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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 214-703-7 | CAS number: 1187-93-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 136.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: adjusted NAEC
- Value:
- 3 412 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- no route to route extrapolation needed
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data support the confidence in the dose descriptor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The NOAEC was determined from a sub-chronic test. Default AF for 90-day to chronic according to REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 1 is appropriate since the adjusted starting point was in mg/m3
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF for workers according to REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- guideline tests with GLP
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
There is no available data concerning effects of the test substance on humans.
An approximate lethal concentration (ALC) of 10000 ppm at which a pulmonary oedema was observed is significantly greater than that of the repeated dose toxiciy test (i.e. NOAEC: 1000 ppm) used to apply the DNEL of long-term exposure by inhalation derivation. Furthermore, as the long-term DNEL is normally sufficient to ensure that these effects do not occur, and under normal operating conditions no peak exposure is expected, the DNEL for acute effects by inhalation is not necessary. As the existing data shows the test substance is not an eye irritant, the DNEL of eye effects does not need to be derived.
As the test substance is a gas at room temperature, the test is not technically feasible through oral and dermal routes, so the DNEL for dermal and oral effects does not need to be derived. However, detailed data through inhalation route is available. A GLP test (Report No. DUPONT-20813, 2007) following OECD guideline 422 combined repeat dose toxicity study with the reproduction/development toxicity shows that exposure to the test substance did not result in adverse clinical signs or mortality. Test substance-related reductions in weight gain, food consumption, and/or food efficiency occurred in 1500 ppm males and females, however, they were transient and did not adversely affect the health of the animals. Meanwhile, test substance-related, minimal regeneration of renal tubular epithelium was observed in 1500 ppm males and females, and was accompanied by increased absolute and relative kidney weights in 1500 ppm females. However, there were no adverse or test substance-related effects on reproductive function, clinical pathology parameters, and no effects on offspring body weight, clinical observations, or survival.
In the follow-up study, a GLP 90-day inhalation study in rats conducted at 0, 80, 280 and 1000 ppm, only few clinical signs were observed, and were limited to non-adverse test substance-related effects consisting of yellow material around the urogenital area in the 280 and 1000 ppm group females and slightly lower mean body weights in the 1000 ppm group females. There were no remarkable histopathological findings in males and females at the highest dose. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was 1000 ppm.
Based on the results, the NOAEC for reproduction toxicity in the screening assay was 1500 ppm (10185,40 mg/m3), above that of systemic toxicity at 1000 ppm ( 6790.26 mg/m3). Therefore, the NOAEC of 6790.26 mg/m3 was selected as starting point for the derivation of the Long-term DNEL inhalation toxicity
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 33.95 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: adjusted NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 697.56 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- no route to route extrapolation
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data support the confidence in the dose descriptor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The NOAEC was derived from a sub-chronic test. Default AF for extrapolation from a 90-day to chronic exposure according to REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 1 is appropriate since the adjusted starting point was in mg/m3
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for general population according to REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Based on the validity of the study performed
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
The test substance is a gas at room temperature, so the test is not technically feasible through the oral and dermal routes, no exposure is normally expected and a DNEL for dermal/oral effects does not need to be derived. However, detailed data through the inhalation route is available. A GLP test (Report No. DUPONT-20813, 2007) following OECD guideline 422 showed that no test treatment-related reproductive toxicity was observed at 1500 ppm. Furthermore, no substance related adverse effects (systemic toxicity) occurred at moderate doses (60ppm, 300 ppm).
In the follow-up study, a GLP 90-day inhalation study in rats conducted at 0, 80, 280 and 1000 ppm, only few clinical signs were observed, and were limited to non-adverse test substance-related effects consisting of yellow material around the urogenital area in the 280 and 1000 ppm group females and slightly lower mean body weights in the 1000 ppm group females. There were no remarkable histopathological findings in males and females at the highest dose. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was 1000 ppm.
Based on the available animal data, the NOAEC for reproduction toxicity in the screening assay was 1500 ppm (10185.40 mg/m3), above that of systemic toxicity at 1000 ppm (6790.26 mg/m3) observed in the 90-day study. Therefore, the NOAEC of 6790.26 mg/m3 was selected as starting point for the derivation of the Long-term DNEL inhalation toxicity.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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