Slimes and Sludges, battery scrap, antimony- and lead-rich

Toxicological Summary

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Local effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Local effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Additional information - General Population

HUMAN HEALTH CLASSIFICATION OF SLIMES AND SLUDGES BATTERY SCRAP SB PB RICH

1. Introduction and approach

The lead intermediate is identified as follows

Substance: Slimes and sludges battery scrap antimony and lead rich   “Slimes and sludges battery scrap antimony and lead rich are made by aqueous alkaline leaching of the majority of the sulphate from the lead-containing material recovered from recycled lead-acid batteries. The lead is mainly present as carbonates. Also other lead compounds, such as lead oxides, lead sulphate and lead silicate, and lead in metallic form may be present.”
EC number/ EINECS No.	CAS No.
310-061-8	102110-60-1

 

Slimes and sludges battery scrap Sb Pb rich is considered as a complex metal containing substance.

The self classification of the UVCB substance (in accordance to the EU hazard classification system (CLP, 2009)) was performed based on below outline.

Characterization

The material is accurately described from its elemental composition (maximum of typical concentrations and concentration ranges across production sites –IUCLID Section 1.2) and the specific speciation data (mineralogical information) obtained from one or more representative sample(s) (IUCLID Section 4.23). This information is enough to initiate the classification process.

 

Classification by the Mixture Approach

The UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance with a number of discrete constituent compounds (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds). The hazard classification of each compound is then factored into a combined classification of the UVCB as a whole (application of CLP mixture rules). For human health endpoints, UVCB classifications are based on the combined hazards of the compounds whereby additivity or key cut off levels are used depending on the endpoint and amount of information available for the constituting compounds. These concepts and rules are incorporated in easy to use IT tools (e.g. ARCHE CLP tool), which can be used to classify the UVCB.

 

Bridging or Read-Across

Toxicological data are not available for the specific UVCB being evaluated. Considering the knowledge and variability in composition, read-across and bridging is done by using a "representative mineralogical/speciation analysis" (chemical and mineralogical surrogates with similar origin/production process and physical/chemical properties) combined with the maximum of typicals (across industry) as a basis for the classification of the UVCB substance.

 

Eventual correction

No correction for (bio)availability was made.

 

 

2. Summary of the chemistry

 

The chemistry and mineralogy of two reference samples of Slimes and sludges battery scrap Sb Pb rich was assessed by Kravtsov et al, 2010 (see IUCLID Section 1.4 & Section 4.23).

 

The mineralogy of the reference samples was not only used to derive the classification of both samples but also to derive the classification of other Slimes and sludges battery scrap Sb Pb rich samples. Therefore a Reasonable Worst Case (RWC) scenario was deduced based upon the mineralogy of the two reference samples (note: RWC scenario = OR25). Also some assumptions regarding the mineralogical form had to be made for constituents where no mineralogical data was available. The RWC scenario and the assumptions that were made to derive the classification can be found in the calculator sheet, attached as background material in IUCLID Section 4.23.

 

More information about the approach that was followed for classifying the lead intermediates can be found in the explanatory document, attached in IUCLID Section 1.4.

 

 

3. Conclusion human health classification

 

The classification for the human health endpoints was derived by applying the mixture toxicity rules (CLP, 2009; lower tier hazard classification).

 

Analysis of the classification results of all studied Slimes and sludges battery scrap Sb Pb rich samples resulted in a division in two grades.

 

The first grade is a “catch all” grade, which covers all Slimes and sludges battery scrap Sb Pb rich samples. More specifically, the analyzed sample is representative for the reasonable worst case sample of the substance (i.e. maximum of typicals for every constituent across all industry data, defined within the concentration ranges outlined under IUCLID section 1.2. + mineralogical information in section 4.23).

 

The second grade is related to a less severe classification for carcinogenicity. This is due to a difference in the amount of Cd (in the form of CdO) present.

 

An overview of the derived classifications and the key drivers is given in the table below.

 

 

SLIMES AND SLUDGES BATTERY SCRAP SB PB RICH
Key drivers for human health classification	Typical concentrations (conform to IUCLID section 1.2)
	Grade 1 - General grade	Grade 2 – ‘Lower carcinogenic potential’ grade
Pb compounds	<= 65.97% (max total % Pb = 75.2%; 87.73% of Pb in compounds form)	<= 65.97% (max total % Pb = 75.2%; 87.73% of Pb in compounds form)
CdO	<= 0.11% (max total % Cd = 0.1%)	<= 0.097% (max total % Cd = 0.085%)
Human Health endpoints
Acute toxicity
Classification (CLP)	Cat. 4; H302 Cat. 4; H332	Cat. 4; H302 Cat. 4; H332
Key driver	Pb compounds	Pb compounds
Skin irritation/corrosion
Classification (CLP)	Not classified	Not classified
Eye irritation
Classification (CLP)	Not classified	Not classified
Skin/Respiratory sensitisation
Classification (CLP)	Not classified	Not classified
STOT Single Exposure
Classification (CLP)	Not classified	Not classified
STOT Repeated Exposure
Classification (CLP)	Cat. 2; H373	Cat. 2; H373
Key driver (triggering limit)	Pb compounds (0.5%)	Pb compounds (0.5%)
Genetic toxicity
Classification (CLP)	Not classified	Not classified
Carcinogenicity
Classification (CLP)	Cat. 1B; H350	Cat. 2; H351
Key driver (triggering limit)	CdO (0.1%)	Pb compounds (1%)
Reproductive toxicity
Classification (CLP)	Cat. 1A; H360	Cat. 1A; H360
Key driver (triggering limit)	Pb compounds (0.3%)	Pb compounds (0.3%)