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EC number: 204-667-0 | CAS number: 123-96-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 14.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 739.2 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Starting point is the NOAEL from the OECD 422 of 300 mg/kgbw/d based on clinical signs observed in the high dose group.
The corrected 8 hr inhalation NOAEC for workers is NOAEL (300) * 1.76 *1.4* mg/m3 = 739.2 mg/m3.
- 1.76 : correction for differences in respiratory volume (workers)
- 1.4 : for 7/5 correction for differences between human and experimental exposure condition (workers)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 4
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on an OECD 422 study. For an exposure of 28-day, ECHA recommends to use a factor of 6, and a factor of 2 for a 90-day study. In an OECD 422 study, rats were exposed approx. 6 weeks, thus a factor of 4 is appropriate.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already included in NOAEC calculation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Assessment factor of 5 for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- reliable data.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 840 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
DNEL derivation is based on a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity study by oral administration to rats (Salvador, 2019). The starting dose for DNEL calculation was a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg/day. Default absorption rates of 100 and 50% are assumed for the oral and dermal routes, respectively. The NOAEL (8h) derived for workers is :
300 x 2 x 1.4 = 840 mg/kg/day
- 2 : for 100/50. Default absorption rates of 100 and 50% are assumed for the oral and dermal routes, respectively
- 1.4 : correction for differences between human and experimental exposure condition (workers).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment (DNEL calculator). No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 4
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on an OECD 422 study. For an exposure of 28-day, ECHA recommends to use a factor of 6, and a factor of 2 for a 90-day study. In an OECD 422 study, rats were exposed approx. 6 weeks, thus a factor of 4 is appropriate.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator). Allometric scalling for oral to dermal.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Assessment factor of 5 for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Reliable data
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.75 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 400
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Starting point is the NOAEL from the OECD 422 of 300 mg/kgbw/day based on clinical signs observed in the high dose group. No correction factor should have to be applied.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 4
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on an OECD 422 study. For an exposure of 28-day, ECHA recommends to use a factor of 6, and a factor of 2 for a 90-day study. In an OECD 422 study, rats were exposed approx. 6 weeks, thus a factor of 4 is appropriate.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- A defeult factor for allometric scaling is 4 for rat to human.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is applied for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No additional factor.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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