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EC number: 272-221-2 | CAS number: 68784-12-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Hydrolysis
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- hydrolysis
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) has been investigated by using liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry for analysis of ASA and ASAcid before and after hydrolysis.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling intervals for the parent/transformation products: 0 and 14 h
- Sampling method: Aliquots were shaken vigorously for about one minute on a shaker.Thereafter the formed two phases were separated by centrifugation at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes. - Buffers:
- - pH: 7.4
- Type and final molarity of buffer: phosphate buffer
- Composition of buffer: Potassiumdihydrogenphosphate(1.18 g), disodiumhydrogenphosphate,dihydrate(4.43 g), Ultrapure water(1 L) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST MEDIUM
- Preparation of test medium: To each of three Erlenmeyer flasks was weighed 0.8 g ASA and about 80 g phosphate buffer. Homogeneous emulsions were formed using a high speed mixer, run at highest speed for hal fa minute. Aliquots were taken for measurement of initial levels of ASA and ASAcid (t=0). - Duration:
- 14 h
- pH:
- 7.4
- Temp.:
- 37 °C
- Initial conc. measured:
- 197.2 mg/L
- Number of replicates:
- 3
- Positive controls:
- no
- Negative controls:
- no
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Details on hydrolysis and appearance of transformation product(s):
- - Pathways for transformation: hydrolysis
- % Recovery:
- ca. 3
- pH:
- 7.4
- Temp.:
- 37 °C
- Duration:
- 14 h
- pH:
- 7.4
- Temp.:
- 37 °C
- DT50:
- < 14 h
- Type:
- other: not determined
- Remarks on result:
- other: 97% hydrolysis after 14 h
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The test item shows hydrolytic degradation under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C). Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial ASA amount has hydrolyzed into alkenyl succinic acid.
- Executive summary:
The hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) was investigated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of ASA and ASAcid before and after hydrolysis. Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial ASA amount has hydrolysed into alkenyl succinic acid (ASAcid).
- Endpoint:
- hydrolysis
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-guideline study with analytical monitoring
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Low water solubility, but easily emulsifiable in water. Therefore, preparations of test item emulsified in water and in the prescribed buffer solutions were made.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Competence Center Analytics, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Buffers:
- - Buffer pH 4.00 (Bernd Kraft: citric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide);
- Buffer pH 7.00 (Bernd Kraft: phosphate mixture);
- Buffer pH 9.00 (Bernd Kraft: boric acid, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide); - Details on test conditions:
- TEST MEDIUM
- Preparation of test medium: 660.68 – 665.20 mg of the test item exactly weighed were dispersed by permanent stirring in 200 mL of demineralized water or buffer pH 4, 7 or 9. As the averaged molecular weight of the test item was given as 333.2 g/mol, the concentrations of test item in the resulting emulsions were 0.01 mol/L. - Preliminary study:
- The test item shows hydrolytic degradation as soon as it is encountered with water at 20°C.
demineralized water, 20°C: no first order kinetic
pH 4, 20°C: no first order kinetic
pH 7, 20°C: not measurable due to extremely formati on of foam
pH 9, 20°C: not measurable due to extremely format ion of foam - Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Key result
- pH:
- 4
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Type:
- other: not possible to determine
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- pH:
- 7
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Type:
- other: not possible to determine
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- pH:
- 9
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Type:
- other: not possible to determine
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Details on results:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- pH, sterility, temperature, and other experimental conditions maintained throughout the study: Yes
- Anomalies or problems encountered: The degradation reactions measured in demin. water and in buffer pH 4 at 20°C are not first order or pseudo-first order. Due to this kobs half lives cannot be calculated.
At an elevated stirring rate and pH 7 and pH 9 the IR measurement is disturbed by foam, hence a record of ASA hydrolysis failed at pH 7 and pH 9. The measurement in demin. water with elevated stirring rate was possible but the result cannot be compared directly with the measurement at 8000 rpm (without foam). In general the hydrolysis of organic anhydrides is accelerated at neutral and alkaline pH and ends up (by using of buffer salts) in the corresponding acid salt. In case of the test item the final hydrolysis product is an alkenyl succinic acid salt (alkenyl succinate), a chemical structure with surfactant properties, which gives rise to foam formation. The extremely formation of foam at pH 7 and pH 9 suggests a rapid hydrolysis under these conditions. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- only pre-test conducted
- Conclusions:
- The test item shows hydrolytic degradation as soon as it is encountered with water at 20°C. The extremely formation of foam at pH 7 and pH 9 suggests a rapid hydrolysis under these conditions.
- Executive summary:
In a pre-test for a OECD 111 study, the substance showed hydrolysis in water at pH7, but no kinetic could be derived. At pH 7 and 9 foam formation was apparent preventing the determination of the hydrolysisi rate. However, foam builing is regarded as a consequence of the hydrolysis product alkenyl succinic acid salt, which is a generarl reaction of organic anhydrides at neutral and alkaline pH.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Hydrolysis: 97% in 14 h at pH 7.4 and 37°C
2,5-Furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15-20-alkenyl derivs. appears to
hydrolyze very rapidly at 20°C at pH 4, 7 and 9 as soon as it comes to
contact with water.
The half-life at 70°C was 27 min in pure water and 80 min in water-THF,
respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life for hydrolysis:
- 27 min
- at the temperature of:
- 70 °C
Additional information
In a pre-test for a OECD 111 study, 2,5-Furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15-20-alkenyl derivs. showed hydrolysis with water at pH 7, but no kinetic could be derived. At pH 7 and 9 foam formation was apparent preventing the determination of the hydrolysis rate. However, foam building is regarded as a consequence of the hydrolysis product alkenyl succinic acid salt, which is a general reaction of organic anhydrides at neutral and alkaline pH.
The hydrolysis of the substance under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) was investigated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of the substance and its hydrolysis product ASAcid before and after hydrolysis. Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial substance amount has hydrolyzed into alkenyl succinic acid (ASAcid).
The hydrolysis of was evaluated by dissolving the substance in pure water or in water together with tetrahydrofuran. The test solutions were mixed constantly and kept at 70 °C. Samples were taken, processed and analysed by HLC. The result showed a approximated zero-order hydrolysis rate and the half-life of 27 min in pure water and a pseudo-first order kinetic with a half-life time of 86 min in water-THF, respectively.
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