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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Subchronic dermal and oral as well as subacute inhalative data are available for the determination of the repeated dose toxicity:


oral


Under the conditions of an OECD 422 combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproductive/developmental screening test in Wistar rats, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for general systemic toxicity, fertility and reproductive performance and for developmental toxicity in the offspring was 15000 ppm for male (about 793 mg/kg bw/d) and female (about 1175 mg/kg bw/d) Wistar rats, the highest concentration tested. The study was performed as a dose-range-finding-study before an OECD 443. In the subsequent oral extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study (OECD 443) the NOAEL for general, systemic toxicity is 340 mg/kg bw/d, based on clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during lactation, in the F0 parental animals as well as adolescent and adult F1 offspring.


 


inhalation


In a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD 422) the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for general systemic toxicity as well as reproductive performance, fertility and developmental toxicity in male and female Wistar rats was 40 mg/m³. The NOAEC for local signs of toxicity in male and female Wistar rats was 4 mg/m³.


 


dermal


In a subchronic dermal study following OECD test guideline 411 dermal irritation was noted at the lowest dose tested (17 mg/kg/day). The NOAEL for systemic toxicity was determined to be 175 mg/kg/day (highest dose tested).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity: oral, other
Remarks:
extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
july 2019 - november 2020
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD Guideline 443 (Extended One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study)
Version / remarks:
25 Jun 2018
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Landesamt für Umwelt, Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße 7, 55116 Mainz
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
TEST MATERIAL
- CAS No.: 929-06-6
- Batch identification: 22057368E0
- Purity: 99.4 area % corrected with the water content
- Homogeneity: Given (visually)
- Storage stability: Expiry date: 06 Apr 2021. The stability of the test substance under storage conditions over the test period was guaranteed by the sponsor, and the sponsor holds this responsibility.
- Physical state/Appearance: Liquid / colorless clear
- Storage conditions: Room temperature; under N2
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Details on species / strain selection:
Crl:WI(Han)
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: (P) 35 (±1) days
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: means 121.9 - 122.3 g; Females: means 97.9 - 99.5 g
- Fasting period before study: no.
- Fasting period before blood sampling: 16 hours.
- Housing: During the study period, the rats were housed together in Polysulfonate cages supplied by TECHNIPLAST, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany and Becker & Co., Castrop-Rauxel, Germany, with the following exceptions: During overnight matings, male and female mating partners were housed together in Polycarbonate cages type III (supplied by TECHNIPLAST, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany and Becker & Co., Castrop-Rauxel, Germany). Dams and their litters were housed together until PND 21 in Polycarbonate cages type III. Females after weaning were housed individually in Polycarbonate cages type III.
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 8 days.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24°C
- Humidity (%): 45 - 65%
- Air changes (per hr): 15 times per hour.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours (12 hours light from 6.00 h to 18.00 h and 12 hours darkness from 18.00 h to 06.00 h).
Route of administration:
oral: feed
Vehicle:
water
Details on oral exposure:
DIET PREPARATION
The required quantity of test substance was weighed in a beaker depending on the dose group and thoroughly mixed with a small amount of food. Then further amounts of food were added to this premix and thoroughly mixed for 3 minutes. Afterwards, further amounts of food, depending on the dose group, were added to this premix in order to obtain the desired concentrations. Mixing of this final mix was carried out for about 10 minutes in a laboratory mixer.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Remarks:
The observed concentrations of the test substance correspond with the expected concentrations by recoveries between 90 and 96%, and demonstrated the correctness of the diet preparations
Duration of treatment / exposure:
P: 132 days,
F1 A: 66 days,
F1 B: 60 days
Frequency of treatment:
daily
Dose / conc.:
113 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
1250 ppm
Dose / conc.:
340 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
3750 ppm
Dose / conc.:
1 129 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
12500 ppm
No. of animals per sex per dose:
25 per sex and dose
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Positive control:
no
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
PARENTAL ANIMALS:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes.
- Time schedule: at least once daily.
- Mortality: A check for moribund or dead animals was made twice daily on working days or once daily (Saturday, Sunday or on public holidays). If animals were in a moribund state, they were sacrificed and necropsied.
- Clinical observations: A cageside examination was conducted at least once daily for any signs of morbidity, pertinent behavioral changes and signs of overt toxicity. Abnormalities and changes were documented daily for each animal and reported. The parturition and lactation behavior of the dams was generally evaluated in the mornings in combination with the daily clinical inspection of the dams. Only particular findings (e.g. disability to deliver) were documented on an individual dam basis. On weekdays (except Saturday, Sunday and public holidays) the parturition behavior of the dams was inspected in the afternoons in addition to the evaluations in the mornings. The day of parturition was considered the 24-hour period from about 15.00 h of one day until about 15.00 h of the following day.


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes.
- Detailed clinical observations (DCO) were performed in all F0 parental animals once before the administration and supsequently once per week and in cohorts 1A and 1B at weekly intervals during the administration period. The examinations started in the morning. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable.
- Parameters assessed: Abnormal behavior in handling, Fur, Skin, Posture, Salivation, Respiration, Activity/arousal level, Tremors, Convulsions, Abnormal movements, Gait abnormalities, Lacrimation, Palpebral closure, Exophthalmos (Protruding eyeball), Assessment of the feces excreted during the examination (appearance/consistency), Assessment of the urine excreted during the examination, Pupil size.


BODY WEIGHT: Yes.
- In general, the body weight of the male and female F0 parental animals and F1 rearing animals was determined once a week at the same time of the day (in the morning), with the following exceptions. During pregnancy, body weight of the F0 females with evidence of sperm was determined weekly for GD 0, 7, 14 and 20. During lactation, body weight of the F0 and F1 females, which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 21. The body weight change of the animals was calculated from these results. Body weight was not determined in the F0 females without positive evidence of sperm during mating and gestation periods, in the females without litter during lactation period and in the females after weaning.


FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes.
- Food consumption: Generally, food consumption was determined once a week for male and female F0 parental animals and F1 rearing animals, with the following exceptions. Food consumption was not determined after the 10th premating week (male F0 animals) and during the mating period (male and female F0 parental animals). During pregnancy, food consumption of the F0 females with evidence of sperm was determined weekly for GD 0-7, 7-14 and 14-20. During lactation, food consumption of the F0 females, which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 1-4, 4-7, 7-10, 10-14, 14-18 and 18-21. Food consumption was not determined in the F0 females without positive evidence of sperm during mating and gestation periods, in the females without litter during lactation period and in females after weaning.
- Intake of test substance: The intake of test substance was calculated from the amount of food consumed and expressed in mg/kg body weight per day (mg/kg bw/d). The calculation of the group values/day was carried out according to the following formula:
ITx = FCx x C/ BWy
with
ITx = Intake of test substance on day x in mg/kg bw/d
FCx = Daily food consumption on day x in grams
C = Concentration in ppm
BWy = Body weight on day y in grams (last weighing before day x)
- The values are group means determined from daily intakes of test substance by the individual animals. The means represent interpolated values from the beginning and end of each respective test week.
- Additionally, a weighted mean of mean over all mean substance intakes throughout all study phases, across all cohorts, and both sexes are calculated considering the different time period of phases.


MALE REPRODUCTION DATA
- The pairing partners, the number of mating days until vaginal sperm was detected in the female animals, and the gestational status of the females were recorded for F0 breeding pairs.
- For the males, mating and fertility indices were calculated for F1 litters according to the following formulas:

Male mating index (%) = number of males with confirmed mating* x 100 / number of males placed with females

* defined by a female with vaginal sperm or with implants in utero

Male fertility index (%) = number of males proving their fertility* x 100 / number of males placed with females

* defined by a female with implants in utero


FEMALE REPRODUCTION AND DELIVERY DATA
- The pairing partners, the number of mating days until vaginal sperm were detected, and gestational status were recorded for F0 females.
- For the females, mating, fertility and gestation indices were calculated for F1 litters according to the following formulas:

Female mating index (%) = number of females mated* x 100 / number of females placed with males

* defined as the number of females with vaginal sperm or with implants in utero

Female fertility index (%) = number of females pregnant* x 100 / number of females mated**

* defined as the number of females with implants in utero
** defined as the number of females with vaginal sperm or with implants in utero

Gestation index (%) = number of females with live pubs on the day of birth* x 100 / number of females pregnant*

* defined as the number of females with implants in utero

The total number of pups delivered and the number of liveborn and stillborn pups were noted, and the live birth index was calculated for F1 litters according to the following formula:

Live birth index (%) = number of liveborn pubs at birth* x 100 / total number of pubs born

The implantations were counted2 and the postimplantation loss (in %) was calculated according the following formula:

Postimplantation loss (%) =(number of implantations – number of pups delivered)* x 100 / number of implantations


CLINICAL PATHOLOGY IN F0 PARENTAL ANIMALS
- Samples were withdrawn from 10 F0 parental males and females per group at
termination.
- Blood samples were taken from animals by puncturing the retrobulbar venous plexus following isoflurane anesthesia.
- Blood sampling and blood examinations were carried out in a randomized sequence. The list of randomization instructions was compiled with a computer.
- In the afternoon preceding the day of urinalysis, the animals were individually transferred into metabolism cages (no food or drinking water provided); on the following morning, the individual urine specimens were examined in a randomized sequence (the list of randomization instructions was compiled with a computer).
- The assays of blood and serum parameters were performed under internal laboratory quality control conditions with reference controls to assure reliable test results.
- The results of clinical pathology examinations were expressed in International System (SI) units. The following parameters will be examined:


HEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


HORMONES: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


URINANALYSIS: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


SPERM PARAMETERS: Yes
- Various sperm parameters (motility, sperm head count, morphology) were assessed in the F0 generation males at scheduled sacrifice or after appropriate staining
- After the organ weight determination, the following parameters were determined in the right testis or right epididymis of all male F0 parental animals and all cohort 1A males sacrificed on schedule
- Sperm parameter investigations were carried out in a randomized sequence.
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"

OESTROUS CYCLICITY
- Estrous cycle length was evaluated by daily analysis of vaginal smear for all F0 female parental rats for a minimum of 3 weeks prior to mating. Determination was continued throughout the pairing period until the female exhibited evidence of copulation.



LITTER OBSERVATIONS:

STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: yes.


PUB NUMBER AND STATUS OF DELIVERY
- All pups delivered from the F0 parents (F1 litter) were examined as soon as possible on the day of birth to determine the total number of pups, the sex and the number of liveborn and stillborn pups in each litter.
- At the same time, the pups were also being examined for macroscopically evident changes.
- Pups, which died before this initial examination, were defined as stillborn pups.


PUP VIABILITY/MORTALITY
- In general, a check was made for any dead or moribund pups twice daily on workdays (once in the morning and once in the afternoon) or as a rule, only in the morning on Saturdays, Sundays or public holidays.
- Dead pups were evaluated via necropsy.
- The number and percentage of dead pups on the day of birth (PND 0) and of pups dying between PND 1-4, 5-7, 8-14 and 15-21 (lactation period) were determined; however, pups, which died accidentally or had to be sacrificed due to maternal death, were not included in these calculations.
- The number of live pups/litter was calculated on the day after birth, and on lactation days 4, 7, 14, and 21.
- Furthermore, viability and lactation indices were calculated according to the following formulas:

Viability index (%) = number of live pubs on day 4* after birth x 100 / number of live pubs on day of birth

* before standardization of litters (i.e. before culling)

Lactation index (%) = number of live pups on day 21 after birth x 100 / nuSmber of live pups on day 4* after birth

* after standardization of litters (i.e. after culling)


SEX RATIO
- On the day of birth (PND 0) the sex of the pups was determined by observing the distance between the anus and the base of the genital tubercle; normally, the anogenital distance is considerably greater in male than in female pups.
- Later, during the course of lactation, this initial sex determination was followed up by surveying the external appearance of the anogenital region and the mammary line. The sex of the pups was finally confirmed at necropsy.
- The sex ratio was calculated at PND 0 and PND 21 according to the following formula:

Sex ratio = number of live male or female pups on PND 0 and 21 * 100 / number of live male and female pups on PND 0 and 21


PUP CLINICAL OBSERVATION
- The live pups were examined daily for clinical symptoms (including gross-morphological findings) during the clinical inspection of the dams. If pups showed particular findings, these were documented with the dam concerned.


NIPPLE/AEROLA ANLAGEN
- All surviving male pups were examined for the presence of nipple/areola anlagen on PND 13 and were re-examined on PND 20.
- The number of nipple/areola anlagen were counted.


PUP BODY WEIGHT DATA
- The pups were weighed on the day after birth (PND 1) and on PND 4 (before standardization), 7, 14 and 21.
- Pups' body weight change was calculated from these results.
- The individual weights were always determined at about the same time of the day (in the morning) and on PND 4 immediately before standardization of the litters.


ANOGENITAL DISTANCE
- Anogenital distance (AGD) is defined as the distance from the center of the anal opening to the base of the genital tubercle. AGD was determined in all live male and female pups on PND 1.
- These measurements were performed in randomized order, using a measuring ocular.
- They were conducted by technicians unaware of treatment group in order to minimize bias.


ANOGENITAL INDEX
- The anogenital index was calculated according to the following formula:

Anogenital index = anogenital distance [mm] / cubic root of pub weight [g]


PUP NECROPSY OBSERVATIONS
- On PND 4, as a result of standardization, all surplus F1 pups were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia and blood was sampled for determination of serum thyroid hormone concentrations.
- After sacrifice, these pups were examined externally, eviscerated and their organs were assessed macroscopically.
- On PND 22, the surplus F1 generation pups that were not used for the formation of the cohorts or any investigations were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia with CO2 and were examined in the pathology lab.
- The selected pups for hormone analyses were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia in the pathology lab and blood was sampled for thyroid
hormone analyses.
- Pups showing clinical symptoms or gross-morphological findings were examined using appropriate methods. Organs/tissues with gross morphological findings were preserved in a suitable manner for potential histopathological examination.
- All F1 pups which were not used for other purposes without any notable findings were discarded after their macroscopic evaluation.


PREMATURELY DEAD OR SACRIFICED PUPS
- Pups that died or were sacrificed in a moribund state were eviscerated and examined for possible defects and/or the cause of death using appropriate methods. These animals were preserved for this purpose, if necessary.


SEXUAL MATURATION: VAGINAL OPENING
- All female F1 pups selected to become the F1 rearing animals (cohort 1A and 1B) were evaluated daily for vaginal patency beginning on PND 27.
- On the day of vaginal opening the body weights of the respective animals were determined.


SEXUAL MATURATION: PREPUTIAL SEPARATION
- All male F1 pups selected to become the F1 rearing animals (cohort 1A and 1B) were evaluated daily for preputial separation beginning on PND 38.
- On the day of preputial separation the body weights of the respective animals were determined.


CLINICAL PATHOLOGY IN F0 PARENTAL ANIMALS
- Samples were withdrawn from 10 cohort 1A males and females per group at
termination.
- Blood samples were taken from animals by puncturing the retrobulbar venous plexus following isoflurane anesthesia.
- Blood sampling and blood examinations were carried out in a randomized sequence. The list of randomization instructions was compiled with a computer.
- In the afternoon preceding the day of urinalysis, the animals were individually transferred into metabolism cages (no food or drinking water provided); on the following morning, the individual urine specimens were examined in a randomized sequence (the list of randomization instructions was compiled with a computer).
- The assays of blood and serum parameters were performed under internal laboratory quality control conditions with reference controls to assure reliable test results.
- The results of clinical pathology examinations were expressed in International System (SI) units. The following parameters will be examined:


HEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


HORMONES: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


URINANALYSIS: Yes
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"


SPERM PARAMETERS: Yes
- After the organ weight determination, the following parameters were determined in the right testis or right epididymis of all male F0 parental animals and all cohort 1A males sacrificed on schedule
- Sperm parameter investigations were carried out in a randomized sequence.
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"

HORMONES IN PND 4 AND 22 F1-OFFSPRING: BLOOD SAMPLING
- Blood samples were withdrawn from 10 surplus (culled) PND 4 offspring (as far as possible of different litters) per sex and group.
- PND 4 samples were pooled per sex and litter if the available amount is not sufficient for a hormone analysis.
- Blood samples were withdrawn from 10 surplus PND 22 offspring (as far as possible of different litters) per sex and group.
- The blood samples were collected after decapitation (following isoflurane anesthesia) from the Vena cava cranialis.


HORMONES IN PND 4 AND 22 F1-OFFSPRING: HORMONES
- The concentrations of TSH were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), using commercially available RIA test kits and a Gamma-Counter (LB 2111, Berthold, Germany).
- T4 ELISA was measured with a Sunrise MTP-reader, Tecan AG, Maennedorf, Switzerland, and evaluated with the Magellan-Software of the instrument producer.
- Parameters listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
Sacrifice and pathology:
PARENTAL ANIMALS:

NECROPSY
- All F0 generation parental animals were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
- The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology; special attention being given to the reproductive organs.
- Moribund animals were sacrificed, necropsied and assessed by gross pathology as soon as possible after their death.


ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in all animals sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals (final body weight), Adrenal glands (fixed), Brain, Cauda epididymis, Epididymides, Heart, Kidneys, Liver, Ovaries, Pituitary gland (fixed), Prostate (ventral and dorsolateral part together, fixed), Testes, Seminal vesicles including coagulating glands (fixed), Spleen, Thymus (fixed), Thyroid glands (with parathyroid glands) (fixed), Uterus with cervix.
- All paired organs were weighed together (left and right).


ORGAN TISSUE FIXATION
- The following organs or tissues were fixed in 4% neutral-buffered formaldehyde solution or in modified Davidson’s solution: All gross lesions, Adrenal glands, Bone marrow (femur), Brain, Cecum, Cervix, Coagulating glands, Colon, Duodenum, Epididymis, left (fixed in modified Davidson´s solution), Esophagus, Eyes with optic nerve (fixed in modified Davidson’s solution), Heart, Ileum, Jejunum (with Peyer’s patches), Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, Lymph nodes/axillary, Lymph nodes/mesenteric, Mammary gland (male and female), Ovaries (fixed in modified Davidson´s solution), Oviducts, Pancreas, Pituitary gland, Prostate, Rectum, Sciatic nerve, Seminal vesicles, Skeletal muscle, Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord), Spleen, Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach), Testis, left (fixed in modified Davidson ´s solution), Thymus, Thyroid glands (with parathyroid glands), Trachea, Urinary bladder, Uterus, Vagina, Vas deferens.
- The ovaries and eyes with optic nerve of animals that were sacrificed intercurrently were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde solution.
- The left testis and left epididymis of all male F0 parental animals sacrificed at scheduled dates were fixed in modified Davidson’s solution, whereas the right testis and epididymis were used for sperm parameters analysis.
- For technical reasons, after about 24 hours fixation the ovaries of all F0 females of all test groups were transferred to 70% ethanol.
- The uteri of all cohabited female F0 generation parental animals were examined for the presence and number of implantation sites. The uteri of apparently nonpregnant animals or empty uterus horns were placed in 1% ammonium sulfide solutions for about 5 minutes in order to be able to identify early resorptions or implantations. Then the uteri were rinsed carefully in physiologic salt solution (0.9% NaCl). When the examinations were completed, the uteri were transferred to the Pathology Laboratory for further processing.


HISTOPATHOLOGY
- Organs listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
- The organs were trimmed according to the “Revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice” (Ruehl-Fehlert et al., 2003; Kittel et al., 2004; Morawietz et al., 2004).
- The kidneys of males No. 10, 80 and 87 were exemplarily stained immunohistochemically with an antibody against alpha-2u microglobulin.
- For technical reasons, the left testis, left epididymis, and the eyes with optic nerves of all animals of the F0 parental control and high dose groups sacrificed at scheduled dates were embedded in paraplast after fixation. For the same reason, the ovaries of all F0 females in all test groups were embedded in paraplast.
- A correlation between gross lesions and histopathological findings was attempted. Special attention was given to stages of spermatogenesis in the male gonads.
- Special attention was also given to the synchrony of the morphology in ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina to the estrous cycle status. Whenever in the ovary the diagnosis: ”no abnormalities detected” was used, that implies that all different, stages of functional bodies (especially corpora lutea) were present and normal.
- Animals No. 119 and 194 that were sacrificed in a moribund state were processed histotechnically and assessed like control animals.
- Reproductive organs of all F0 animals suspected of reduced fertility (maited pairs Nos. 148/48 and 159/59) were subjected to histopathological investigation.




PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF F1 GENERATION, REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A:

NECROPSY
- All F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1A animals were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
- The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology; special attention being given to the reproductive organs.
- Moribund animals were sacrificed, necropsied and assessed by gross pathology as soon as possible after their death.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in all animals sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals (final body weight), Adrenal glands (fixed), Brain, Cauda epididymis, Epididymides, Heart, Kidneys, Liver, Lymph nodes, axillary (10 animals per sex per group, cohort 1A animals only), Lymph nodes, mesenteric (10 animals per sex per group, cohort 1A animals only), Ovaries, Pituitary gland (fixed), Prostate (ventral and dorsolateral part together, fixed), Testes, Seminal vesicles including coagulating glands (fixed), Spleen, Thymus (fixed), Thyroid glands (with parathyroid glands) (fixed), Uterus with cervix
- All paired organs were weighed together (left and right).

ORGAN TISSUE FIXATION
- The following organs or tissues were fixed in 4% neutral-buffered formaldehyde solution or in modified Davidson’s solution: All gross lesions, Adrenal glands, Bone marrow (femur), Brain, Cecum, Cervix, Coagulating glands, Colon, Duodenum, Epididymis, left (fixed in modified Davidson´s solution), Esophagus, Eyes with optic nerve (fixed in modified Davidson’s solution), Heart, Ileum, Jejunum (with Peyer’s patches), Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, Lymph nodes/axillary, Lymph nodes/mesenteric, Mammary gland (male and female), Ovaries (fixed in modified Davidson´s solution), Oviducts, Pancreas, Pituitary gland, Prostate, Rectum, Sciatic nerve, Seminal vesicles, Skeletal muscle, Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord), Spleen, Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach), Testis, left (fixed in modified Davidson ´s solution), Thymus, Thyroid glands (with parathyroid glands), Trachea, Urinary bladder, Uterus, Vagina, Vas deferens.
- The ovaries and eyes with optic nerve of animals that were sacrificed intercurrently were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde solution.
- The left testis and left epididymis of all male cohort 1A animals sacrificed at scheduled dates were fixed in modified Davidson’s solution, whereas the right testis and epididymis were used for sperm parameters analysis.
- For technical reasons, after about 24 hours fixation the ovaries of all cohort 1A females of all test groups were transferred to 70% ethanol.

HISTOPATHOLOGY
- Organs listed in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
- The organs were trimmed according to the “Revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice” (Ruehl-Fehlert et al., 2003; Kittel et al., 2004; Morawietz et al., 2004).
- The kidneys of males No. 10, 80 and 87 were exemplarily stained immunohistochemically with an antibody against alpha-2u microglobulin.
- For technical reasons, the ovaries of all animals of the cohort 1A females and high dose groups sacrificed at scheduled dates were embedded in paraplast after fixation.
- A correlation between gross lesions and histopathological findings was attempted. Special attention was given to stages of spermatogenesis in the male gonads.
- Special attention was also given to the synchrony of the morphology in ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina to the estrous cycle status. Whenever in the ovary the diagnosis: ”no abnormalities detected” was used, that implies that all different, stages of functional bodies (especially corpora lutea) were present and normal.
- Animals No. 119 and 194 that were sacrificed in a moribund state were processed histotechnically and assessed like control animals.

DIFFERENTIAL OVARIAN FOLLICLE COUNT IN COHORT 1A FEMALES
- A differential ovarian follicle count (DOFC) was conducted in test groups 10 and 13 (cohort 1A females) according to Plowchalk et.al. (1993).
- In general, sections were prepared with 2 - 3 μm thickness and serial sections were taken every 100 μm to complete up to 15 – 20 cut levels across the whole ovarian tissue. For the counting of primordial and growing follicles, H&E
stained slides were prepared from all cut levels. Counting was performed on slides digitalized with a Hamamatsu NanoZoomer 2.0 slide scanner using the Hamamatsu viewing software (NDP.view).



PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF F1 GENERATION, REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B:

NECROPSY
- All cohort 1B animals were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology; special attention was given to the reproductive organs.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in all animals sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals (final body weight), Adrenal glands (fixed), Cauda epididymis, Epididymides, Liver, Ovaries, Pituitary gland (fixed), Prostate (ventral and dorsolateral part together, fixed), Testes, Seminal vesicles including coagulating gland (fixed), Uterus (with cervix)
- All paired organs were weighed together (left and right)

ORGAN/TISSUE FIXATION
- The following organs or tissues were fixed in 4% neutral-buffered formaldehyde solution or in modified Davidson’s solution: All gross lesions, Adrenal glands, Cervix uteri, Coagulating glands, Epididymis, left (fixed in modified Davidson ´s solution), Liver, Ovaries (fixed in modified Davidson´s solution), Pituitary gland, Prostate, Seminal vesicles including coagulating glands, Testis (fixed in modified Davidson ´s solution), Uterus, Vagina

HISTOPATHOLOGY
- Histotechnical processing and examination by light microscopy was not performed.
- For technical reasons, the ovaries of all cohort 1B females of all test groups were embedded in paraplast.




PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF SURPLUS F1 GENERATION PUPS ON PND 22 (F1 weanlings not selected for cohorts):

NECROPSY
- All surplus F1 generation pups that were not used for the following organ weight determinations were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia with CO2.
- The selected pups for organ weight determination were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
- All animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology with special emphasis on the reproductive organs.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in up to 10 animals per sex per group sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals (final body weight), Brain, Spleen, Thymus (fixed)

ORGAN/TISSUE FIXATION
- The following organs or tissues of up to 10 animals per sex per group were fixed in 4% neutral- buffered formaldehyde solution: All gross lesions, Brain, Mammary gland (male and female), Spleen, Thymus, Thyroid glands
- Liver samples of the control surplus F1 generation pups on PND 22 were taken and deep frozen. The livers of these animals were not previewed for any further examination in this study. Liver sampling has no impact on the study results.

HISTOPATHOLOGY
- Histotechnical processing and examination was not performed

Statistics:
Means, medians and standard deviations of each test group were calculated for several parameters (see "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables").
Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS:

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS

Clinical observations for males and females (except gestation and lactation period)

- No clinical signs or changes of general behavior, which may be attributed to the test substance, were detected in any of the male and female F0 parental animals in any of the groups.
- One mid-dose female animal (No. 156 - 3750 ppm) showed opacity on the right eye during premating days 56 - 74 and one high-dose female animal (No. 200 - 12500 ppm) showed protruding eyeball during premating days 49 - 74. This observation was not considered to be associated with the test compound.


Clinical observations for females during gestation of F1 litters

- There were no test substance-related clinical findings in any females of all dose groups during the gestation period for F1 litter.
- One female (No. 119 - control) of test group 00 showed palpable mass through the skin at axillary region during GD 9 to 21.
- One female (No. 156 - 3750 ppm) showed opacity on the right eye and one female (No. 200 - 12500 ppm) showed protruding eyeball during the whole gestation period.
- One sperm negative female of the low-dose group (No. 148 - 1250 ppm) and one sperm positive female of the mid-dose group (No. 159 - 3750 ppm) did not deliver F1 pups. This observation was not considered to be associated with the test compound.

Clinical observations for females and offspring during lactation of F1 litters
- One female (No. 119 - control) of test group 00 showed palpable mass through the skin at axillary region and severe poor general condition, therefore the animal was sacrificed in a moribund state on PND 22.
- One female (No. 137 - 1250 ppm) of test group 01 showed pups not properly nursed on PND 0 and had complete litter loss on PND 1.
- One female (No. 154 - 3750 ppm) of test group 02 showed an injury on the right side of inguinal region on PND 23, therefore the animal was scheduled sacrificed slightly earlier on PND 24.
- One female (No. 156 - 3750 ppm) showed opacity on the right eye during the whole lactation period.
- One female (No. 171 - 3750 ppm) of test group 02 showed a diffuse injury, diffuse skin lesion and moderate poor general condition between PND 6 to 25, therefore the animal was sacrificed in a moribund state on PND 25.
- One female (No. 176 - 12500 ppm) of test group 03 showed pups not properly nursed on PND 0 to PND 1 and had complete litter loss on PND 2.
- One female (No. 192 - 12500 ppm) of test group 03 showed pups not properly nursed on PND 0.
- One female (No. 194 - 12500 ppm) of test group 03 showed respiration sounds, moderate/severe poor general condition, pups not properly nursed, moderate reduced nutritional condition, piloerection, high stepping gate, hypothermia, complete litter loss between PND 12 to 19, therefore the animal was sacrificed in a moribund state on PND 19.
- One female (No. 196 - 12500 ppm) of test group 03 showed moderate poor general condition, pale skin, pups palpable in abdomen after delivery and complete litter loss on PND 0, therefore the animal was scheduled sacrificed slightly earlier on PND 28.
- One female (No. 200 - 12500 ppm) showed protruding eyeball during the whole lactation period.


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS
- No additional clinical signs or changes of general behavior, which were attributed to the test substance, were detected in any of the male and female animals in any of the groups which were not observed during the general clinical examinations before.
- Male animals of all dose groups (1250, 3750 and 12500 ppm) did not show any abnormalities.
- One female animal (No. 156) of test group 02 (3750 ppm) showed opacity on the right eye from premating day 56 until sacrificed.
- One female animal (No. 200) of test group 03 (12500 ppm) showed protruding eyeball on the right eye from premating day 49 until sacrificed.
- One control female (No. 119) showed palpable mass through the skin on the left axillary region during DCO days 84 – 112 and severe poor general condition on DCO day 119.
- One mid-dose female (No. 171) showed diffuse injury on animal body during DCO days 112 - 119 and diffuse skin lesions on DCO day 119.
- One female animal (No. 194) of test group 03 (12500 ppm) showed moderate poor general condition and reduced nutritional condition, respiration sound and pups not properly nursed on study day 112.
- One female animal (No. 196) of test group 03 (12500 ppm) showed moderate poor general condition, pale skin and pups palpable in abdomen after delivery on study day 105.
- These observations were not considered to be associated with the test compound.

PUPS:
- There was no test substance-related adverse clinical sign observed in any of the surviving F1 generation pups of the different test groups.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A:
- No clinical signs or changes of general behavior, which may be attributed to the test substance, were detected in any of the male and female animals in any of the groups.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B:
- No clinical signs or changes of general behavior, which may be attributed to the test substance, were detected in any of the male and female animals in any of the groups.
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence):
PARENTAL ANIMALS
Female animal No. 119 of test group 0 (control; 0 ppm) was sacrificed moribund on PND 22, female animal No. 171 of test group 02 (3750 ppm) was sacrificed moribund on PND 25 and female animal No. 194 of test group 03 (12500 ppm) was sacrificed moribund on PND 19.

F1 PUBS
- The viability index indicating pup survival during early lactation (PND 0 - 4) varied between 99% / 96% / 99% and 90% in test groups 00 - 03. The value of the high dose was slightly outside of the historical control range 94-100.0% (see Part III, Supplement).
- The survival index indicating pup survival on PND 4 - 21 (lactation index) was 100% / 100% / 100% and 95% in test groups 00 - 03. The value of the high dose was slightly outside of the historical control range 95.7-100.0%. On postnatal day 21 significant lower number of mean pups were observed 8.7 pups per litter vs 9.9 pups per litter in control.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A
- There were no test substance-related or spontaneous mortalities in any of the groups.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B
- There were no test substance-related or spontaneous mortalities in any of the groups.
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS
- Body weights and body weight change of all test substance treated male and female F0 rats were essentially comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study.
- The statistically significantly decreased body weight change in the high-dose males during premating days 14 - 21 and increased during premating days 21 - 28, as well as increased body weight change in the mid- dose males during premating days 49 - 56, respectively, were considered to be spontaneous in nature and not treatment-related.
- The statistically significantly decreased body weight change in the high-dose females during premating days 49 - 56, as well as decreased body weight change in the high- dose females during gestation days 7 - 14 respectively, were considered to be spontaneous in nature and not treatment-related

F1 PUPS
- The mean body weights and body weight change of all male and female pups in all test substance-treated groups were comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A
- The mean body weights/body weight change of all test substance-treated F1 male and female animals were comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B
- The body weights of the mid-dose females were statistically significantly increased to the control values between study day 21 and 28 of the inlife period (up to 5%). This finding without dose dependency was considered as incidental and not related to treatment.
- The body weight gain of all test substance treated male and female F1 rats was comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS:
FOOD CONSUMPTION
- During lactation the food consumption was only decreased in female animals of test group 03 (12500 ppm) between PND 10 to 14 (-10.8%) and but over the whole lactation period only slightly and non-statistically significantly reduced (-8.2%).
- Food consumption of the low- and mid-dose animal rats was comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study.

INTAKE OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- See "Any other information on results incl. tables"

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A
- Food consumption of the all test substance-treated male and female rats (1250, 3750 and 12500 ppm) was comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study of F1.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B
- Food consumption of the all test substance-treated male and female rats (1250, 3750 and 12500 ppm) was comparable to the concurrent control values throughout the entire study of F1.

COMPOUND INTAKE
- Tables see "Any other information on results incl. tables"
Haematological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS:
No treatment-related changes among hematological parameters were observed. At the end of the administration period in F0 females of test groups 02 and 03 (3750 and 12500 ppm) hemoglobin and hematocrit values as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH) were significantly decreased. In females of test group 01(1250 ppm) hematocrit values were already significantly lower compared to controls. However, all values were within historical control ranges (F0 females, hematocrit 0.421-0.470 L/L, hemoglobin 8.9-10.0 mmol/L, MCV 52.7-54.5 fL; MCH 1.11-1.18 fmol). In females of test group 02, prothrombin time (Hepatoquick’s test, HQT) was significantly reduced, relative neutrophil counts were significantly increased, and relative lymphocyte counts were significantly decreased. However, the changes were not dose dependent. Therefore, the mentioned alterations in this paragraph were regarded as incidental and not treatment related.

F1 GENERATION
- No treatment-related changes among hematological parameters were observed.
- At study day 90, in males of test group 13 (12500 ppm) prothrombin time (Hepatoquick’s test, HQT) was significantly prolonged, but the mean was within the historical control range (F1 males, HQT 32.6-38.3 sec). In F1 females of test group 11 (1250 ppm) relative eosinophil counts were significantly increased, but the alteration was not dose dependent. Therefore, the mentioned changes were regarded as incidental and not treatment related.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS:
No treatment-related changes among clinical chemistry parameters were observed.
At the end of the administration period, in F0 females of test groups 02 and 03 (3750 and 12500 ppm), total bilirubin values were significantly decreased, but the change was not dose dependent. Therefore, this change was regarded as incidental and not treatment related.

In parental males and females (test groups 01, 02 and 03; 1250 3750 and 12500 ppm) no treatment-related alterations of T4 and TSH levels were observed.

F1 GENERATION
- No treatment-related, adverse changes among clinical chemistry parameters were observed.
- In females of test group 13 (12500 ppm) sodium levels were significantly decreased. The values were marginally below the historical control range (F1 females, sodium 141.7-144.0 mmol/L). However, this was the only changed clinical chemistry parameter among these individuals and therefore, it was regarded as maybe treatment-related, but non-adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).
- In males of test group 12 (3750 ppm) chloride levels were significantly lower compared to study controls, and in females of test group 11 (1250 ppm) total bilirubin levels were significantly decreased. However, the alterations were not dose dependent. Therefore, the mentioned changes were regarded as incidental and not treatment related.
- In F1 male PND4 as well as male and female PND22 pups (test groups 01, 02 and 03; 1250, 3750 and 12500 ppm) as well as in F1A adult males and females (test groups 11, 12 and 13; 1250, 3750 and 12500 ppm) no treatment-related alterations of T4 and TSH levels were observed.
- In female PND4 pups of test group 03 (12500 ppm) T4 values were significantly increased. However, T4 as well as TSH mean in this group was within historical control ranges (PND4 females, T4 17.88-53.89 nmol/L, TSH 3.05-7.58). Therefore, the T alteration in female PND4 pups was regarded as incidental and not treatment related.
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS
- No treatment-related changes among urinalysis parameters were observed.

F1 GENERATION
- No treatment-related changes among urinalysis parameters were observed.
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS
- See "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- The significantly increased absolute weight of the kidneys in females of test group 03 (1.839 g) was within the historical control range (1.550 – 1.959 g) and showed no histopathological correlate. It was regarded therefore not as treatment-related. The minimal but significant relative weight increase of the kidneys in males of test group 03 (0.648%), although still within the historical control range (0.569 – 0.680%), might reflect a minimal increase of eosinophilic droplets noted in the cortical tubular cells. The significant relative weight increase of the liver (2.326%) was within the historical control values (2.13 – 2.49%) and occurred without histopathological changes. Therefore, it was considered not treatment-related.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A
- When compared with control group 10 (=100%), the kidney mean absolute weights were significantly changed (see "Any other information on results incl. tables")
- The significant absolute weight increase of the kidneys in females of test groups 12 and 13 (1.589 and 1.585 g, respectively) was marginally above the historical control range (1.305 –1.542 g). Since neither relative weight deviations nor histopatological changes occurred in the kidneys, this finding was assessed as not treatment-related.


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B
- see "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- The significantly increased terminal body weight occurred without dose dependency. The significantly increased absolute weights of the adrenal glands, although minimally above the historical control values, occurred without statistical deviation in the relative weight, and the liver weight increases were within the historical control ranges (see Part III, supplement). The significant decreases of the absolute and relative weights of the pituitary gland occurred without dose-dependency and were still within the historical control ranges (absolute: 10.840 – 11.400 mg; relative: 0.005 – 0.006%). Therefore, all these changes were not regarded as treatment-related.

SURPLUS F1 GENERATION PUPS ON PND 22 (F1 weanlings not selected for cohorts)
- see "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- The significant absolute and relative spleen weight increase of females in test group 02 occurred without a dose-response relationship and was considered incidental and not treatment-related.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS:
- All findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.
- Fertility: The female animals No. 148 and 159, which were not pregnant as well as the male mating partners No. 48 and 59 did not show relevant gross lesions.

PUP NECROPSY OBSERVATION
- A few F1 pups showed spontaneous findings at gross necropsy, such as partly cannibalized, post-mortem autolysis, discolored testis, discolored liver lobe, discolored lung, skin lesion (biting wound from the mother) and empty stomach.
- Male pup no. 05 from animal No. 149 (test group 01 - 625 ppm) showed bilateral slightly malrotated limb towards the center. Male pup no. 07 from animal No. 182 (test group 03 - 6250 ppm) showed small tongue and small mandible in addition of the finding to the stained skeleton. Male pups nos. 04 - 09 and female pup no. 12 from animal No. 192 (test group 03 - 6250 ppm) showed right or bilateral slightly malrotated limb towards the center. Male pup no. 02 and female pup nos. 04 and 05 from animal No. 196 (test group 03 - 6250 ppm) showed left or bilateral slightly malrotated limb towards the center.
- The malrotated limbs observed in 10 pups of two litters in the high dose group were considered as treatment-related. The single finding of malrotated limbs in the low dose group with no corresponding finding in the mid dose group was considered as incidental and not related to treatment. All other findings occurred without any relation to dosing and/or can be found in the historical control data at comparable or even higher incidences and were not considered to be associated with the test substance.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A
- All findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.
- Decedents: No decedent observed.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B
- All findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.
- Decedents: No decedent observed.

SURPLUS F1 GENERATION PUPS ON PND 22 (F1 weanlings not selected for cohorts)
- No gross changes were observed at necropsy.
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS
- Treatment-related findings were observed in the kidneys of male animals with incidences and grading given in the table in "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Eosinophilic droplets, representing proteinaceous material, were found in the cytoplasm of proximal tubular cells in all test groups including control animals. Compared to the control animals, a slight dose-dependent increase in incidence and grading was noted starting in test group 02 up to test group 03, which was considered treatment-related. This change was characterized by an increase of droplet number, size and distribution. An immunhistochemical stain, performed exemplarily in animals 10, 80 and 87, revealed that the staining pattern was different to alpha 2u staining pattern.
This finding was not associated with tubular cell injury and was therefore considered treatment- related but not adverse.
- All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.
- Fertility: The female animal No. 148 and 159, which were not pregnant as well as the male mating partners No. 48 and 59 did not show relevant histopathological findings consistent with impaired fertility.
- Decedents: The female animal Nos. 119, 171 and 194 were sacrificed moribund. The female No. 119 showed macroscopically a mass (diameter 75 mm) in the skin of the axillary region which correlated with a spontaneous malignant basal cell tumor and was the cause of the moribund state. The female No. 171 showed in the skin of the head and in the abdominal and back region many lesions with incrusted surface, which correlated with multifocal ulcers and crusts. The axillary lymph nodes displayed a neutrophilic inflammation, sinus histiocytosis, increased plasma cells and sinus dilation. These findings were consistent with macroscopically enlarged axillary lymph nodes and represented a reactive response to the skin lesions. The skin lesions most likely contributed to the moribund state of this animal. Additionally, a slight hyperplasia of the mammary gland was noted. The female No. 194 showed in the thymus a massive decreased cellularity of the cortex and medulla and a moderate atrophy of the genital organs (uterus, vagina and interstitial glands in the ovary). These signs reflected the moribund state in this female but were not considered the cause of morbidity. Animal Nos. 119 and 194 also displayed also displayed a decreased cellularity in the mesenteric lymph node (cortical and paracortical lymphocytes).


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A
- See "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Eosinophilic droplets, with the same characteristics as in the kidneys of the F0 generation males, were seen in all test groups including control animals. Compared to the control animals, a dose-dependent increase in the incidence and grading was noted in test groups 12 and 13, which was considered treatment-related. As observed in the F0 generation males, this finding was not associated with tubular cell injury and was therefore considered treatment-related but not adverse.
- All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.
- Differential ovarian follicle count (see "Any other information on results incl. tables*): The results of the differential ovarian follicle count (DOFC) – comprising the numbers of primordial and growing follicles, as well as the combined incidence of primordial plus growing follicles – did not reveal significant differences between the control group 10 and animals of test group 13 (12500 ppm).

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B
- Histotechnical processing and examination by light microscopy was not performed.

SURPLUS F1 GENERATION PUPS ON PND 22 (F1 weanlings not selected for cohorts)
- Histotechnical processing and examination by light microscopy was not performed.
Other effects:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
PARENTAL ANIMALS:

OESTROUS CYCLE
- Estrous cycle data, generated during the last 3 weeks prior to mating to produce the F1 litter, revealed regular cycles in the females of all test groups including the control.
- The mean estrous cycle number was similar: 4.6 / 4.6 / 5.5 and 4.4 in test groups 00 - 03, respectively.
- The mean estrous cycle duration was similar: 4.0 / 3.9 / 4.0 and 4.2 days in test groups 00 - 03, respectively.

SPERM MEASURES
- Concerning motility of the sperms and the incidence of abnormal sperms in the cauda epididymidis as well as sperm head counts in the testis and in the cauda epididymidis of parental males no treatment-related effects were observed.

MALE REPRODUCTION DATA
- For all F0 parental males, which were placed with females to generate F1 pups, copulation was confirmed.
- Thus, the male mating index was 96% in test group 01 (1250 ppm) and 100% in the
remaining test groups (00, 02 - 03).
- Fertility was proven for most of the F0 parental males within the scheduled mating interval for F1 litter.
- One low dose male (No. 48 - 1250 ppm) did not generate pregnancy.
- Thus, the male fertility index ranged between 96% and 100%, reflecting the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study.
- The apparently infertile male rat did not show histopathological findings that could explain infertility.


FEMALE REPRODUCTION AND DELIVERY DATA
- The female mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter ranged between 96% and 100%.
- The mean duration until sperm was detected (GD 0) varied between 2.5 and 3.1 days.
- All female rats delivered pups or had implants in utero with the following exception: Test group 02, female No. 159 (mated with male No. 59) did not become pregnant.
- The apparently infertile female rats did not show histopathological findings that could explain infertility.
- The fertility index was 100% in in all test groups 00 - 03. The mean duration of gestation values varied between 22.0 and 22.1 days without any relation to dosing. The gestation index varied between 96% and 100%.
- Implantation was not affected by the treatment since the mean number of implantation sites was comparable between all test substance-treated groups and the control, taking normal biological variation into account (13.5 / 12.8 / 12.9 and 12.3 implants/dam in test groups 00 - 03, respectively). Furthermore, there were no indications for test substance-induced intrauterine embryo-/fetolethality since the postimplantation loss did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups (5.1% / 5.8% / 11.7% and 10.3% in test groups 00 – 03, respectively), and the mean number of F1 pups delivered per dam remained unaffected (12.8 / 12.1 / 12.5 and 11.2 pups/dam, respectively in test groups 00 - 03).
- The rate of liveborn pups was also not affected by the test substance, as indicated by live birth indices of 99% / 98% / 98% and 93% in test groups 00 - 03. - The incidence of the high dose group is slightly below the historical control range.
- The numbers of stillborn pups with 1.2% / 2.4% / 2.0% and 7.1% in test groups 00-03 were not statistically significantly different between the test groups and but the high dose group was outside of the historical control range of 0.0% to 5.5%.
- The higher number of stillborn pups in test group 03 were caused by one dam (No. 192) with 9 stillborn pups and one dam (No. 196) with 7 stillborn pups.


F1 ANIMALS
SEX RATIO
- The sex distribution and sex ratios of live F1 pups on the day of birth and on PND 21 did not show substantial differences between the control and the test substance-treated groups; slight differences were regarded to be spontaneous in nature.

VAGINAL OPENING
- Each female F1 pup, which was selected to become a rearing female, was evaluated for commencement of sexual maturity. The first day when vaginal opening was observed was PND 27, the last was PND 38. The mean number of days to reach the criterion in the control and 1250/625, 3750/1875 and 12500/6250 ppm test groups was 31.6; 30.9; 31.4 and 31.7 days, respectively. The mean body weight on the day, when vaginal opening was recorded, amounted to 95.3 g, 92.5 g, 97.0 g and 96.4 g in test groups 00-03. Neither a statistically significant nor a toxicologically relevant effect was noted in any of the treatment groups.

PREPUTIAL SEPARATION
- Each male F1 pup, which was selected to become a rearing male, was evaluated for commencement of sexual maturity. The first day when preputial separation was observed was PND 38, the last was PND 48. The mean number of days to reach the criterion in the control and 1250/625, 3750/1875 and 12500/6250 ppm test groups was 40.6, 40.9, 41.9** (** = p::0.01) and 41.1 days, respectively. The mean body weight on the day, when preputial separation was recorded, amounted to 171.1 g, 173.2 g, 178.3* g (* = p::0.05) and 172.6 g in test groups 00-03. All values for days and weights are well within the historical control range (40.1-45.2 days, 158.2-221.1 gram ), thus any observed statistical change is considered
incidental and not treatment-related.

ANOGENITAL DISTANCE
- Anogenital distance and anogen tal index of all test substance treated pups were comparable to the concurrent control values.

NIPPLE RETENTION IN MALE PUPS
- The percentage of male pups having nipples/areolae was not influenced by the test substance when examined on PND 13.
- During the re-examination on PND 20 no nipples/areolae were detected in any male pup of all test groups.

F1 PUB NUMBER AND STATUS OF DELIVERY
- The mean number of delivered F1 pups per dam and the rates of liveborn, stillborn and dead F1 pups were evenly distributed about the groups. The respective values reflect the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain used in this study.
- The higher number of stillborn pups in test group 03 were caused by one dam (No. 192) with 9 stillborn pups, one dam (No. 196) with 7 stillborn pups. In test group 03 the higher number of pups they were found dead on PND 19 were caused of one dam (No. 194) with 10 pups.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A - ESTROUS CYCLE
- Estrous cycle data, generated during 2 weeks, revealed regular cycles in the females of all test groups including the control. The mean estrous cycle duration in the different test groups was similar: 4.0 days in control, 3.9 days in the low dose group, 3.9 days in the mid-dose group and 4.0 days in the high-dose group.

F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B - ESTROUS CYCLE
- Estrous cycle data, generated during 2 weeks, revealed regular cycles in the females of all test groups including the control. The mean estrous cycle duration in the different test groups was similar: 4.0 days in control, 4.0 days in the low-dose group, 3.9 days in the mid-dose group and 4.0 days in the high-dose group.

F1 GENERATION - SPERM ANALYSIS
- Concerning motility of the sperms and the incidence of abnormal sperms in the cauda epididymidis as well as sperm head counts in the testis and in the cauda epididymidis of F1A males no treatment-related effects were observed.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
general systemic toxicity
Effect level:
340 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: no adverse effects observed at this dose
Remarks on result:
other: 3750 ppm
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Remarks:
general systemic toxicity
Effect level:
1 129 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
clinical biochemistry
food consumption and compound intake
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 11250 ppm
Critical effects observed:
no

ANALYSES


- Stability analyses: The stability of test substance in rat diet was demonstrated for a period of 35 days at room temperature.


- Homogeneity analyses: The homogeneity of the mixtures was verified.


- Concentration control analyses: The observed concentrations of the test substance correspond with the expected concentrations by recoveries between 90 and 96, and demonstrated the correctness of the diet preparations.


- Food analyses: With regard to the analytical findings of chemical and microbiological contaminants and the duration of application, the diet was found to be suitable. Fed. Reg. Vol. 44, No. 91 of 09 May 1979, p. 27354 (EPA), served as a guideline for maximum tolerable chemical contaminants. The concentration of microorganisms did not exceed 1*10^5/g feed.


- Drinking water analyses: On the basis of the analytical findings, the drinking water was found to be suitable. German Drinking Water Regulation (Trinkwasserverordnung) served as a guideline for maximum  tolerable contaminants.


- Bedding and enrichment analyses: On the basis of the analytical findings, bedding and cage enrichment were found to be suitable. Levels given in Lab Animal (Nov-Dec 1979, pp. 24-34) served as a guideline for maximum tolerable contaminants.


 


 


Tab. 10: Mean test substance intake of test substance (mg/kg bw/d; minimum value/maximum value) in F0 animals


 






























 



Test group 01 (1250/625 ppm)



Test group 02 (3750/1875 ppm)



Test group 03 (12500/6250 ppm)



F0 males



98.5 (72.6 / 153.6)



299.4 (217.4 / 460.7)



997.4 (736.6 / 1541.7)



F0 females (premating)



106.2 (90.6 / 140.5)



320.2 (270.4 / 438.4)



1088.0 (930.6 / 1431.3)



F0 females


*  gestation period


*  lactation period



93.4 (88.6 / 98.2)


127.3 (84.3 / 182.8)



280.2 (262.7 / 293.0)


374.9 (247.7 / 509.2)



923.3 (881.6 / 949.4)


1129.4 (741.7 / 1548.2)



 


 


Tab. 11: Mean test substance intake of test substance (mg/kg bw/d; minimum value/maximum value) in F1 rearing animals, Cohort 1A


 
























 



Test group 11


(1250 ppm)



Test group 12


(3750 ppm)



Test group 13


(12500 ppm)



Males



118.6 (81.5 / 174.0)



359.2 (241.3 / 529.2)



1192.1 (818.8 / 1758.2)



Females



121.0 (97.5 / 167.2)



364.8 (291.8 / 498.7)



1192.8 (951.2 / 1660.0)



 


 


Tab. 12: Mean test substance intake of test substance (mg/kg bw/d; minimum value/maximum value) in F1 rearing animals, Cohort 1B


 
























 



Test group 11


(1250 ppm)



Test group 12


(3750 ppm)



Test group 13


(12500 ppm)



Males



121.5 (84.9 / 171.1)



365.6 (257.7 / 512.5)



1231.7 (876.7 / 1723.1)



Females



120.6 (99.7 / 161.6)



360.7 (293.1 / 490.1)



1214.7 (994.6 / 1641.4)



 


 


Tab. 13: Mean test substance intake of test substance


 


























































































 



 



Test group 01/11 (1250 ppm;


lactation 625 ppm)



Test group 02/12 (3750 ppm;


lactation 1875 ppm)



Test group 03/13 (12500 ppm;


lactation 6250 ppm)



 



Duration of phase (weeks)



Mean (mg/kg b/d)



Mean (mg/kg b/d)



Mean (mg/kg b/d)



F0 males



 


10



 


98.5



 


299.4



 


997.4



F1 males rearing 1A



8



118.6



359.2



1192.1



F1 males rearing 1B



 


7



 


121.5



 


365.6



 


1231.7



Mean / Weighted mean of mean



 



 


112.9 / 111.4



 


341.4 / 337.1



 


1140.4 / 1125.3



F0 females premating



10



 


106.2



 


320.2



 


1088.0



F0 females gestation



3



 


93.4



 


280.2



 


923.3



F0 females lactation



3



127.3



374.9



1129.4



F1 females rearing 1A



8



 


121.0



 


364.8



 


1192.8



F1 females rearing 1B



7



 


120.6



 


360.7



 


1214.7



Mean / Weighted mean of mean



 



 


112.0 / 112.7



 


341.1 / 339.7



 


1131.9 / 1128.5



 


 


Tab. 14: F0 generation parental animals, Absolute organ weights


 






















F0



Female animals



Test group (ppm)



01


(1250)



02


(3750)



03


(12500)



Kidneys



100%



101%



107%**



* for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 15: F0 generation parental animals, Relative organ weights


 




























F0



Male animals



Test group (ppm)



01


(1250)



02


(3750)



03


(12500)



Kidneys



102%



100%



106%**



Liver



101%



102%



107%**



* for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 16: F0 generation parental animals, Histopathology findings


 













































Kidneys



Male animals (F0)



Test group (ppm)



00


(0)



01


(1250)



02


(3750)



03


(12500)



No. of animals



20



20



20



20



Eosinophilic droplets



8



10



14



18



Grade 1



8



8



8



11



Grade 2



 



2



6



7



 


 


Tab. 17: F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1A, Absolute organ weights


 






















Cohort 1A



Female animals



Test group (ppm)



11


(1250)



12


(3750)



13


(12500)



Kidneys



100%



105%*



105%*



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


 


Tab. 18: F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1A, Histopathology findings


 













































Kidneys



Male animals (Cohort 1A)



Test group (ppm)



10


(0)



11


(1250)



12


(3750)



13


(12500)



No. of animals



20



20



20



20



Eosinophilic droplets



9



10



19



20



Grade 1



4



6



16



8



Grade 2



5



4



3



12



 


 


Tab. 19: F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1A, Differential ovarian follicle count, Absolute values


 






























Number of animals



Absolute values



Group



Primordial



Growing



Primordial + growing



20



10



4069



464



4533



20



13



4116



531



4647



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 20: F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1A, Differential ovarian follicle count, Mean values


 






























Number of animals



Mean values



Group



Primordial



Growing



Primordial + growing



20



10



203



23



227



20



13



206



27



232



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 21: F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1B, Absolute organ weights


 








































Cohort 1B



Female animals



Test group (ppm)



11


(1250)



12


(3750)



13


(12500)



Terminal body weight



100%



105%**



104%



Adrenal glands



99%



107%



107%*



Liver



103%



107%*



107%**



Pituitary gland



90%*



90%**



90%*



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 22: F1 generation, rearing animals, cohort 1B, Relative organ weights


 






















Cohort1B



Female animals



Test group (ppm)



11


(1250)



12


(3750)



13


(12500)



Pituitary gland



90%*



85%**



87%**



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 23: Surplus F1 generation pups on PND 22 (F1 weanlings not selected for cohorts), Absolute organ weights


 






















F1 Pups PND 22



Female animals



Test group (ppm)



01


(1250)



02


(3750)



03


(12500)



Spleen



113%



111%*



94%



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


Tab. 24: Surplus F1 generation pups on PND 22 (F1 weanlings not selected for cohorts), Relative organ weights


 






















F1 Pups PND 22



Female animals



Test group (ppm)



01


(1250)



02


(3750)



03


(12500)



Spleen



112%



114%**



98%



for p ≤0.05, ** for p ≤0.01


 


 


 


 


 

Conclusions:
Under the conditions of the present extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for general, systemic toxicity is 12500 ppm (about 1129 mg/kg bw/d) for males and 3750 ppm (340 mg/kg bw/d) for females, based on clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during lactation, in the F0 parental animals as well as adolescent and adult F1 offspring.
Executive summary:

The test substance was administered to groups of 25 male and 25 female healthy young Wistar rats as a homogeneous addition to the food in different concentrations (0, 1250, 3750 and 12500 ppm). F0 animals were treated at least for 10 weeks prior to mating to produce a litter (F1 generation). Mating pairs were from the same dose group. Pups of the F1 litter were selected (F1 rearing animals) and assigned to 2 different cohorts (1A and 1B) which were subjected to specific postweaning examinations. The study was terminated with the terminal sacrifice of the F1 rearing animals of cohort 1B. Test diets containing test substance were offered continuously throughout the study.


 


Observations: The parents' and the pups' state of health was checked each day, and parental animals were examined for their mating and reproductive performances. Food consumption of the F0 parents and F1 rearing animals was determined regularly once weekly and weekly during gestation (days 0 - 7, 7 - 14, 14 - 20) and lactation periods (days 1 - 4, 4 - 7, 7 - 10, 10 - 14, 14 - 18 and 18 - 21). In general, body weights of F0 parents and F1 rearing animals were determined once weekly. However, during gestation and lactation F0 females were weighed on gestation days (GD) 0, 7, 14, 20 and on postnatal days (PND) 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 21. A detailed clinical observation (DCO) was performed in all F0 parents and F1 animals in cohorts 1A and 1B at weekly intervals. Estrous cycle data were evaluated for F0 females over a three week period prior to mating until evidence of mating occurred. In all cohort 1A females, vaginal smears were collected after vaginal opening until the first cornified smear (estrous) was recorded. The estrous cycle also was evaluated in cohort 1A and 1B females for 2 weeks around PND 75. Moreover, the estrous stage of each female was determined on the day of scheduled sacrifice. The F1 pups were sexed on the day of birth (PND 0) and were weighed on the first day after birth (PND 1) as well as on PND 4, 7, 14 and 21. Their viability was recorded. At necropsy, all pups were examined macroscopically. Date of sexual maturation, i.e. day of vaginal opening (females) or balanopreputial separation (males), of all F1 pups selected to become F1 rearing animals was recorded. All surviving pups were examined for the presence or absence of nipple/areola anlagen on PND 13 and were re-examined on PND 20. If nipple/areola anlagen were recorded, all surviving male pups were carefully re-examined one day prior to necropsy. The number of nipple/areola anlagen were counted. Anogenital distance (defined as the distance from the anus [center of the anal opening] to the base of the genital tubercle) measurements were conducted in a blind randomized fashion, using a measuring ocular on all live male and female pups on PND 1. Urine samples for clinical pathological investigations were withdrawn from 10 selected F0 and cohort 1A animals per sex and group. Blood samples for clinical pathological investigations were withdrawn from 10 selected F0 and cohort 1A animals per sex and group. Further blood samples were taken from a maximun of 10 surplus (culled) PND 4 pups per sex and group as well as from 10 surplus PND 22 pups per sex and group. Various sperm parameters (motility, sperm head count, morphology) were assessed in the F0 generation males and cohort 1A males at scheduled sacrifice or after appropriate staining. All F0 parental animals were assessed by gross pathology (including weight determinations of several organs) and subjected to an extensive histopathological examination; special attention being paid to the organs of the reproductive system. A quantitative assessment of primordial and growing follicles in the ovaries was performed for all control and high-dose F1 rearing females cohort 1A. All F1 rearing animals were assessed by different pathological and histopathological examinations.


 


Analyses: The various analyses: 1.) Demonstrated the stability of the test substance preparations over a period of 35 days at room temperature, 2.) Confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the test substance in the diet, 3.) Verified correct concentrations of the test substance in the diet preparations.


Intake of test substance:  The weighted mean of mean dose of test substance throughout all study phase and across all cohorts was approx. 113 mg/kg body weight/day (mg/kg bw/d) in the 1250 ppm group, approx. 340 mg/kg bw/d in the 3750 ppm group and approx. 1129 mg/kg bw/d in the 12500 ppm group.


 


Effects: The following test substance-related and relevant effects/findings were noted:


 


12500 ppm (Substance intake overall mean of mean 1129 mg/kg bw/d)


F0 PARENTAL ANIMAL


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • Decresased number of live born pups in comparison to control (93% vs. 99% in control)

  • Increased number of stillborn in comparison to control (7.1% vs. 1.2% in control)

  • Pups not properly nursed in 3 females during lactation

  • Complete litter loss in 3 females during lactation

  • Pups palpable in abdomen after delivery in 1 female during lactation

  • General conditions poor in 2 females during lactation

  • Hypothermia and respiratory sounds in 1 female during lactation

  • Two females sacrificed moribund on postnatal day 19 and 28

  • Reduced food consumption in females between lactation days 10 and 14 (-10.8%)


 


F1 PUPS


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ SEXUAL MATURATION/ GROSS FINDINGS



  • Decreased viability index with 90% (not statistically significant) in comparison to control (99%)

  • Decreased lactation index with 95% (not statistically significant) in comparison to control (100%)

  • Decreased mean number of surviving pups on post natal day 21 8.7 pups per litter in comparison to control (9.9 pups per litter)

  • Increased number of pups with malrotated limbs 10 out of 92


 


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY



  • No treatment-related relevant findings


 


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No treatment-related relevant findings


 


3750 ppm (Substance intake overall mean of mean 340 mg/kg bw/d)


F0 PARENTAL ANIMALS


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No test substance-related adverse findings


 


F1 PUPS


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ SEXUAL MATURATION/ GROSS FINDINGS



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


1250 ppm (Substance intake overall mean of mean 113 mg/kg bw/d)


F0 PARENTAL ANIMALS


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


F1 PUPS


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ SEXUAL MATURATION/ GROSS FINDINGS



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1A


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


F1 REARING ANIMALS, COHORT 1B


CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS/ CLINICAL PATHOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY



  • No test substance-related relevant findings


 


Conclusion: Thus, under the conditions of the present extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for general, systemic toxicity is 12500 ppm (about 1129 mg/kg bw/d) for males and 3750 ppm (340 mg/kg bw/d) for females, based on clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during lactation, in the F0 parental animals as well as adolescent and adult F1 offspring. The NOAEL for fertility for the parental rats is 12500 ppm (about 1129 mg/kg bw/d), the highest dose tested. The NOAEL for reproductive performance for the female parental rats is 3750 ppm (about 340 mg/kg bw/d). The NOAEL for developmental toxicity in the F1 progeny is 3750 ppm (about 340 mg/kg bw/d).

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
340 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subchronic
Species:
rat

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Remarks:
combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purity 99.9%
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Male and female Wistar rats, strain Crl:WI(Han), supplied by Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, UK
Route of administration:
inhalation: aerosol
Type of inhalation exposure:
nose/head only
Vehicle:
clean air
Remarks on MMAD:
MMAD / GSD: 4 mg/m³ (n=2)
MMAD: 0.8-not detectable
SD: 2.5-not detectable

16 mg/m³ (n=2)
MMAD: 3.0-2.6
SD: 1.8-1.7

40 mg/m³ (n=2)
MMAD: 1.9-2.6
SD: 1.9-1.6
Details on inhalation exposure:
For each concentration the test substance was supplied to a two-component atomizer at a constant rate by means of an infusion pump. The aerosol was generated with compressed air mixed with conditioned dilution air and passed into the inhalation system.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
The concentrations of the inhalation atmospheres were analyzed by gas chromatography in all test groups including control. Daily means were calculated based on 2 measured samples per concentration and exposure. From the daily mean values of each concentration, mean concentrations and standard deviations for the entire study were derived.
In the control group, one sample per exposure period was analyzed.
The analyses were carried out at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Experimental Toxicology and Ecology of BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
females: 46-48 days
males: 29 days
Frequency of treatment:
6 hours daily
Dose / conc.:
3.88 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Remarks:
± 0.63 mg/m3
Dose / conc.:
16.6 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Remarks:
± 3.1 mg/m3
Dose / conc.:
41.2 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Remarks:
± 6.5 mg/m3
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
After 2 weeks of premating treatment the F0 animals were mated to produce F1 generation pups. Mating pairs were from the same test group. Mating was discontinued as soon as sperm was detected in the vaginal smear. F0 animals were examined for their reproductive performance including determination of the number of implantation sites and the calculation of postimplantation loss for all F0 females. A detailed clinical observation (DCO) was performed in all F0 animals before test substance administration and thereafter at weekly intervals. Food consumption of the F0 parents was determined regularly during premating and after the mating period and during the gestation and lactation periods in dams. In general, body weights of F0 an mals were determined once a week. During gestation and lactation period, F0 females were weighed on gestation days (GD) 0, 7, 14 and 20, on the parturition day (postnatal day [PND] 0) and on PND 4. Pups were sexed on PND 0 and weighed one day after birth and on PND 4. Their viability was recorded twice daily on each working day or only in the morning on Saturday and Sunday. Clinicochemical and hematological examinations as well as urinal ses were performed in 5 randomly selected F0 parental animals of either sex towards the end of the administration period. At the end of the administration period a functional observational battery was performed and motor activity was measured in 5 randomly selected F0 parental males and female per test group. All surviving F0 parental animals were sacrificed assessed by gross pathology. Organ weights were recorded and a histopathological examination was performed.
Sacrifice and pathology:
All F0 parental animals were sacrificed under pentobarbitone anesthesia by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta and vena cava. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology, special attention being given to the reproductive organs. All pups with scheduled sacrifice on PND 4 were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia with CO2. All pups were examined externally, eviscerated and their organs were assessed
macroscopically, paying particular attention to potential changes of pericardial blood vessels. All pups that die before schedule or were sacrificed in a moribund state were examined externally, eviscerated and their organs were assessed macroscopically, paying particular attention to potential changes of pericardial blood vessels.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Remarks:
systemic toxicity
Effect level:
>= 40 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed up to the highest tested dose.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEC
Remarks:
local effect
Effect level:
16 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
gross pathology
histopathology: non-neoplastic
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Remarks:
local effects
Effect level:
4 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed at this dose.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Remarks:
reproductive performance and fertility
Effect level:
>= 40 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed up to the highest tested dose.
Critical effects observed:
not specified
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of this Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for general systemic toxicity as well as reproductive performance, fertility and developmental toxicity in male and female Wistar rats was 40 mg/m³. The NOAEC for local signs of toxicity in male and female Wistar rats was 4 mg/m³.
Executive summary:

2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol was administered via inhalation to groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats (F0 animals) at concentrations of 4, 16, and 40 mg/m³. Regarding clinical examinations, no signs of general systemic toxicity were observed in male and female parental animals at any dose level during the entire study period. During the exposure period, the target concentrations were maintained as constant and stable as could be provided with liquid aerosol generation techniques in the concentration range tested. Fertility indices for male and female animals were not impaired by test-substance administration even at a dose level of 40 mg/m³. In addition, live birth and viability indices of pups in all test groups were not influenced. Concerning clinical pathology no treatment-related, adverse effects were observed up to a dose level of 40 mg/m3. With regard to pathology, treatment-related microscopic changes were observed in larynx (level 1) and consisted of increased squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium and chronic (active) inflammation at level 1 of the larynx only to a marginal or slight degree. This was observed in both sexes. Histopathological examination of the mid- and low-dose groups of the larynx at this level 1 revealed that these treatment-related findings (squamous metaplasia and chronic [active] inflammation) were also observed in the mid-dose group (16 mg/m³), however, to a lesser severity degree compared to the high-dose groups (40 mg/m³). Other macroscopic and/or microscopic changes observed were either non-dose related and/or considered to be normal background changes. No treatment-related changes were observed in both sexes at a concentration of 4 mg/m³.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
40 mg/m³
Study duration:
subacute
Species:
rat

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Remarks:
combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purity 99.9%
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Male and female Wistar rats, strain Crl:WI(Han), supplied by Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, UK
Route of administration:
inhalation: aerosol
Type of inhalation exposure:
nose/head only
Vehicle:
clean air
Remarks on MMAD:
MMAD / GSD: 4 mg/m³ (n=2)
MMAD: 0.8-not detectable
SD: 2.5-not detectable

16 mg/m³ (n=2)
MMAD: 3.0-2.6
SD: 1.8-1.7

40 mg/m³ (n=2)
MMAD: 1.9-2.6
SD: 1.9-1.6
Details on inhalation exposure:
For each concentration the test substance was supplied to a two-component atomizer at a constant rate by means of an infusion pump. The aerosol was generated with compressed air mixed with conditioned dilution air and passed into the inhalation system.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
The concentrations of the inhalation atmospheres were analyzed by gas chromatography in all test groups including control. Daily means were calculated based on 2 measured samples per concentration and exposure. From the daily mean values of each concentration, mean concentrations and standard deviations for the entire study were derived.
In the control group, one sample per exposure period was analyzed.
The analyses were carried out at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Experimental Toxicology and Ecology of BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
females: 46-48 days
males: 29 days
Frequency of treatment:
6 hours daily
Dose / conc.:
3.88 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Remarks:
± 0.63 mg/m3
Dose / conc.:
16.6 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Remarks:
± 3.1 mg/m3
Dose / conc.:
41.2 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Remarks:
± 6.5 mg/m3
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
After 2 weeks of premating treatment the F0 animals were mated to produce F1 generation pups. Mating pairs were from the same test group. Mating was discontinued as soon as sperm was detected in the vaginal smear. F0 animals were examined for their reproductive performance including determination of the number of implantation sites and the calculation of postimplantation loss for all F0 females. A detailed clinical observation (DCO) was performed in all F0 animals before test substance administration and thereafter at weekly intervals. Food consumption of the F0 parents was determined regularly during premating and after the mating period and during the gestation and lactation periods in dams. In general, body weights of F0 an mals were determined once a week. During gestation and lactation period, F0 females were weighed on gestation days (GD) 0, 7, 14 and 20, on the parturition day (postnatal day [PND] 0) and on PND 4. Pups were sexed on PND 0 and weighed one day after birth and on PND 4. Their viability was recorded twice daily on each working day or only in the morning on Saturday and Sunday. Clinicochemical and hematological examinations as well as urinal ses were performed in 5 randomly selected F0 parental animals of either sex towards the end of the administration period. At the end of the administration period a functional observational battery was performed and motor activity was measured in 5 randomly selected F0 parental males and female per test group. All surviving F0 parental animals were sacrificed assessed by gross pathology. Organ weights were recorded and a histopathological examination was performed.
Sacrifice and pathology:
All F0 parental animals were sacrificed under pentobarbitone anesthesia by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta and vena cava. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology, special attention being given to the reproductive organs. All pups with scheduled sacrifice on PND 4 were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia with CO2. All pups were examined externally, eviscerated and their organs were assessed
macroscopically, paying particular attention to potential changes of pericardial blood vessels. All pups that die before schedule or were sacrificed in a moribund state were examined externally, eviscerated and their organs were assessed macroscopically, paying particular attention to potential changes of pericardial blood vessels.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Remarks:
systemic toxicity
Effect level:
>= 40 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed up to the highest tested dose.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEC
Remarks:
local effect
Effect level:
16 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
gross pathology
histopathology: non-neoplastic
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Remarks:
local effects
Effect level:
4 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed at this dose.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Remarks:
reproductive performance and fertility
Effect level:
>= 40 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed up to the highest tested dose.
Critical effects observed:
not specified
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of this Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for general systemic toxicity as well as reproductive performance, fertility and developmental toxicity in male and female Wistar rats was 40 mg/m³. The NOAEC for local signs of toxicity in male and female Wistar rats was 4 mg/m³.
Executive summary:

2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol was administered via inhalation to groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats (F0 animals) at concentrations of 4, 16, and 40 mg/m³. Regarding clinical examinations, no signs of general systemic toxicity were observed in male and female parental animals at any dose level during the entire study period. During the exposure period, the target concentrations were maintained as constant and stable as could be provided with liquid aerosol generation techniques in the concentration range tested. Fertility indices for male and female animals were not impaired by test-substance administration even at a dose level of 40 mg/m³. In addition, live birth and viability indices of pups in all test groups were not influenced. Concerning clinical pathology no treatment-related, adverse effects were observed up to a dose level of 40 mg/m3. With regard to pathology, treatment-related microscopic changes were observed in larynx (level 1) and consisted of increased squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium and chronic (active) inflammation at level 1 of the larynx only to a marginal or slight degree. This was observed in both sexes. Histopathological examination of the mid- and low-dose groups of the larynx at this level 1 revealed that these treatment-related findings (squamous metaplasia and chronic [active] inflammation) were also observed in the mid-dose group (16 mg/m³), however, to a lesser severity degree compared to the high-dose groups (40 mg/m³). Other macroscopic and/or microscopic changes observed were either non-dose related and/or considered to be normal background changes. No treatment-related changes were observed in both sexes at a concentration of 4 mg/m³.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
4 mg/m³
Study duration:
subacute
Species:
rat

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 411 (Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): DGA
- Substance type: clear, colorless
- Physical state: liquid
- Lot/batch No.: 9F10
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 15 July 2001
- Stability under test conditions: stability information was not provided
- Storage condition of test material: room temp
Species:
rat
Strain:
Sprague-Dawley
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Sprague Dawley, strain Hsd:SD
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 143-247 grams
* before the study: rats were groups-housed by sex
* during the study: animals were housed individually in stainless steel cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Teklad Certified LM-485 rodent diet, ad libitum, except overnight prior to scheduled blood collectiong
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: min 7 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-25°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70% (during 2 days of the study, relative humidity was outside this range. However, this is not considered to have had any adverse
effect on the outcome of this study)
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h light, 12h dark


Type of coverage:
occlusive
Vehicle:
water
Details on exposure:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: between 10 and 20% of the body surface
- Type of wrap if used: gauze pad, rubber dam and an elastic bandage
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings: minimum of twice weekly


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): gently cleansed with gauze soaked in warm water and gently dried
- Time after start of exposure: 6h


TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml/kg bw /d
- Concentration (if solution): 0 - 17- 87- 175 mg/kg bw/d
- Constant volume or concentration used: yes


VEHICLE = deionized water
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml/kg bw/d
- Lot/batch no. (if required): 071099, 201099, 011199, 091199, 171199, 221199, 031299, 081299, 151299, 171299, 281299


USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: no data
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
nominal concentration (mg/kg bw/d): 0 - 50 - 250 - 500 respectively
actual concentration (mg/kg bw/d): 0 - 17 - 87 - 175 respectively
Duration of treatment / exposure:
approximately 6h
Frequency of treatment:
once daily, 90 consecutive days
Dose / conc.:
17 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Dose / conc.:
87 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Dose / conc.:
175 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10 male and 10 female rats per dose
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: dose level selected by the sponsor
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): random
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: no satellite group
Positive control:
no data
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily


DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: once daily


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:
at the time of randomisation
prior to dose administration on day 1
weekly (after that)
on day 91 (fasted)


FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes (weekly)


FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data


WATER CONSUMPTION: No data


OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: before treatment + prior to terminal sacrifice
- Dose groups that were examined: all animals


HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: on day 91, prior to terminale sacrifice
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, CO2
- Animals fasted: Yes , overnight
- How many animals: all surviving animals (= all animals, 80)
- Following parameters were examined.
* Hematology: differential white blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin,
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concntration, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, red blood cell count and morphology,
white blood cell count
* Coagulation: prothrombin time, acctivated partial thromboplastin time


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood:on day 91, prior to terminale sacrifice
- Animals fasted: Yes , overnight
- How many animals: all animals (80)
- Following parameters were examined:
* serum clinical chemistry: alanine aminotransferase, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio (calculated), aspartate aminotransferase, calcium,
chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, globulin (calculated), glucose, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total bilirubin,
total protein, triglycerides, urea nitrogen


URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: on day 90, urine was collected overnight
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Following parameters were examined:
* volume, specific gravity, appearance/color, semi-quantitative estimation: pH, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinoen, bilirubin,
blood, leukocytes, nitrites, microscopic examination of spun deposit

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on day 28 and day 90 during treatment
- Dose groups that were examined: all
- Battery of functions tested: observation of animals / sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: loss of righting reflex,
spontaneous locomotor activity, right pupil examination, various reflex responses


OTHER:
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
external surface of the body, all orifices, cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities together with their content

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
gross abnormalities, adrenals, aorta, whole brain, cecum, colon, duodenum, epididymides, esophagus, exorbital lachrymal gland,
eyes w/optic nerve, femur, fat (mesentery), heart, ileum, jejunum, kidneys, liver, lungs with mainstem bronchus, mammary gland(s), mesenteric
lymph nodes, ovaries, pancreas, pituitary, prostate, rectum, salivary glands (mandibular lymph nodes), sciatic nerve, seminal vesicle(s),
skin (with subcutis from a site other than the treated site), spinal cord at three levels - cervical, midthoracic, lumbar - spleen, sternum with bone
marrow, stomach, testes, thigh musculature (skeletal muscle), thymus, thyroids/parathyroids, tongue, trachea, treated site (dorsal thoracic region
with subcutis), urinary bladder, uterus, vagina

Statistics:
evaluation of equality of means: one-way analysis of variance usiing the F distribution to assess statistical significance
is differences between the means are statistically significant, Dunnett's test was used to determine the degree of significance.
Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no clinical signs of toxicity observed during the study
Dermal irritation:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Clinical signs of dermal irritation were noted.
-Erythema and edema of varying degrees was observed in both male and female 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d groups.
-Very slight erythema first appeared on day 6, 7 or 8 of 87 - 175 mg/kg bw/d groups.
-Very slight edema first appeared on day 7 in females recieving 175 mg/kg bw/d and progressed to severe edema by the end of the study.
-Very slight edema was seen on days 28, 38 or 33 respectively in females (87mg/kg bw/d) and males (87 or 175 mg/kg bw/d). This progresses to moderate to severe during the following 90 days of treatment. There was slightly more eythema and edema in females (87 mg/kg bw/d) compared to males recieving the same dose.
- additional signs noted in the male/female 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d dose groups were all related to irritation at the application site and included scab formation, sloughing, and black areas on the dosing site.
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Description (incidence):
no animals died during the study
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in group mean bw or body weight gains throughout the study
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in group mean food consumption throughout the study
Food efficiency:
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
no data


Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
no data
Ophthalmological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in ophthalmology examination, conducted during the final week of treatment
Haematological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
*Females, 87 mg/kg bw/d: statistically significant increase in absolute and relative neutrophil counts
* no test article-related differences in erythrocyte morphology for males or females
* no test article-related differences in hematology for males
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
* males, 175 mg/kg bw/d + females, 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d: statistically significant increases in globulin + decreases in albumin/globulin ratios
* all other stat. significant differences were withing normal historical ranges : were not considered to be test article-related
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related changes in any of the urinalyses parameters observed in M or F rates at the end of the treatment period
Behaviour (functional findings):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
* no test article-related neurotoxicity observed on day 28 or day 90.
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in absolute organ weights, relative organ to body weight ratios, or relative organ to brain weight-ratios
following 90 d of treatment.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
* scab formation of varying degrees was observed at the treatment site of males and females receiving 87 or 175 mg/kg bw/d (see table 9, p. 148)
* varous gross lesions on the skin at the treatment site were test article-related in male and females receiving 87 or 175 mg/kg bw/d
(namely respecitvely in 8/10 males and 10/10 females in 87 mg/kg bw/d dosing group; and 9/10 males and 9/10 females in 175 mg/kg bw/d).
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
test article-related microscopic changes were limited to the site of exposure and included ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, fibrosis and inflammation. there was some variation in the severity of these changes, however: most of the males and females in 87 - 175 mg/kg bw/d groups were affected with one or more of these changes. No evidence of a similar effect was seen in the control group and the lowest dose group.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
local effect
Effect level:
17 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effect observed at this dose.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Remarks:
local effects
Effect level:
87 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
dermal irritation
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
systemic effets
Effect level:
>= 175 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed up to the highest tested dose.
Critical effects observed:
not specified
Conclusions:
Application of DGA to an intact cutaneous site for approximately six hours, once daily for 90 consecutive days to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, results in ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, fibrosis and/or inflamation at doses of 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d. These changes represent local irritation following topical administration.
Based on the results of the study, the dermal NOAEL was at least 17 mg/kg bw/d while the systemic NOAEL was at least 175 mg/kg bw/d.
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
175 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subchronic
Species:
rat

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 411 (Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): DGA
- Substance type: clear, colorless
- Physical state: liquid
- Lot/batch No.: 9F10
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 15 July 2001
- Stability under test conditions: stability information was not provided
- Storage condition of test material: room temp
Species:
rat
Strain:
Sprague-Dawley
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Sprague Dawley, strain Hsd:SD
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 143-247 grams
* before the study: rats were groups-housed by sex
* during the study: animals were housed individually in stainless steel cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Teklad Certified LM-485 rodent diet, ad libitum, except overnight prior to scheduled blood collectiong
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: min 7 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-25°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70% (during 2 days of the study, relative humidity was outside this range. However, this is not considered to have had any adverse
effect on the outcome of this study)
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h light, 12h dark


Type of coverage:
occlusive
Vehicle:
water
Details on exposure:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: between 10 and 20% of the body surface
- Type of wrap if used: gauze pad, rubber dam and an elastic bandage
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings: minimum of twice weekly


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): gently cleansed with gauze soaked in warm water and gently dried
- Time after start of exposure: 6h


TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml/kg bw /d
- Concentration (if solution): 0 - 17- 87- 175 mg/kg bw/d
- Constant volume or concentration used: yes


VEHICLE = deionized water
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml/kg bw/d
- Lot/batch no. (if required): 071099, 201099, 011199, 091199, 171199, 221199, 031299, 081299, 151299, 171299, 281299


USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: no data
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
nominal concentration (mg/kg bw/d): 0 - 50 - 250 - 500 respectively
actual concentration (mg/kg bw/d): 0 - 17 - 87 - 175 respectively
Duration of treatment / exposure:
approximately 6h
Frequency of treatment:
once daily, 90 consecutive days
Dose / conc.:
17 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Dose / conc.:
87 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Dose / conc.:
175 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10 male and 10 female rats per dose
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: dose level selected by the sponsor
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): random
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: no satellite group
Positive control:
no data
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily


DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: once daily


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:
at the time of randomisation
prior to dose administration on day 1
weekly (after that)
on day 91 (fasted)


FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes (weekly)


FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data


WATER CONSUMPTION: No data


OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: before treatment + prior to terminal sacrifice
- Dose groups that were examined: all animals


HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: on day 91, prior to terminale sacrifice
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, CO2
- Animals fasted: Yes , overnight
- How many animals: all surviving animals (= all animals, 80)
- Following parameters were examined.
* Hematology: differential white blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin,
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concntration, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, red blood cell count and morphology,
white blood cell count
* Coagulation: prothrombin time, acctivated partial thromboplastin time


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood:on day 91, prior to terminale sacrifice
- Animals fasted: Yes , overnight
- How many animals: all animals (80)
- Following parameters were examined:
* serum clinical chemistry: alanine aminotransferase, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio (calculated), aspartate aminotransferase, calcium,
chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, globulin (calculated), glucose, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total bilirubin,
total protein, triglycerides, urea nitrogen


URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: on day 90, urine was collected overnight
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Following parameters were examined:
* volume, specific gravity, appearance/color, semi-quantitative estimation: pH, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinoen, bilirubin,
blood, leukocytes, nitrites, microscopic examination of spun deposit

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on day 28 and day 90 during treatment
- Dose groups that were examined: all
- Battery of functions tested: observation of animals / sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: loss of righting reflex,
spontaneous locomotor activity, right pupil examination, various reflex responses


OTHER:
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
external surface of the body, all orifices, cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities together with their content

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
gross abnormalities, adrenals, aorta, whole brain, cecum, colon, duodenum, epididymides, esophagus, exorbital lachrymal gland,
eyes w/optic nerve, femur, fat (mesentery), heart, ileum, jejunum, kidneys, liver, lungs with mainstem bronchus, mammary gland(s), mesenteric
lymph nodes, ovaries, pancreas, pituitary, prostate, rectum, salivary glands (mandibular lymph nodes), sciatic nerve, seminal vesicle(s),
skin (with subcutis from a site other than the treated site), spinal cord at three levels - cervical, midthoracic, lumbar - spleen, sternum with bone
marrow, stomach, testes, thigh musculature (skeletal muscle), thymus, thyroids/parathyroids, tongue, trachea, treated site (dorsal thoracic region
with subcutis), urinary bladder, uterus, vagina

Statistics:
evaluation of equality of means: one-way analysis of variance usiing the F distribution to assess statistical significance
is differences between the means are statistically significant, Dunnett's test was used to determine the degree of significance.
Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no clinical signs of toxicity observed during the study
Dermal irritation:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Clinical signs of dermal irritation were noted.
-Erythema and edema of varying degrees was observed in both male and female 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d groups.
-Very slight erythema first appeared on day 6, 7 or 8 of 87 - 175 mg/kg bw/d groups.
-Very slight edema first appeared on day 7 in females recieving 175 mg/kg bw/d and progressed to severe edema by the end of the study.
-Very slight edema was seen on days 28, 38 or 33 respectively in females (87mg/kg bw/d) and males (87 or 175 mg/kg bw/d). This progresses to moderate to severe during the following 90 days of treatment. There was slightly more eythema and edema in females (87 mg/kg bw/d) compared to males recieving the same dose.
- additional signs noted in the male/female 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d dose groups were all related to irritation at the application site and included scab formation, sloughing, and black areas on the dosing site.
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Description (incidence):
no animals died during the study
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in group mean bw or body weight gains throughout the study
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in group mean food consumption throughout the study
Food efficiency:
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
no data


Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
no data
Ophthalmological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in ophthalmology examination, conducted during the final week of treatment
Haematological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
*Females, 87 mg/kg bw/d: statistically significant increase in absolute and relative neutrophil counts
* no test article-related differences in erythrocyte morphology for males or females
* no test article-related differences in hematology for males
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
* males, 175 mg/kg bw/d + females, 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d: statistically significant increases in globulin + decreases in albumin/globulin ratios
* all other stat. significant differences were withing normal historical ranges : were not considered to be test article-related
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related changes in any of the urinalyses parameters observed in M or F rates at the end of the treatment period
Behaviour (functional findings):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
* no test article-related neurotoxicity observed on day 28 or day 90.
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
no test article-related differences in absolute organ weights, relative organ to body weight ratios, or relative organ to brain weight-ratios
following 90 d of treatment.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
* scab formation of varying degrees was observed at the treatment site of males and females receiving 87 or 175 mg/kg bw/d (see table 9, p. 148)
* varous gross lesions on the skin at the treatment site were test article-related in male and females receiving 87 or 175 mg/kg bw/d
(namely respecitvely in 8/10 males and 10/10 females in 87 mg/kg bw/d dosing group; and 9/10 males and 9/10 females in 175 mg/kg bw/d).
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
test article-related microscopic changes were limited to the site of exposure and included ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, fibrosis and inflammation. there was some variation in the severity of these changes, however: most of the males and females in 87 - 175 mg/kg bw/d groups were affected with one or more of these changes. No evidence of a similar effect was seen in the control group and the lowest dose group.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
local effect
Effect level:
17 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effect observed at this dose.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Remarks:
local effects
Effect level:
87 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
dermal irritation
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
systemic effets
Effect level:
>= 175 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No adverse effects observed up to the highest tested dose.
Critical effects observed:
not specified
Conclusions:
Application of DGA to an intact cutaneous site for approximately six hours, once daily for 90 consecutive days to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, results in ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, fibrosis and/or inflamation at doses of 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d. These changes represent local irritation following topical administration.
Based on the results of the study, the dermal NOAEL was at least 17 mg/kg bw/d while the systemic NOAEL was at least 175 mg/kg bw/d.
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
17
Study duration:
subchronic
Species:
rat

Additional information

In an OECD 422 study (BASF SE, 2022), the test 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol was administered daily as a constant homogeneous addition to the food in different concentrations to groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats to screen for potential systemic, reproductive and developmental toxicity. After a two-week premating period, these parental animals were paired and the females were allowed to give birth and bring up the offspring until sacrifice on PND 4 or PND 13. In males the overall mean dose of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol throughout the study was approx. 78 mg/kg body weight/day (mg/kg bw/d) in the 1500 ppm group, approx. 262 mg/kg bw/d in the 5000 ppm group and approx. 793 mg/kg bw/d in the 15000 ppm group; in females it was approx. 115 mg/kg body weight/day (mg/kg bw/d) in the 1500 ppm group, approx. 397 mg/kg bw/d in the 5000 ppm group and approx. 1175 mg/kg bw/d in the 15000 ppm group. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for general systemic toxicity, fertility and reproductive performance and for developmental toxicity in the offspring was 15000 ppm for male (about 793 mg/kg bw/d) and female (about 1175 mg/kg bw/d) Wistar rats, the highest concentration tested. This study was used as a dose-range-finder before a subsequent OECD 443. In the subsequent extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study according to OECD 443 and GLP (BASF SE, 2021), the test substance was administered via diet to groups of 25 male and 25 female Wistar rats at doses of 0, 113, 340 and 1129 mg/kg bw/day. No treatment-related adverse effects were observed in rats at 113 and 340 mg/kg bw/day. At 1129 mg/kg F0 parental females showed signs of clinical toxicity (hypothermia, respiratory sounds) mortality and reduced food consumption during lactation. Thus, under the conditions of the extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for general, systemic toxicity is 3750 ppm (340 mg/kg bw/d).


 


In a subchronic dermal study following OECD test guideline 411 and GLP (Huntsman, 2002) application of the test substance to an intact cutaneous site for approximately 6 hours, once daily for 90 consecutive days resulted in ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, fibrosis and inflammation at doses of 87 and 175 mg/kg bw/d. These changes represent local irritation following topical administration. Based on the results of the study, the NOAEL for local effects was at least 17 mg/kg bw/d while the systemic NOAEL was at least 175 mg/kg bw/d.


 


In a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test according to OECD 422 and GLP (BASF SE, 2010), the test substance was administered via inhalation (aerosol) to groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats (F0 animals) at concentrations of 4, 16, and 40 mg/m³. Regarding clinical examinations, no signs of general systemic toxicity were observed in male and female parental animals at any dose level during the entire study period. Fertility indices for male and female animals were not impaired by test-substance administration even at a dose level of 40 mg/m³. In addition, live birth and viability indices of pups in all test groups were not influenced. Concerning clinical pathology no treatment-related, adverse effects were observed up to a dose level of 40 mg/m3. With regard to pathology, treatment-related microscopic changes were observed in larynx (level 1) and consisted of increased squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium and chronic (active) inflammation at level 1 of the larynx only to a marginal or slight degree. This was observed in both sexes. Histopathological examination of the mid- and low-dose groups of the larynx at this level 1 revealed that these treatment-related findings (squamous metaplasia and chronic [active] inflammation) were also observed in the mid-dose group (16 mg/m³), however, to a lesser severity degree compared to the high-dose groups (40 mg/m³). Other macroscopic and/or microscopic changes observed were either non-dose related and/or considered to be normal background changes. No treatment-related changes were observed in both sexes at a concentration of 4 mg/m³. Thus, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for general systemic toxicity as well as reproductive performance, fertility and developmental toxicity was 40 mg/m³. The NOAEC for local effects was 4 mg/m³.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008


The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation 1272/2008. As a result, the substance is not warranted to be classified for repeated dose toxicity under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, as amended for the fourteenth time in Regulation (EC) No. 2020/217.


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