Anthracene oil, anthracene paste

Genetic toxicity: in vivo

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1991

Report date:

1991

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.12 (Mutagenicity - In Vivo Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

micronucleus assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Creosote

EC Number:

232-287-5

EC Name:

Creosote

Cas Number:

8001-58-9

IUPAC Name:

8001-58-9

Details on test material:

- Creosote WEI-Type B
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Creosote Spéciale 14130
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not applicable, UVCB
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: liquid
- Composition:

[w/w%]
=========================
Aromatic hydrocarbons 89.7
Phenols 6.8
N-Compounds 3.4
Benzene 0.04
Toluene 0.22
Ethyl-Benzene 0.21
m/p-Xylene 0.70
Styrene 0.12
o-Xylene 0.24
Indane 3.1
Indene 2.9
Naphthalene 12.2
2-Me-Naphthalene 5.3
1-Me-Naphthalene 3.3
Diphenyl 2.7
Acenaphthene 12.6
Fluorene 10.3
Phenanthrene 4.6
Anthracene 1.2
Fluoranthene 0.7
B(a)P 15 ppm
B(a)A 40 ppm
B(b)F 15 ppm
B(h)F + B(j)F 10 ppm
DiB(a, h)A < 5 ppm
Phenol 0.5
o-cresol 1.7
p-cresol 1.4
m-cresol 1.6
Xylenols 1.3
===========================

Test animals

Species:

mouse

Strain:

other: OF1 (IOPS Caw)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Iffa-Crédo, 69592 L´Arbresle France
- Age at study initiation: Young adults, 6 – 8 weeks of age
- Weight at study initiation: 28.4 – 34.2 g (m), 22.8 – 30.3 g (f)
- Assigned to test groups randomly: yes

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

Olive oil

Details on exposure:

--

Duration of treatment / exposure:

see below: time points

Frequency of treatment:

single dose

Post exposure period:

Time points of sampling: 24, 48, 72 h after treatment

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 2200 mg/kg bw (limit test)
Basis:
actual ingested
in olive oil (total volume 10 mL/kg bw)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 per time point

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Positive control(s):

- Cyclophosphamide
- Route of administration: i.p.
- Doses / concentrations: a single application of 100 mg/kg bw

Examinations

Tissues and cell types examined:

Bone marrow
Number of animals: all animals
Number of cells: 1000 per animal
Type of cells erythrocytes in bone marrow
Parameters: numbers and types of structural aberrations
polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio
mitotic index

Details of tissue and slide preparation:

CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION:
Acute toxicity: A preliminary test with 220, 1100, 2200, and 11000 mg/kg creosote and 2 males and 2 females per group preceded the main study.No mortality but clear clinical signs of toxicity at 2200 mg/kg. One hundred per cent mortality within 3 d for all animals at the highest dose.

DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION: May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining

Statistics:

Arithmetic means, Student´s test, indicator of significance p < 0.01

Results and discussion

Test results

Sex:

male/female

Genotoxicity:

negative

Toxicity:

yes

Remarks:

clinical signs of toxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Any other information on results incl. tables

No significant increases of the number of polychromatic erythrocytes bearing micronuclei were observed in treated animals at any time interval. A marked decrease in the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes was observed after 72-h exposure, indicating a significant cytotoxic treatment-related effect on erythrocytes formation.

The positive control substance produce significant increases in the incidence of micronucleated cells and clear depression in the cellular ratio of poly- to normochromatic erythrocytes.

Table for Micronucleus Test In Vivo (MN)

	Positive control group	Vehicle control	High dose [2200 mg/kg]
Number of cells evaluated per 10 animals (group)	10,000	10,000/time point	10,000/time point

Sampling time (h)				24	24	48	72		24	48	72
Number of erythrocytes	normochromatic			Not specified
	polychromatic			Not specified
	polychromatic with micronuclei	male		31.2 ±4.0	0.4 ±0.5	1.2 ±0.8	0.6 ±0.9		0.4 ±0.5	0.4 ±0.5	0.4 ±0.5
		female		30.6 ±8.0	1.2 ±1.1	0.2 ±0.4	0.2 ±0.4		0.2 ±0.4	0.4 ±0.9	0.2 ±0.4
Ratio of erythrocytes	polychromatic / normochromatic			Not specified
	polychromatic with micronuclei / normochromatic (males + females combined)			0.57 ±0.13	1.03 ±0.25	0.78 ±0.23	1.00 ±0.16		0.84 ±0.14	0.71 ±0.11	0.62 ±0.07

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative

Executive summary:

Creosote spéciale WEI Type B [containing less than 50 ppm B(a)P] was tested for its capability to induce clastogenic effects in red blood cells isolated from bone marrow after three time points i.p. post-application. The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 474 (1983) EEC Directive 84/449, B.12 (1984). Based on the results of a preliminary toxicity study, a limit test at 2200 mg/kg (single dose, oral) was carried out. Following treatment with creosote, possibly clastogenic and toxic effects during development of erythroblasts into polychromatic red blood cells were examined at three time intervals after application on 10 animals each (5 m, 5 f). The ratio of polychromatic (immature) to normochromatic (mature) cells was followed as measure of cytotoxicity.

Under the conditions of in-vivo testing, Creosote spéciale 14130, WEI Type B, was negative for the induction of clastogenic/chromosomal defects in developing erythrocytes in vivo, thus showing no mutagenic potential.