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EC number: 273-723-4 | CAS number: 69012-24-4 Electrolytic solution from electrolysis of zinc sulfate consisting primarily of zinc sulfate, manganese oxides and sulfuric acid.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- no information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable with restriction. Not according to GLP or to specific test guidelines.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A study has been conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test material to mice. Groups of 20 mice were administered CdCl2 at doses of 0, 5, 35, 70, 140, 270, 530, and 790 µmol Cd/kg bw as a single dose by gavage. The animals were then observed for mortality and clinical soigns for 10 d and thereafter sacrificed. Additionally, histological examination of the major organs was done post necropsy.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cadmium chloride
- EC Number:
- 233-296-7
- EC Name:
- Cadmium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 10108-64-2
- IUPAC Name:
- cadmium dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): CdCl2
- Impurity/additive/etc.: No information
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: CBA/Bom
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: approx. 7-8 wk
- Housing: Standard type III cages with beechwood bedding
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Rostock Mixture (KFK , Viby, Denmark), ad libitum
- Water: Ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 ± 1
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h/12h with 0.5 h twilight
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- none
- Doses:
- 0, 5, 35, 70, 140, 270, 530 and 790 µmol Cd/kg bw
Doses per time period: single dose - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 20
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Post dose observation period: 10 d
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes, on Day 10
- Other examinations performed:
Histopathology - Animals dying due to the acute toxicity of CdCl2 were also investigated histologically.
Other - Whole-body gamma counting was also performed on the test animals. - Statistics:
- No statistics reported
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 60.2 - < 89.9 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effects: irritation gastrointestinal epithelium, damage to liver and kidney, testicular necrosis
- Mortality:
- MORTALITY:
Mortality increased with increasing doses.
Number of deaths at each dose level: 0/16, 0/8, 0/7, 0/10, 2/54, 11/60 and 36/42 for the doses of 0, 5, 35, 70, 140, 270, 530 and 790 µmol/kg bw respectively. - Clinical signs:
- No information
- Body weight:
- No information
- Gross pathology:
- No Information
- Other findings:
- - Histopathology: Damage to intestinal tissues was most pronounced in the proximal parts of the intestinal tract.
- Potential target organs: Gastro-intestinal tract, liver, kidneys and testes
- Other observations: Whole body gamma-counting showed a dose dependent delay of the faecal excretion of non-absorbed cadmium (109CdCl2). This effect was attributed to decreased peristaltis and at higher doses intestinal atony due to cadmium toxicity.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Tissue damage in gastric and
intestinal epithelium, liver kidney and testes was graded
from 0 (no apparent damage) to 3 by a pathologist. Average
score for the group was then calculated and a weighted score
was determined by use of a table reported below.
Criteria used for assessment of cadmium-induced tissue damage
from histological scores
Average score in individual tissues |
Weighted score |
|
Liver Kidney Stomach ≤1.0 ≥ 1.0 ≥ 2.0 ≥2.5 |
Testes Duodenum Ileum Colon ≤ 0.5 ≥2.5 |
- + ++ +++ |
A dose-related increase in tissue damage was observed both in the gastro-intestinal tract and in liver, kidney and testes:
Cd dose (µmol/kg) N animals |
0 8 |
270 9 |
530 20 |
790 4 |
Liver Kidney Testes Stomach Duodenum Small intestine Large intestine |
- - - - - - - |
+ - - + + - - |
+ - ++ + + + - |
+ + +++ +++ ++ + - |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- toxic
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- A single oral dose of CdCl2 induced gastro-enteritis; subsequent hepatic and renal lesions were also observed. A dose-related increase in tissue
damage was observed both in gastro-intestinal tract, liver, kidneys and testes. The delayed faecal elimination also reported in this study may
significantly contribute to the development of both local and systemic toxicity in oral cadmium intoxication. The LD50 of the test material was estimated to be between 530 - 790 µmol (60.2 89.9 mg) Cd/kg bw. - Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test material to mice. No GLP or test guideline was reported.
Groups of 20 mice were administered CdCl2 at doses of 0, 5, 35, 70, 140, 270, 530, and 790 µmol Cd/kg bw (corresponding to 0, 0.6, 3.9, 7.9, 15.9, 30.7, 60.2, and 89.9 mg Cd/kg bw), as a single dose by gavage. The animals were observed for mortality and clinical signs for 10 d and thereafter sacrificed. Histological examination of the major organs was done post necropsy.
A dose-effect relation for tissue damage occurring among the surviving mice at 10 d after exposure was observed. Major effects were seen in the proximal parts of the intestinal tract. Catarrhal gastro-enteritis with hyperaemia, haemorrhagic gastro-enteritis with epithelial desquamation, or even necrosis of the entire epithelium with severe haemorrhage were observed in the stomach, duodenum, and although less severe, in the small intestine. Damage to liver and kidneys was only slight but extensive testicular necrosis was found at the highest dose. The LD50 of the test material was estimated to be between 530 - 790 µmol (60.2 - 89.9 mg) Cd/kg bw.
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