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Administrative data

Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: oral
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From Oct. 1, 1978 to Oct. 10, 1979
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Reference Type:
secondary source
Title:
1H-1,2,4-triazole CAS No. 288-88-0
Author:
EPA
Year:
2009
Bibliographic source:
US EPA HPV Challenge Program, Test plan submission, july 2009
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1979
Report date:
1979

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
Version / remarks:
- reliability scoring based on 1998 guideline.
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
Study predates GLP.
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
1,2,4-triazole
EC Number:
206-022-9
EC Name:
1,2,4-triazole
Cas Number:
288-88-0
Molecular formula:
C2H3N3
IUPAC Name:
1H-1,2,4-triazole
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Test substance was identified by chemical name (1,2,4-Triazole).
- Lot/batch No.: 16001/78
- Analytical purity: 99.6%

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Winkelmann, Borchen
- Age at study initiation: ~ 5 to 6 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 82 g (males) and females 78 g (females)
- Housing: Singly & conventionally in Makrolon cages type II (SPIEGEL and GOENNERT, 1961) on dust-free wood granulate
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Altromin powdered feed, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Not precised, ad libitum
- Acclimation : no data

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 1ºC
- Humidity : no data
-Air change : no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours/12 hours

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: feed
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on oral exposure:
no
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
no
Duration of treatment / exposure:
3 months
Frequency of treatment:
Daily
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
100 ppm (males = 7.79 mg/kg bw/d, females = 10.23 mg/kg bw/d)
Basis:
nominal in diet
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
500 ppm (males =37.85 mg/kg bw/d, females = 54.20 mg/kg bw/d)
Basis:
nominal in diet
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
2500 ppm (males = 212.30 mg/kg bw/d, females =266.69 mg/kg bw/d)
Basis:
nominal in diet
No. of animals per sex per dose:
15 animals/sexe/group
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
Details on study design:
no
Positive control:
no

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: inspected daily, and a weekly record was kept of any alterations and signs occurring.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: carried out 1 and 3 months after start of study on 5 males and 5 females in each case. The urines were collected over a period of about 17 hours.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: recorded weekly.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
URINALYSIS: Yes

OTHER: body temperatures were taken rectally for all males and females in all the dose groups, 1 and 3 months after start of study, using a second thermometer.
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Other examinations:
no
Statistics:
The following were calculated: arithmetic group means, standard deviations, upper and lower confidence limits on the confidence level of 1 - alpha = 95 % and 1 - alpha = 99 %. The comparison of the values of the test collective with the control collective was made by means of the significance test (U test) after Mann, Whitney and Wilcoxon, on the significance level of alpha = 5 % and alpha = 1 %. An IBM 370/145 computer was used. The random lists were produced by means of the Subprogram Randu from the Scientific Subroutine Package from IBM on the IBM 370 computer.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Clinical biochemistry findings:
no effects observed
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The findings of the urinalyses after one and three months of the study period for five males and five females from each group did not reveal any differences between controls and treated rats up to the dose group of 2500 ppm
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
After 2500 ppm the thymus, heart, lung, spleen and testicle weights of the males, and the lung weights of the females were significantly lower than those of the controls due to the low body weights.
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Liver: Female animals in the control and dose groups, and males in the control and dose groups up to and including 500 ppm, occasionally exhibited slight fine-dust fat infiltrations in periphero-lobular hepatocytes.
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
no effects observed
Details on results:
CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: In the 2500 ppm dose group, 2 males and 2 females exhibited temporary slight convulsions. The other animals behaved normally. None of the animals died.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: Males and females in the 100 and 500 ppm study groups gained weight at about the same rate as the controls. Individual weekly means after 500 ppm which deviate significantly from the values for the controls are without toxicological importance, as the differences are very slight, and both higher (males) and lower figures (females) occurred. The dose of 2500 ppm resulted in significantly lower body weights in the males for the entire study period, and in the females for the majority of the determination dates.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): The males and females administered the active ingredient up to a dose of 2500 ppm in their feed consumed about the same amount of powdered feed as the controls.

HAEMATOLOGY: Haemoglobin content and haematocrit value were lower in comparison to the controls in dose correlation. The differences are significant (p< 0.05) after 500 (only haematocrit) and 2500 ppm. In addition the MCH and MCV values were significantly lower after 2500 ppm. In the case of the females, there were no relevant and significant variations between treated and control groups. The differential blood count figures listed indicate that the treated animals in the study groups up to 2500 ppm did not differ from the controls in percentages of various cell forms. The structures of the various cell types also did not reveal any pathological findings.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Treated animals in all the study groups up to 2500 ppm did not differ significantly and in dose correlation from the controls. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the transaminases GOT and GPT, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) did not reveal any toxicologically significant differences between treated rats in the groups up to 2500 ppm and the control animals. These study groups also did not differ significantly in bilirubin and total protein concentrations in the plasma.

ORGAN WEIGHTS: After 2500 ppm the thymus, heart, lung, spleen and testicle weights of the males, and the lung weights of the females were significantly lower than those of the controls due to the low body weights. The other organ weight differences are slight and are not distributed in a dose correlation.

GROSS PATHOLOGY: The autopsies on all the rats did not detect any indications of specific damage in the study groups up to 2500 ppm.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: (Liver) Female animals in the control and dose groups, and males in the control and dose groups up to and including 500 ppm, occasionally exhibited slight fine-dust fat infiltrations in periphero-lobular hepatocytes. Slightly increased fine droplet lipid infiltration in individual hepatocytes was observed in animal 102 (male, 2500 ppm). Animals 103 and 105 (both males, 2500 ppm) showed signs of moderately defined centrolobular fat infiltration in the liver parenchyma cells; Oil-Red-O positive substances were present in fine to large droplet form and did not produce birefraction when examined under a polarization microscope. Animals 103 and 105 had visibly empty vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. There were no histopathological findings present in any other organs.

Effect levels

open allclose all
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
500 ppm
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: Males : 37.85 mg/kg bw/d, Females : 54.20 mg/kg bw/d. No lesions in any animals.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Effect level:
2 500 ppm
Basis for effect level:
other: temporary slight convulsions, significantly lower bodyweights, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value decreased significantly, decreased of organ weights, and histopathological findings in liver (hepatocellular fat accumulation, males only).

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:
not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
According to this 90 days study , the NOAEL was of 500 ppm (37.85 mg/kg bw/d, males) and 54.2 mg/kg/day for the females.
Executive summary:

The repeated study was made in accordance to OECD 408 guideline and GLP requirements. Male and female rats (15 animals/sexe/dose) were exposed to 1,2,4-triazole during 90 days at 100, 500 and 2500 ppm in feed. Body weight, clinical signs, food consumption, haematology, chinical chemistry, urinalysis, body temperature and necropsy were studied and registered.

No mortality was observed during the study, no changes of the food consumption or clinical chemistry, no gross pathology, at any dose.

Effects of 1,2,4 -triazole were observed at 2500 ppm : temporary slight convulsions, significantly lower bodyweights, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value decreased significantly, decreased of organ weights, and histopathological findings in liver.

According to this study, the NOAEL was of 500 ppm (37.85 mg/kg bw/d, males ; 54.20 mg/kg bw/d, females).