ± 5 hours at 4 °C
- measurement of OD at 570 nm

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: other: viability % (MTT assay)
Value:
39.6
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Basis: mean. Time point: 15 min. Reversibility: no data. Remarks: ± 5.6. (migrated information)

Any other information on results incl. tables

Negative control (PBS+): mean OD = 0.821

Positive control (5% SDS): % viability (MTT assay) = 18.7 ± 3.0

Test item: % viability (MTT assay) = 39.6 ± 5.6

Table 1: MTT conversion assay in living epidermis

 

 

OD 1

OD 2

Mean

Standard deviation

Viability %

Mean Viability %

Standard deviation

Negative control

Epidermis 1

0.768

0.808

0.788

0.028

96.0

100

0.044

Epidermis 2

0.855

0.864

0.860

0.006

104.7

Epidermis 3

0.819

0.811

0.815

0.006

99.3

Positive control

Epidermis 1

0.124

0.145

0.135

0.015

16.4

18.7

0.030

Epidermis 2

0.158

0.131

0.145

0.019

17.6

Epidermis 3

0.191

0.172

0.182

0.013

22.1

Test item

Epidermis 1

0.327

0.310

0.319

0.012

38.8

39.6

0.056

Epidermis 2

0.365

0.382

0.374

0.012

45.5

Epidermis 3

0.273

0.292

0.283

0.013

34.4

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
Conclusions:
alpha-Pinene is classified as irritating to skin, R38, according to the criteria of Directive 67/548/EEC and in category 2 according to Regulation (EC) n° 1272/2008 (CLP).
Executive summary:

A GLP study conducted in vitro with human epidermis model EPISKIN was performed to assess the irritancy potential of alpha-pinene similarly to ECVAM protocol version 1.8 of February 2009. 10 µL of test item was applied directly on epidermis for 15 min on 3 epidermis. Positive control was 10 µL of 5% (w/v) SDS solution and negative control was 10 µL of PBS (each tested on 3 epidermis). MTT conversion assay was peformed to evaluate the percentage of cellular viability of the epidermis. Positive control had a percentage of cell viability of 18.7 ± 3.0 and test item 39.6 ± 5.6. As the percentage of viability is ≤ 50 %, the test item is considered to be irritating for skin.

Therefore, alpha-pinene is classified as irritating to skin, R38, according to the criteria of Directive 67/548/EEC and in category 2 according to Regulation (EC) n° 1272/2008 (CLP).