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EC number: 221-424-4 | CAS number: 3089-17-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 May 2006 to 24 July 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP according to German "Chemikaliengesetz", EC and OECD Guideline principles
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances):
A saturated solution was tested in a limit test.
Saturated solution: The maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, acc. to OECD Series, No. 23 (2000)6.
The solution (100 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with dilution water one day day prior to application.
The stock solution was stirred with ~ 1100 rpm for 24 h. Undissolved particles were removed by membran filtration (0.45¿m) - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), Berlin, Germany; Breeder: Dr. U. Noack-Laboratorien, Sarstedt, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2-24 h
- Method of breeding:
Culture: In 2-3 L glass vessels with approximately 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 ± 2 °C, in an incubator, 16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 ¿E¿m-2 ¿s-1.
Culture medium: Elendt M4, according to Elendt (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/l.
- Feeding during test: no feeding during the study
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 2 h in dilution water
Reference:
Elendt, B. P. (1990): Selenium Deficiency in Crustacea, Protoplasma, 154, 25-30 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 245 mg CaCO3/L in dilution water prior to test start
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C, ± 1 °C constant
- pH:
- 7.67 (saturated solution) and 7.65 (controls) at the start
7.55-7.61 (saturated solution, 4 replicates) and 7.62-7.80 (controls, 4 replicates) at the end (48 h) - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.27 (saturated solution) and 8.52 (controls) mg/L at the start
8.26-8.33 (saturated solution, 4 replicates) and 8.43-8.55 (controls, 4 replicates) mg/L at the end (48 h) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A limit test with a saturated solution was carried out.
The saturated solution and the control after 0 h (new media) and 48 h (old media) were analytically verified via DOC analysis according to DIN EN 1484 (DOC of saturated solution: 1.8 mg/L). Separate replicates without test organisms for the test item analysis after 48 h were prepared and incubated under test conditions. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers (5 cm ID x 8 cm H), 50 mL volume were used.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dilution water according to EU Method C.2, Annex
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: diffuse light, illumination range max. 20 ¿E¿m-2 ¿s-1.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilisation at 24 and 48 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Limit test with saturated solution (see above)
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit test
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: dilutions of the saturated solution of 1:1, 1:10 and 1:100
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Based on the absence of any immobilisation, the main study was conducted as a limit test with the saturated solution. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate p.a.
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item, a saturated solution had been prepared using a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Details on results:
- No immobilisation after 24 and 48 h with the test substance (saturated solution) or the control.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Mortality:
- EC50 (immobilisation): 1.95 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 1.71-2.16 mg/L)
- Other:
EC50 values determined by sigmoidal dose-response regression.
EC100 (immobilisation): 2.87 mg/L (determined directly from the test results) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10- and EC50-values were only calculated for the reference item by sigmoidal dose-response regression. Calculation of the confidence intervals for EC50 were carried out using standard procedures according to CLOPPER and PEARSON (1934).
All data were computer generated and rounded for presentation from the full derived data. Consequently, if calculated manually based on the given data minor variations may occur from these figures. Calculations were carried out using software: GraphPad Prism4 (2005), GRAPHPAD SOFTWARE, INC.
Reference:
Clopper and Pearson (1934): Biometrika, 26: 404-413 citied in GraphPad Prism Statistics Guide 4.0. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated solution of the test item no biologically significant effect was determined.
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effect of the saturated solution of the test item was determined according to OECD 202 (2004) and Directive 92/69/EC Method C.2 (1992). The limit test was conducted under static conditions over 48 h from 2006-06-13 to 2006-06-15 at DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Käthe-Paulus-Straße 1, D-31157 Sarstedt. 20 test organisms were exposed to the saturated solution and the control. Details of the analytical results are given in part 9. A reference test was carried out with potassium dichromate to determine the toxicity of the reference item. The EC50-value of the reference item of 1.95 mg/L after 24 h was within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/L according to AQS. Water quality parameters pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration, measured at 0 and 48 h, were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
At the saturated solution of the test item (Pigment Red 122) no biologically significant effect was determined.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005-03-18 - 2005-04-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- At the sponsor¿s request no test item analysis was carried out.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP according to German Chemikaliengesetz and directive 88/320/EEC
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Stock solution:
The solution (100 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with dilution water one day prior to application.
Dispersion treatment: The stock solution was shaken at room temperature with 20 rpm for 24 h (rotating shaker 3040, GFL) and membrane filtrated with 0.45 µm (RC, SCHLEICHER & SCHUELL).
Limit concentration: Saturated solution (100 mg/L)
CONTROL: Dilution water without test item tested under the same conditions as the test groups. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5), bred in the test facility.
Origin: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu)
Breeder: DR. U . NOACK-LABORATORIEN, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
Culture: In 2-3 L glass vessels with approximatively 1 .8 L culture medium, at 21 °C (temperatures of 20 - 25 °C are tolerated), in an incubator, 16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 µE/(m2 ¿ s).
Culture medium: Culture medium Elendt M4, according to Elendt (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L.
Feeding: At least 5x weekly ad libitum with a mix of Desmodesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- Total hardness of 266 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- Start:
control: 7.8 -- treatment: 7.7
End:
control: 7.83 - 7.94 -- treatment: 7.4 - 7.8 - Dissolved oxygen:
- [mg/L]
Start:
control: 8.69 -- treatment: 8.87
End:
control: 7.76 - 7.93 -- treatment: 7.91 - 7.98 - Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Due to the poor solubility of the submission substance in water a limit test at 100 mg/L nominal concentration had been performed.
- Details on test conditions:
- A static preliminary range finding test was conducted as limit test with the saturated solution (NON-GLP-state).
The definitive study was performed as a limit test with saturated solution (100 mg/L) under static conditions to enable the determination of immobilisation after 24 and 48 hours. 2 to 24 h old daphnids were used for the definitive study. They were obtained by removing the mother animals twice within 22 h. The daphnids were acclimated to the dilution water ca. 2 hours before test start. The daphnids were not fed during the study.
Control replicates with dilution water (test medium without test item) were tested under the same conditions as the test groups.
20 daphnids divided into 4 (2*) groups with 5 (10*) animals per test vessel were used.
In the definitive study the immobilisation of the daphnids was observed after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Water parameter were measured at begin and end of the study. The reference item was tested in five concentrations within the concentration range 0.58 to 5.8 mg/L.
*) The information in brackets refer to the test of the reference item - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Details on results:
- The percentage immobility was determined for the tested limit concentration and the control after 24 h and 48 h. In both, the control and treatment replicates, no immobilization occured . There is no biologically significant effect neither in the tested limit concentration nor in the control group.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The percentage immobility for the reference item was determined after 24 h. The EC100-value was determined directly from the test results. The EC10- and EC50- with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was determined in a probability network by interpolation according to standard procedures. EC-values after 24 h of the reference item in mg/L:
EC10: 1.51
EC50: 1.84 (CI 1.74-1.95)
EC100: 3.2
The EC50-value of the reference item potassium dichromate after 24 h is within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 - 2.5 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS: DIN Guideline 38412 L 30.
AQS-Merkblatt: Bestimmung der nicht akut giftigen Wirkung von Abwasser gegenüber Daphnien über Verdünnungsstufen (DIN 38412 - L 30) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a 48 hour chronic toxicity test (reliability category 1, compliant to GLP) on Daphnia manga Straus performed as a static limit test due to the low solubility of the submission substance, the NOEC (48 h) had been determined to be the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The EC50 is higher than the nominal limit concentration (100 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effect of the saturated solution (100 mg/L) as limit concentration of the test item, was determined according to OECD 202 (2004) and EC Directive 92/69/EC Method C.2 (1992). The limit test was conducted under static conditions over 48 h from 2005-03-22 to 2005-03-24 at DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Käthe-Paulus-Straße 1, D-31157 Sarstedt. 20 test organisms were exposed to the limit concentration and control. No test item analysis was carried out. A reference test was carried out with potassium dichromate to determine the toxicity of the reference item. The EC50-value of the reference item of 1.84 mg/L after 24 h was within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/L according to AQS, DIN Guideline 38412 L 30. Water quality parameters pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration, measured at 0 and 48 h, were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
Percentage Number of Daphnia Incapable of Swimming after 24 and 48 h of Exposure (n = 20)
IMMOBILISATION [%]
24 h
48 h
Replicates
Replicates
1.
2.
3.
4.
MV
1.
2.
3.
4.
MV
Saturated solution
(100 mg/L)Control
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0MV = Mean value
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005-03-18 - 2005-04-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- see Rationale and Justification for the Analogue Read-Across Approach used for the Registration of Pigment Red 202 (Chapter 13)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- At the sponsor¿s request no test item analysis was carried out.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP according to German Chemikaliengesetz and directive 88/320/EEC
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Stock solution:
The solution (100 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with dilution water one day prior to application.
Dispersion treatment: The stock solution was shaken at room temperature with 20 rpm for 24 h (rotating shaker 3040, GFL) and membrane filtrated with 0.45 µm (RC, SCHLEICHER & SCHUELL).
Limit concentration: Saturated solution (100 mg/L)
CONTROL: Dilution water without test item tested under the same conditions as the test groups. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5), bred in the test facility.
Origin: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu)
Breeder: DR. U . NOACK-LABORATORIEN, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
Culture: In 2-3 L glass vessels with approximatively 1 .8 L culture medium, at 21 °C (temperatures of 20 - 25 °C are tolerated), in an incubator, 16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 µE/(m2 ¿ s).
Culture medium: Culture medium Elendt M4, according to Elendt (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L.
Feeding: At least 5x weekly ad libitum with a mix of Desmodesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- Total hardness of 266 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- Start:
control: 7.8 -- treatment: 7.7
End:
control: 7.83 - 7.94 -- treatment: 7.4 - 7.8 - Dissolved oxygen:
- [mg/L]
Start:
control: 8.69 -- treatment: 8.87
End:
control: 7.76 - 7.93 -- treatment: 7.91 - 7.98 - Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Due to the poor solubility of the submission substance in water a limit test at 100 mg/L nominal concentration had been performed.
- Details on test conditions:
- A static preliminary range finding test was conducted as limit test with the saturated solution (NON-GLP-state).
The definitive study was performed as a limit test with saturated solution (100 mg/L) under static conditions to enable the determination of immobilisation after 24 and 48 hours. 2 to 24 h old daphnids were used for the definitive study. They were obtained by removing the mother animals twice within 22 h. The daphnids were acclimated to the dilution water ca. 2 hours before test start. The daphnids were not fed during the study.
Control replicates with dilution water (test medium without test item) were tested under the same conditions as the test groups.
20 daphnids divided into 4 (2*) groups with 5 (10*) animals per test vessel were used.
In the definitive study the immobilisation of the daphnids was observed after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Water parameter were measured at begin and end of the study. The reference item was tested in five concentrations within the concentration range 0.58 to 5.8 mg/L.
*) The information in brackets refer to the test of the reference item - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item in water, limit test at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Details on results:
- The percentage immobility was determined for the tested limit concentration and the control after 24 h and 48 h. In both, the control and treatment replicates, no immobilization occured . There is no biologically significant effect neither in the tested limit concentration nor in the control group.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The percentage immobility for the reference item was determined after 24 h. The EC100-value was determined directly from the test results. The EC10- and EC50- with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was determined in a probability network by interpolation according to standard procedures. EC-values after 24 h of the reference item in mg/L:
EC10: 1.51
EC50: 1.84 (CI 1.74-1.95)
EC100: 3.2
The EC50-value of the reference item potassium dichromate after 24 h is within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 - 2.5 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS: DIN Guideline 38412 L 30.
AQS-Merkblatt: Bestimmung der nicht akut giftigen Wirkung von Abwasser gegenüber Daphnien über Verdünnungsstufen (DIN 38412 - L 30) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a 48 hour chronic toxicity test (reliability category 1, compliant to GLP) on Daphnia manga Straus performed as a static limit test due to the low solubility of the submission substance, the NOEC (48 h) had been determined to be the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The EC50 is higher than the nominal limit concentration (100 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effect of the saturated solution (100 mg/L) as limit concentration of the test item, was determined according to OECD 202 (2004) and EC Directive 92/69/EC Method C.2 (1992). The limit test was conducted under static conditions over 48 h from 2005-03-22 to 2005-03-24 at DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Käthe-Paulus-Straße 1, D-31157 Sarstedt. 20 test organisms were exposed to the limit concentration and control. No test item analysis was carried out. A reference test was carried out with potassium dichromate to determine the toxicity of the reference item. The EC50-value of the reference item of 1.84 mg/L after 24 h was within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/L according to AQS, DIN Guideline 38412 L 30. Water quality parameters pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration, measured at 0 and 48 h, were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
Percentage Number of Daphnia Incapable of Swimming after 24 and 48 h of Exposure (n = 20)
IMMOBILISATION [%]
24 h
48 h
Replicates
Replicates
1.
2.
3.
4.
MV
1.
2.
3.
4.
MV
Saturated solution
(100 mg/L)Control
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0MV = Mean value
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 May 2006 to 24 July 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- see Rationale and Justification for the Analogue Read-Across Approach used for the Registration of Pigment Red 202 (Chapter 13)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP according to German "Chemikaliengesetz", EC and OECD Guideline principles
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances):
A saturated solution was tested in a limit test.
Saturated solution: The maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, acc. to OECD Series, No. 23 (2000)6.
The solution (100 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with dilution water one day day prior to application.
The stock solution was stirred with ~ 1100 rpm for 24 h. Undissolved particles were removed by membran filtration (0.45¿m) - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), Berlin, Germany; Breeder: Dr. U. Noack-Laboratorien, Sarstedt, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2-24 h
- Method of breeding:
Culture: In 2-3 L glass vessels with approximately 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 ± 2 °C, in an incubator, 16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 ¿E¿m-2 ¿s-1.
Culture medium: Elendt M4, according to Elendt (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/l.
- Feeding during test: no feeding during the study
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 2 h in dilution water
Reference:
Elendt, B. P. (1990): Selenium Deficiency in Crustacea, Protoplasma, 154, 25-30 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 245 mg CaCO3/L in dilution water prior to test start
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C, ± 1 °C constant
- pH:
- 7.67 (saturated solution) and 7.65 (controls) at the start
7.55-7.61 (saturated solution, 4 replicates) and 7.62-7.80 (controls, 4 replicates) at the end (48 h) - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.27 (saturated solution) and 8.52 (controls) mg/L at the start
8.26-8.33 (saturated solution, 4 replicates) and 8.43-8.55 (controls, 4 replicates) mg/L at the end (48 h) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A limit test with a saturated solution was carried out.
The saturated solution and the control after 0 h (new media) and 48 h (old media) were analytically verified via DOC analysis according to DIN EN 1484 (DOC of saturated solution: 1.8 mg/L). Separate replicates without test organisms for the test item analysis after 48 h were prepared and incubated under test conditions. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers (5 cm ID x 8 cm H), 50 mL volume were used.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dilution water according to EU Method C.2, Annex
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: diffuse light, illumination range max. 20 ¿E¿m-2 ¿s-1.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilisation at 24 and 48 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Limit test with saturated solution (see above)
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit test
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: dilutions of the saturated solution of 1:1, 1:10 and 1:100
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Based on the absence of any immobilisation, the main study was conducted as a limit test with the saturated solution. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate p.a.
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to poor solubility of test item, a saturated solution had been prepared using a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L
- Details on results:
- No immobilisation after 24 and 48 h with the test substance (saturated solution) or the control.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Mortality:
- EC50 (immobilisation): 1.95 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 1.71-2.16 mg/L)
- Other:
EC50 values determined by sigmoidal dose-response regression.
EC100 (immobilisation): 2.87 mg/L (determined directly from the test results) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10- and EC50-values were only calculated for the reference item by sigmoidal dose-response regression. Calculation of the confidence intervals for EC50 were carried out using standard procedures according to CLOPPER and PEARSON (1934).
All data were computer generated and rounded for presentation from the full derived data. Consequently, if calculated manually based on the given data minor variations may occur from these figures. Calculations were carried out using software: GraphPad Prism4 (2005), GRAPHPAD SOFTWARE, INC.
Reference:
Clopper and Pearson (1934): Biometrika, 26: 404-413 citied in GraphPad Prism Statistics Guide 4.0. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated solution of the test item no biologically significant effect was determined.
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effect of the saturated solution of the test item was determined according to OECD 202 (2004) and Directive 92/69/EC Method C.2 (1992). The limit test was conducted under static conditions over 48 h from 2006-06-13 to 2006-06-15 at DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Käthe-Paulus-Straße 1, D-31157 Sarstedt. 20 test organisms were exposed to the saturated solution and the control. Details of the analytical results are given in part 9. A reference test was carried out with potassium dichromate to determine the toxicity of the reference item. The EC50-value of the reference item of 1.95 mg/L after 24 h was within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/L according to AQS. Water quality parameters pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration, measured at 0 and 48 h, were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
At the saturated solution of the test item (Pigment Red 122) no biologically significant effect was determined.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Three Key study with read across substances are available. In one key study, at the saturated solution of the test item no biologically significant effect was determined.
Both results with the read across substances show the same result.
In a 48 hour toxicity test (reliability category 1, compliant to GLP) on Daphnia manga Straus performed as a static limit test due to the low solubility of the submission substance, the NOEC (48 h) had been determined to be the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The EC50 is higher than the nominal limit concentration (100 mg/L).
In a 48 hour toxicity test (reliability category 1, compliant to GLP) on Daphnia manga Straus performed as a static limit test due to the low solubility of the submission substance, the NOEC (48 h) had been determined to be the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The EC50 is higher than the nominal limit concentration (100 mg/L). The actual concentration could not be determined due to the low solubility of the submission substance in water and the salt concentration present in the ISO-test medium.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- > 100 mg/L
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