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EC number: 244-334-7 | CAS number: 21324-40-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- other: Information on major hydrolysis product of the registered substance (released rapidly on contact with water/moisture).
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study report cited in an authoritative expert review, but lacking experimental detail
- Justification for type of information:
- Part of weight-of-evidence approach adapting the information requirements of Annex IX 9.4.1 and Annex X 9.4.4 under REACH in accordance with Annex XI Section 1.2. Lithium hexafluorophosphate is reactive and unstable in water and air. Reaction in contact with water proceeds rapidly, with release of hydrogen fluoride (forming hydrofluoric acid). The reaction can be summarised as: LiPF6 + 4H2O → 5HF + LiF + H3PO4 The release of HF occurs within 4 seconds in water (Unpublished stability and degradation report, 2011). HF dissociates to release F- in water, and subsequently, the lithium fluoride hydrolysis product will dissociate, releasing F- ions. Hence the toxicity of LiPF6 to terrestrial organisms is determined by the toxicities of its hydrolysis products F-, Li+ and PO4(3-). Sufficient data concerning these toxicities are available to allow determination of the environmental toxicity of LiPF6 without the performance of new tests: the available information on toxicity to mammalian and aquatic organisms clearly indicates that fluoride is the most toxic of the hydrolysis products and hence it is appropriate to focus on this to characterise the toxicity of LiPF6 to terrestrial organisms. In accordance with section 2 of REACH Annex XI, adsorption testing of LiPF6 is not technically possible due to its high reactivity and instability.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test of long-term toxicity to the woodlouse (non-guideline test method).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
F- is a product of the rapid reaction of LiPF6 with water - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Porcellus scaber
- Animal group:
- Crustacea (soil-dwelling woodlouse)
- Total exposure duration:
- 126 d
- Duration:
- 126 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 800 other: mg/kg soil (dw or wet wt not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: F- concentration
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Beyer et al 1987
- Conclusions:
- The cited NOEC for NaF (800 mg/kg soil) corresponds to 1066 mg LiPF6/kg (based on complete F- release).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- other: Information on major hydrolysis product of the registered substance (released rapidly on contact with water/moisture).
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well described report of an experimental study, published in a peer-reviewed journal
- Justification for type of information:
- Part of weight-of-evidence approach adapting the information requirements of Annex IX 9.4.1 and Annex X 9.4.4 under REACH in accordance with Annex XI Section 1.2. Lithium hexafluorophosphate is reactive and unstable in water and air. Reaction in contact with water proceeds rapidly, with release of hydrogen fluoride (forming hydrofluoric acid). The reaction can be summarised as: LiPF6 + 4H2O → 5HF + LiF + H3PO4 The release of HF occurs within 4 seconds in water (Unpublished stability and degradation report, 2011). HF dissociates to release F- in water, and subsequently, the lithium fluoride hydrolysis product will dissociate, releasing F- ions. Hence the toxicity of LiPF6 to terrestrial organisms is determined by the toxicities of its hydrolysis products F-, Li+ and PO4(3-). Sufficient data concerning these toxicities are available to allow determination of the environmental toxicity of LiPF6 without the performance of new tests: the available information on toxicity to mammalian and aquatic organisms clearly indicates that fluoride is the most toxic of the hydrolysis products and hence it is appropriate to focus on this to characterise the toxicity of LiPF6 to terrestrial organisms. In accordance with section 2 of REACH Annex XI, adsorption testing of LiPF6 is not technically possible due to its high reactivity and instability.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Investigation of fluoride toxicity to the arthropod Porcellio scaber ina micro-ecosystem with leaf litter substrate
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Application method:
- other: test substance dissolved in water and mixed with leaf litter substrate
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
F- is a product of the rapid reaction of LiPF6 with water - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Litter samples were analysed prior to KF addition, 4 weeks later (prior to woodlouse introduction) and at the end of the experimental period
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Poplar leaf litter collected from a Dutch forest was air-dried and cut int small pieces; this was wetted with aqueous KF solution. Water was then evaporated at 20C to give 2.3:1 water:dry material
- Test organisms (species):
- Porcellus scaber
- Animal group:
- Crustacea (soil-dwelling woodlouse)
- Study type:
- extended laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 5 wk
- Remarks:
- Woodlice were introduced after 4 weeks of microsystem stabilisation and exposed for a total of 5 weeks
- Test temperature:
- 15C
- Humidity:
- Water content was maintained by wetting of sand (held in a layer below the leaf litter, separated by nylon gauze)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations were 0, 1.7, 5.3, 17, 53, 170 micromol F-/g litter (32 - 3230 mg F-/kg dw litter).
Measured concentrations:
- total F- 1.37 (untreated control), 1.90, 7.53, 17.79, 59.58, 190.00 micromol F-/g (26 - 3610 mg F-/kg dw litter).
- extractable F- 0.15 (untreated control), 1.11, 2.79, 8.42, 10.79, 25.00 micromol F-/g (2.8 - 475 mg F-/kg dw litter). - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 5 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 230 other: mg/kg dw substrate
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: fluoride concentration
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Conclusions:
- Woodlice showed little sensitivity to fluoride, even at high concentration in the tested leaf litter substrate.
Referenceopen allclose all
No further information available
Description of key information
A 5-week NOEC value for the woodlouse was determined to be 3230 mg/kg substrate dry weight, using a leaf litter substrate (Van Wensem and Adema, 1991). This corresponds to an LiPF6 concentration of 4304 mg/kg dry weight.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
- 3 230 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Woodlice showed little sensitivity to fluoride
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