No IUPAC name is currently defined for Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distilled (“Distilled Grade”).

Acute Toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

Study conducted to OECD Guidelines and to GLP.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-[(7Z)-pentadec-7-en-1-yl]phenol; 3-[(7Z,10Z)-pentadeca-7,10,14-trien-1-yl]phenol; 3-[(7Z,10Z)-pentadeca-7,10-dien-1-yl]phenol; 3-pentadecylphenol

EC Number:

700-991-6

Cas Number:

8007-24-7

Molecular formula:

Cardanol (saturated side chain): Formula: C21 H36 O Cardanol (monoene): Formula: C21 H34 O Cardanol (diene): Formula: C21 H32 O Cardanol (triene): Formula: C21 H30 O

IUPAC Name:

3-[(7Z)-pentadec-7-en-1-yl]phenol; 3-[(7Z,10Z)-pentadeca-7,10,14-trien-1-yl]phenol; 3-[(7Z,10Z)-pentadeca-7,10-dien-1-yl]phenol; 3-pentadecylphenol

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL) Distilled (Distilled grade)
- Physical state: Dark amber liquid
- Lot/batch No.: ME-0163
- Storage condition of test material: Stored in the dark at room temperature

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Laboratories UK Limited
- Age at study initiation: 8-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: >200 g
- Housing: individually in suspended solid floor polypropylene cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-25°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Air changes (per hr): 15 changes/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour light/dark cycle

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

TEST SITE
- % coverage: 10%
- Type of wrap if used: surgical gauze


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): removal with cotton wool moistened with arachis oil
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours


TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2.16 ml/kg

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

2000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

not required

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 4 hours, once daily for fourteen days
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, gross lesions

Statistics:

Use of statistics not indicated.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Mortality:

Deaths did not occur during the study.

Clinical signs:

other: Systemic toxicity was not observed.

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were noted.

Other findings:

Very slight or well-defined erythema was noted at the test sites of all animals. Other signs of dermal irritation noted were thickening of the skin, haemorrhage of dermal capillaries, hardened light brown or dark brown/black coloured scab, small superficial scattered scabs, scab undulating, scab cracking and scab lifting at edges to reveal bleeding, dried blood, glossy skin or further deep scabbing. Adverse reactions prevented accurate evaluation of erythema and oedema at all test sites during the study.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 2: Number of animals dead [and with evident toxicity] [and time range within which mortality occurred]

 

Dose (mg/kg bw)	Conc. in vehicle (%)*	Mortality (# dead/total)			Time range of deaths (hours)	Number with evident toxicity (#/total)
		Male	Female	Combined		Male	Female	Combined
2000		0/5	0/5	0/10	-	5/5	5/5	10/10

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category IV

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Deaths did not occur in an acute dermal toxicity test in rats at 2000 mg/kg bw, therefore Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distilled (Distilled Grade) is of low acute dermal toxicity. Severe skin reactions were observed in all animals at the test substance application site.

Executive summary:

In an acute dermal toxicity study, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex) were given a single dermal dose of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distilled (Distilled Grade) at 2000 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days.

No mortality occurred in this limit test, therefore an LD50 has not been determined.

This acute study is classified as acceptable. It satisfies the guideline requirement for an acute dermal study in the rat.