Registration Dossier
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EC number: 203-444-5 | CAS number: 106-93-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Repeat dose toxicity information is only available via the inhalation route. The key study for the inhalation route (Nitschke et al, 1980) reported a NOEC value of 3ppm. Based upon a molecular weight of 187.8612 a value of 3ppm is equal to 23.05mg/m^3.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- 23.05 mg/m³
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
Additional information
Nitschke et al, 1980, was selected as the key study for the repeat dose toxicity endpoint. The study was conducted in a similar manner to the OECD 413 guideline (Subchronic inhalation toxicity: 90-day), however the exposure period was extended to 13 weeks (95-96 days). This deviation was considered not to affect the reliability of the result and the study was therefore awarded a reliability score of 1.
The Nitschke et al, 1980, study was conducted on rats using test concentrations of 3, 10 and 40ppm. 40 male and 20 female rats were tested per dose level, a concurrent control group was also used for comparison of results.
The registered substance produced a reduction in body weight, adverse effects on the respiratory system, nasal turbinates and liver at 40 ppm. At 10ppm the registered substance produced adverse effects on the respiratory system, however at 3ppm no effects were observed. The NOEC was therefore set at 3ppm.
Nitschke et al (1981), Rowe et al (1952) and Wong et al (1980) are provided as supporting information only.
Nitschke et al, 1981, was a publication of the Nitschke et al, 1980, study. The publication provided less information than the study report and was therefore considered less reliable than the study report. All results and conclusions reported in the Nitschke et al, 1981, were equal to those reported in the study report Nitschke et al, 1980.
Rowe et al, 1952, was conducted on rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and monkeys exposued to concentrations of 25, 50 or 100ppm for 7 hours, 5 days per week for 6 months. A NOAEC of 25ppm was set for rabbits and monkeys. Four of the guinea pigs died of a pulmonary infection during the course of the study. 50% of the male rats and 3 of the female rats died during the study due to pneumonia and infections of the upper respiratory tract.
Wong et al, 1980, was conducted on rats with disulfiram added to the diet of the test animals. Animals were exposed to 20ppm concentrations 5 days per week for 18 months. It was concluded that the 20ppm exposure had an adverse effect on the test animals, toxic effects were enhanced by addition of disulfiram to the diet.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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