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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin Irritation

Not irritating to the skin

 

Ocular Irritation

Not irritating to eyes

 

Respiratory Irritation

No studies were located to indicate that Dodecane is a respiratory irritant.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1989-12-13 to 1990-02-05
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Acceptable, well-documented study report equivalent or similar to OECD guideline 404: GLP
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
six test animals
GLP compliance:
yes
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton Research Products, Denver, PA
- Age at study initiation: ca. 15 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: ca 2.0-3.0 kg
- Housing: individual
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): restricted diet based on the recommendation of the supplier
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 37 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 65-70
- Humidity (%): 40-60
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


Type of coverage:
semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:
shaved
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
not required
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:
ca. 4 hours
Observation period:
Dermal responses were evaluated approximately 45 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours following patch removal, and on Day 7.

Body weights were recorded on the day of dosing.
Number of animals:
6
Details on study design:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back
- Type of wrap if used: gauze patch which was secured with tape, patch was loosely held in contact with the skin by means of semi-occlusive dressing


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): residual test material was removed using reverse osmosis water and paper towels.
- Time after start of exposure: 4h


SCORING SYSTEM: Draize
Irritation parameter:
erythema score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
ca. 1.56
Irritation parameter:
edema score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0
Interpretation of results:
other: Not irritating
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The mean erythema and edema scores for the test material were 1.56 and 0 respectively. Classification as a dermal irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
Executive summary:

MRD-89-520 was administered  via semi-occlusive patch for four hours to six male rabbits to assess dermal irritation.  Dermal responses were evaluated at 1, 24, 48, and 72h post-dosing and on Day 7 according to the Draize method of scoring. Dermal responses were observed in all animals.  At the 45 minute, 48 hour and 72 hour observations, three animals displayed well-defined erythema and three displayed very slight erythema.  Four animals were noted with well-defined erythema and two were noted with very slight erythema at the 24 hour observations.  At study termination (Day 7), four animals showed very slight erythema   No other dermal observations were noted during the study.  The mean erythema and edema scores for MRD-89-520 were 1.56 and 0 respectively.  Classification as a dermal irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
From 14th of November to 18th of November 1994
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: OECD guideline N°404, GLP. Six rabbits were treated. Substance identification: code name with commercial substance name. Substance analytical certificate not available in the report
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:
no
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Guideline study
GLP compliance:
not specified
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: HRP Inc, Denver, PA
- Age at study initiation: 13 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 1.99 to 2.29 kilograms
- Housing: single house
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): feed administrated limited on a daily based. New feed each day, old feed discarded.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Automatic Watering System, ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 8 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit
- Humidity (%): 40 to 60 % relative humidity
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light and 12 hours dark

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1994/11/15 To: 1994/11/18
Type of coverage:
semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:
other: electric clipped
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
not required
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 mL
- Concentration (if solution): undiluted
Duration of treatment / exposure:
4 hours
Observation period:
Dermal responses were evaluated 60 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours following patch removal.
Number of animals:
6 males
Details on study design:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: no data
- % coverage: no data
- Type of wrap if used: no data

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the test site was waped using reverse osmosis water and paper towels.
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours

SCORING SYSTEM: according to the Draize method of scoring.
Irritation parameter:
erythema score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
other: 24, 48 and 72 hours
Score:
0
Max. score:
4
Irritation parameter:
edema score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
other: 24, 48 and 72 hours
Score:
0
Max. score:
4
Irritant / corrosive response data:
Topical application of Isopar V elicited a very slight erythema at the 60 Minute observation in two animals.
All animals survived to study termination were free of clinical sign and erythema at the 24, 48 and 72 hour observations
Other effects:
No data

Table 7.3.1/1:Irritant/corrosive response data for each animal at each observation time up to removal of each animal from the test

Score at time point / Reversibility

Erythema

Edema

Max. score: 4

Max. score: 4

60 minutes

0/1/0/1/0/0

0/0/0/0/0/0

24 h

0/0/0/0/0/0

0/0/0/0/0/0

48 h

0/0/0/0/0/0

0/0/0/0/0/0

72 h

0/0/0/0/0/0

0/0/0/0/0/0

Average 24h, 48h, 72h

0.0

0.0

Reversibility*

-

-

Average time (unit) for reversion

-

-

*Reversibility: c. = completely reversible;= not completely reversible; n. = not reversible

Interpretation of results:
other: Not irritating
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
Under the test conditions, MRD-94-974 is not classified as skin irritant according to the criteria of Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC and the CLP Regulation 1272/2008.
Executive summary:

In a primary dermal irritation study conducted according to OECD guideline N°404, six young adult male New Zealand White rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of MRD-94 -974. Test sites were covered with a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 hours. The skin reactions were assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the dressing. The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times for all animals at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal.

The mean scores over 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.0 for erythema and for oedema.

Based upon the directive 67/548/EEC and the CLP Regulation 1272/2008, MRD-94-974 is not considered as irritating to the rabbit skin.

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
an in vitro skin irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin irritation study are available
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vivo
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1991
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Acceptable, well-documented study report equivalent or similar to OECD guideline 405: GLP.
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
GLP compliance:
yes
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton Research Products
- Age at study initiation: ca. 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.14-2.49 kg
- Housing: individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Agway restricted feeding regimen
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 8 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 65-70
- Humidity (%): 40-60%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1991-05-09 To: 1997-05-21
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
other: untreated eye of each animal served as the control
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:
The test material was instilled into the lower conjunctival sac of the right eye of each animal. The upper and lower lids were gently held together for approximately 1 second to prevent loss of the material. The treated eyes remained unwashed.
Observation period (in vivo):
Animals were observed for viability twice daily on Monday-Friday, and once daily on Saturday and Sunday. Observations of signs of ocular irritation were made 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-instillation and on Day 7.
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
six males
Details on study design:

SCORING SYSTEM: Draize


TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: 2% sodium fluorescein dye under UV light
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0
Remarks on result:
other: average of six animals
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0
Remarks on result:
other: average of six animals
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0
Remarks on result:
other: average of six animals
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0
Remarks on result:
other: average of six animals
Interpretation of results:
other: Not irritating
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The mean corneal opacity, iris lesion, conjunctivae redness, and chemosis scores for MRD-91-972 were all 0. Classification as an ocular irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
Executive summary:

MRD-91-972 was administered to the right eye of six male rabbits to assess for ocular irritation. Ocular examinations occurred at 1h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and day 7 post instillation. Ocular damage was assessed and scored according to the Draize eye test. All animals survived the exposure. Ocular instillation of the test material elicited conjunctival irritation limited to redness noted in five of the six test animals at the 1 hour observation.  No other signs of ocular irritation were noted during the study.  The mean corneal opacity, iris lesion, conjunctivae redness, and chemosis scores for MRD-91-972 were 0, 0, 0, and 0 respectively. Classification as an ocular irritant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
an in vitro eye irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo eye irritation study are available
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

There is no skin or eye irritation data available for Dodecane. However, data is available for structural analogues, Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics and Hydrocarbons, C14-C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics. Additionally, an eye irritation study in humans is available from structural analogue, Decane. This data is read across to based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

 

Skin Irritation

 

Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a key study (ExxonMobil, 1990), the test material (Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics) was administered via semi-occlusive patch for four hours to six male rabbits to assess dermal irritation.  Dermal responses were evaluated at 1, 24, 48, and 72h post-dosing and on Day 7 according to the Draize method of scoring. Dermal responses were observed in all animals.  At the 45 minute, 48 hour and 72 hour observations, three animals displayed well-defined erythema and three displayed very slight erythema.  Four animals were noted with well-defined erythema and two were noted with very slight erythema at the 24 hour observations.  At study termination (Day 7), four animals showed very slight erythema   No other dermal observations were noted during the study.  The mean erythema and edema scores were 1.56 and 0 respectively.

 

Hydrocarbons, C14-C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a primary dermal irritation study (ExxonMobil, 1995) conducted according to OECD Guideline 404, six young adult male New Zealand White rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of Hydrocarbons, C14-C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics. Test sites were covered with a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 hours. The skin reactions were assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the dressing. The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times for all animals at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal. The mean scores over 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.0 for erythema and for oedema.

 

Ocular Irritation

 

Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a key study (ExxonMobil, 1991), the test material (Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics) was administered to the right eye of six male rabbits to assess for ocular irritation. Ocular examinations occurred at 1h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and day 7 post instillation. Ocular damage was assessed and scored according to the Draize eye test. All animals survived the exposure. Ocular instillation of the test material elicited conjunctival irritation limited to redness noted in five of the six test animals at the 1 hour observation.  No other signs of ocular irritation were noted during the study. The mean corneal opacity, iris lesion, conjunctivae redness, and chemosis scores were 0, 0, 0, and 0 respectively.

 

Decane

In a supporting dose-response study (Kjaergaard et al., 1989) of human reactions to the indoor air pollutant n-decane was performed in a climate chamber. Sixty-three healthy subjects, randomly selected from the normal population, were exposed to n-decane concentrations of either 0, 10, 35, or 100 uL/L in a controlled, double blind study using a Latin square exposure design. The most significant findings were dose-dependent changes in irritation of mucous membranes, increased sensation of odor intensity, and reduced air quality. Adaptation was seen at the highest exposure levels, but not at the levels relevant for a non-industrial environment. The physiological measurements showed decreased tear film stability at all exposure concentrations. The number of conjunctival polymorphonuelear leucocytes increased in a dose-related manner. Predictors of the sensitivity to exposure, i.e. mucous membrane irritation threshold and skin irritation (Stingers test), were correlated to subjective ratings of odor intensity and irritation of mucous membranes.

 

Respiratory Irritation

 

No studies were located to indicate that Dodecane is a respiratory irritant.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Skin Irritation:

Based on available read across data, Dodecane does not meet the criteria for classification for skin Irritation under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

 

Ocular Irritation:

Based on available read across data, Dodecane does not meet the criteria for classification as ocular irritants under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

 

Respiratory Irritation:

There are no studies that warrant classification as a respiratory irritant under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).