Oxydipropyl dibenzoate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The results of the oral, dermal and inhalation studies indicate that DPGDB is not classified for acute toxicity.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

25 February 1997 - 25 March 1997

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 798.1175 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.1 (Acute Toxicity (Oral))

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japan Ministry of International Trade and Industry MITI Directive concerning the conduct of acute toxicity studies

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F. Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals 81-1 Acute oral toxicity study (Revised Edition November 1984). Subdivision F provides detailed information relating to data requirements of 40 CFR Part 158.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan UK Ltd, Bicester, Oxon, England
- Age at study initiation: approximately 7 to 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 200 to 249 g
- Fasting period before study: Animals were fasted overnight before dosing and for approximately 4 hours after dosing.
- Housing: Housed in groups of up to five rats of the same sex in metal cages with wire mesh floors
- Diet: A standard laboratory rodent diet provided ad libitum
- Water: Drinking water was provided ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19.5 to 23°C
- Humidity (%): 38-57% RH
- Air changes (per hr): 10 to 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light per 24 hour period

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 25 February 1997 To: 25 March 1997

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: Not applicable - administered as supplied by sponsor.


MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 5.714 mL/kg (6400 mg/kg group)

Doses:

3200 mg/kg (Preliminary test, one animal per sex)
2000, 3200, 5000 and 6400 mg/kg (main test groups - 5 animals per sex per group, except 3200 mg/kg : 5 females only, 6400 mg/kg : 5 males only).

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5, except for the dose rates of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg for which 10 rats were used, 5 female and 5 male.

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Observations (clinical signs) taken frequently on day of dosing then twice daily for remainder of
observation period. Bodyweights recorded on days 1 (day of dosing), 8, and 15, or on death.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, macroscopic pathology.

Statistics:

The acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) to male and female rats was calculated using the method of Finney [FINNEY, D.J. (1971) Probit Analysis, 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge]

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

5 072 mg/kg bw

95% CL:

4 455 - 5 774

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

3 295 mg/kg bw

95% CL:

2 857 - 3 801

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

3 914 mg/kg bw

95% CL:

2 957 - 4 844

Mortality:

Two females at 3200 mg/kg, two males and all females at 5000 mg/kg and all males at 6400 mg/kg died during the study. All deaths occurred within three days of dosing.

Clinical signs:

Refer to full list of clinical signs in "Remarks on results" section, below.

Body weight:

All surviving rats were considered to have achieved satisfactory bodyweight gains throughout the study.

Gross pathology:

Macroscopic examination of males at 5000 mg/kg that survived treatment and killed at study termination revealed congestion (characterised by dark tissue and prominent blood vessels) in the brain. No abnormalities were observed among all other animals surviving treatment and killed at study termination.

Piloerection was observed in all rats within fifteen minutes of dosing. This sign persisted and was accompanied in rats later during the study by;hunched posture, waddling/unsteady gait, lethargy and pallor of the extremities in all rats;partially closed eyelids in three males at 2000 mg/kg four females at 3200 mg/kg, in all rats at 5000 mg/kg and in all males at 6400 mg/kg; increased salivation in all males at 2000 mg/kg, one female at 3200 mg/kg. all rats at 5000 mg/kg and three males at 6400 mg/kg; walking on toes in all rats at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg and four females at 3200 mg/kg; ungroomed appearance in all males at 2000 and 6400 mg/kg, four females at 3200 mg/kg and in all rats at 5000 mg/kg; respiratory distress (characterised by increased or decreased respiration) in all males at 2000 mg/kg, four females at 3200 mg/kg and in all rats at 5000 mg/kg; soft to liquid faeces in one female at 2000 mg/kg; clonic convulsions in three males at 5000 mg/kg; increased lacrimation and body tremors in three females at 3200 mg/kg and all rats at 5000 mg/kg; cold body surfaces in three males and all females at 2000 mg/kg, four females at 3200 mg/kg and all rats at 5000 mg/kg; prostration in one female at 3200 mg/kg and two males and two females at 5000 mg/kg; red brown stain around the muzzle in four females at 3200 mg/kg and two males and one female at 5000 mg/kg; red brown stain around the urogenital area in three females at 3200 mg/kg and one male at 5000 mg/kg; sensitivity to handling in four females at 3200 mg/kg and two males at 5000 mg/kg; aggressive behaviour to cagemates in three females at 3200 mg/kg; brown staining on dorsal area in three females at 3200 mg/kg; Recovery of surviving rats was complete with the exception of piloerection, by either Day 4 (females 2000 mg/kg), Day 5 males (2000 mg/kg), Day 8 (males 5000 mg/kg) or Day 15 (females 3200 mg/kg).

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information According to Directive 67/548/EEC Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) and 95% confidence limits to male and female rats of DPGDB were calculated to be:
Males only: 5072 (4455 to 5774) mg/kg bodyweight
Females only: 3295 (2857 to 3801) mg/kg bodyweight
Combined sexes: 3914 (2957 to 4844) mg/kg bodyweight.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the acute oral toxicity of the test material DPGDB when administered to rats. The study was conducted according to OECD, EC, EPA, OECD and Japanese (MITI) test guidelines, and in compliance with GLP.

In the definitive test, ten rats (five male and five female) were dosed at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bodyweight. Five females were dosed at 3200 mg/kg bodyweight and five males were dosed at 6400 mg/kg bodyweight. Doses were administered by oral gavage. Observations were taken for 14 days following dosing, and macroscopic pathology was performed on all animals.

Two females at 3200 mg/kg, two males and all females at 5000 mg/kg and all males at 6400 mg/kg died during the study. All deaths occurred within three days of dosing. Macroscopic examination revealed a generalised congestion in the majority of organs and tissues. Macroscopic examination of males at 5000 mg/kg that survived treatment and killed at study termination revealed congestion characterised by dark tissue and prominent blood vessels in the brain. No abnormalities were observed among all other animals surviving treatment and were killed at study termination.

 

The acute median lethal oral doses (LD50) to male and female rats of DPGDB were calculated to be: 5072 mg/kg bodyweight (males), 3295 mg/kg bodyweight (females), and 3914 mg/kg bodyweight (both sexes).

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

3 914 mg/kg bw

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Not reported

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

The study was not conducted to a specific test guideline, no claim of GLP complaince was included in the test report, and the level of detail provided in the report was lacking for certain aspects or the study, so the study cannot be considered reliable without restrictions. The methodology described does, however, seem essentialy reliable.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Five male and five female rats were exposed to an atmosphere containing the test material for 4 hours. During the exposure period the rats were observed for changes in appearance or behaviour, and after the exposure period they were observed for pharmacodynamic or toxic signs. The rats were observed for 14 days following the exposure period, then any surviving animals were sacrificed.

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Spartan

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: Not reported
- Weight at study initiation: 212 to 235 g
- Housing: Rats were housed in groups of 5 in metal cages above the droppings.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Laboratory Chow was available ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Water was available ad libitum.


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): Temperature was controlled (note that the temperature range was not reported)
- Humidity (%): Humidity was controlled (note that the humidity range was not reported)

Route of administration:

inhalation: aerosol

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other: unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Sealed glass chamber, test material addition controlled by a Dual Syringe Feeder.
- Exposure chamber volume: 59.1 L

TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: None reported

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

not specified

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

Approximately 200 mg/L. of DPGDB

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: During the 4 hour exposure to the test compound the rats were observed continuously for changes in behavior and or appearance.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

> 200 mg/L air

Exp. duration:

4 h

Remarks on result:

other: No deaths seen during exposure or observation periods

Mortality:

All the rats exposed to DPGDB for the 4-hour exposure duration survived until the end of the observation period.

Clinical signs:

other: Signs seen during the 4 hour exposure period included decreased motor activity, eye squint, erythema, clear nasal discharge, salivation, lacrimation, tachypnea and slight dyspnea. In addition, at the termination of the exposure period both ocular and

Body weight:

All rats exhibited normal body weight gains during the study period.

Gross pathology:

None.

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information According to Directive 67/548/EEC Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

No deaths were seen in rats exposed to a 200 mg/L atmosphere of DPGDB in air for four hours. On this basis, DPGDB would not be considered a toxic material by the inhalation route of administration.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the acute inhalation toxicity of the test material DPGDB when administered to rats. The study, conducted in 1975, was not performed according to any specific testing guideline, and not in compliance with GLP.

The acute inhaled toxicity assessment was performed in groups of five female and five male rats, exposed to a whole-body aerosol atmosphere containing approximately 200 mg/L. of DPGDB for four hours, then observed for 14 days post exposure.  Clinical signs seen during the 4 hour exposure period included decreased motor activity, eye squint, erythema, clear nasal discharge, salivation, lacrimation, tachypnea and slight dyspnea.  In addition, at the termination of the exposure period both ocular and nasal porphyrin discharge, flaccidity and ataxia were observed.

At 24 hours and for the remainder of the 14 day observation period, several rats exhibited flaccidity. Other signs recorded during the study period were; hypersensitivity to touch in two rats at 24 through 72 hours and in one rat at 4 days.

Ataxia was present in one or two rats at 24 through 72 hours and 6, 12, 13 and 14 days. Drying of the corneal surface in one rat at 6, and 7 days; corneal opacity in one to three rats from 7 through 14 days, and chemosis in one or two rats from 9 through 12 days.

Lacrimation in a few rats at 7, 8 and 9 days and clear nasal discharge in a few rats at 9, 10, 11 and 14 days.

None of the rats exposed to the test material died during the course of the observation period. On this basis, DPGDB would not be considered a toxic material by the inhalation route of administration.

 

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Value:

200 000 mg/m³

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16 July 1997 - 30 July 1997

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 798.1100 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.3 (Acute Toxicity (Dermal))

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japan Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Directive, concerning the conduct of acute toxicity studies.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan UK Ltd, Bicester, Oxon, England
- Age at study initiation: seven to eight weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 232 to 257 g
- Housing: Housed individually in metal cages with wire mesh floors
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Standard laboratory rodent diet, Special Diet Services RM1(E) SQC expanded pellet, available ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Drinking water was made available ad libitum
- Acclimation period: A minimum of six days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 to 24.5°C
- Humidity (%): 45 - 63%
- Air changes (per hr): 10 to 15
- Photoperiod: 12 hourrs per 24 hour period

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 16 July 1997 To: 30 July 1997

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: approimately 50 x 50 mm.
- % coverage: Approximately 10% of the total body surface area
- Type of wrap if used: Porous gauze held in place with a non-irritating dressing further covered by a waterproof dressing


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): The skin was washed with warm water (30 to 40°C), then blotted dry with absorbent paper
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours


TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2000 mg/kg bw
- Constant volume or concentration used: no (variable amount depending on bodyweight of test animal)

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

Single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Observations for mortality and clinical signs were performed at least twice daily. Body weights were recorded on days 1 (Prior to dosing), 8, and 15.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, macroscopic pathology

Preliminary study:

None

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Mortality:

There were no deaths following a single dermal application of dose of DPGDB to a group of ten rats (five males and five females) at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.

Clinical signs:

There were no signs of systemic reaction to treatment observed in any animal throughout the study.

Body weight:

A slightly low bodyweight gain was recorded for one female on Day 8. All other rats were considered to have achieved satisfactory bodyweight gains throughout the study.

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were recorded at the macroscopic examination on Day 15.

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information According to Directive 67/548/EEC Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The acute lethal dermal dose to rats of DPGDB was demonstrated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the acute dermal toxicity of the test material DPGDB when administered to rats. The study was conducted according to OECD, EC, US EPA, and Japanese (MITI) test guidelines, and in compliance with GLP.

Ten rats (five males and five females) were exposed to a single 2000 mg/kg dose of DPGDB by the dermal route for 24 hours, then observed for 14 days following test material removal. 

No rats died during the observation period and no clinical or pathological signs were observed. No dermal response to treatment was observed in any animal. No abnormalities were observed during macroscopic examination at study termination.

The acute lethal dermal dose to rats of DPGDB was demonstrated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Additional information

Acute oral toxicity

A study was performed to assess the acute oral toxicity of the test material DPGDB when administered to rats. The study was conducted to any EU, EPA, OECD and Japanese MITI test guidelines, and in compliance with GLP .

In the definitive test, ten rats (five male and five female) were dosed at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bodyweight. Five females were dosed at 3200 mg/kg bodyweight and five males were dosed at 6400 mg/kg bodyweight. Observations were taken for 14 days following dosing, and macroscopic pathology was performed on all animals.

The acute median lethal oral doses (LD50) to male and female rats of DPGDB were calculated to be: 5072 mg/kg bodyweight (males), 3295 mg/kg bodyweight (females), and 3914 mg/kg bodyweight (both sexes).

 

Two studies on rats and on mice support this result :

The acute oral toxicity assessment was performed in groups of five female and five male albino rats, dosed with 1281, 2034, 3229, 5126, 8137 and 12,918 mg/kg of DPGDB suspended in corn oil, then observed for 14 days post exposure. The acute oral toxicity (LD50) was found to be 5368 mg/kg bodyweight in males, 4068 mg/kg bodyweight in females, and 4673 mg/kg bodyweight to both sexes combined.

 

The acute oral toxicity assessment was performed in groups of five female and five male albino mice, dosed with 807, 1281, 2034, 3229, 5126 and 8137 mg/kg bw suspended in corn oil, then observed for 14 days post exposure. The acute oral toxicity (LD50) was found to be 4894 mg/kg bodyweight in males, 4068 mg/kg bodyweight in females, and 4462 mg/kg bodyweight to both sexes combined.

 

Acute inhalation toxicity

The acute inhaled toxicity assessment was performed in groups of five female and five male rats, exposed to a whole-body aerosol atmosphere containing approximately 200 mg/L. of DPGDB for four hours, then observed for 14 days post exposure.  Clinical signs seen during the 4 hour exposure period included decreased motor activity, eye squint, erythema, clear nasal discharge, salivation, lacrimation, tachypnea and slight dyspnea.  In addition, at the termination of the exposure period both ocular and nasal porphyrin discharge, flaccidity and ataxia were observed.

At 24 hours and for the remainder of the 14 day observation period, several rats exhibited flaccidity. Other signs recorded during the study period were; hypersensitivity to touch in two rats at 24 through 72 hours and in one rat at 4 days.

Ataxia was present in one or two rats at 24 through 72 hours and 6, 12, 13 and 14 days. Drying of the corneal surface in one rat at 6, and 7 days; corneal opacity in one to three rats from 7 through 14 days, and chemosis in one or two rats from 9 through 12 days.

Lacrimation in a few rats at 7, 8 and 9 days and clear nasal discharge in a few rats at 9, 10, 11 and 14 days.

None of the rats exposed to the test material died during the course of the observation period. On this basis, DPGDB would not be considered a toxic material by the inhalation route of administration.

 

 

Acute dermal toxicity

An acute dermal toxicity study in rats was performed to determine the toxicity by dermal exposure of the test material, DPGDB. The study was conducted according to international test guidelines, and in compliance with GLP .

Ten rats (five males and five females) were exposed to a 2000 mg/kg dose of DPGDB by the dermal route for 24 hours, then observed for 14 days following test material removal.

No rats died during the observation period, and no clinical or pathological signs were observed. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the acute lethal dermal dose to rats of DPGDB was demonstrated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.

 

A second study supports this result : The acute dermal toxicity assessment was performed on two male and two female New Zealand White rabbits, exposed dermally to 2000mg/kg of DPGDB for a period of 24 hours, then observed for 14 days post exposure.

None of the rabbits exposed to the test material died during the course of the observation period. On this basis, DPGDB would not be considered a toxic material by the dermal route of administration.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The results of the oral, dermal and inhalation studies indicate that DPGDB is not classified for acute toxicity.