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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 206-674-4 | CAS number: 366-18-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 972
- Report date:
- 1972
- Reference Type:
- other: method publication
- Title:
- A method for determining the dermal toxicity of pesticides
- Author:
- Noakes DN, Sanderson DM
- Year:
- 1 969
- Bibliographic source:
- Br J Ind Med. 1969, 26(1):59-64;
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method according to Noakes and Sanderson was used (Noakes DN, Sanderson DM, Br J Ind Med. 1969, 26(1):59-64). Briefly, the test item was applied on a 6x8 cm area of the skin of albino rats (whose hair was previously clipped) and then occlusively covered by a double layer of plaster. Exposure time was 24 h after which the plaster was removed and the test item was washed away using water and detergent. Observation time was 7 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-bipyridyl
- EC Number:
- 206-674-4
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-bipyridyl
- Cas Number:
- 366-18-7
- Molecular formula:
- C10H8N2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-bipyridine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2,2'-bipyridyl
- Substance type: yellowish-fawn crystalline solid
- Physical state: solid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Alderley Park SPF albino
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 170-240 g
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back
- Type of wrap if used: plaster, double-layered
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes with warm water and soap
- Time after start of exposure: 24 h
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.625 - 5 g/kg bw
- Constant volume or concentration used: no data
- For solids, paste formed: yes - Duration of exposure:
- 24 h
- Doses:
- 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 7 days
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Statistics:
- In the study report at hand, only a LD50 range was given.
The here reported LD50 was calculated as arithmetic mean between the 625 and the 1250 mg/kg bw dose group.
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 625 - < 1 250 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: data as given in the study report
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD0
- Effect level:
- 625 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: data as given in the study report
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD100
- Effect level:
- 1 250 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: data as given in the study report
- Mortality:
- At all but the lowest dose (625 mg/kg bw), animals died within 24-48 h (table 1).
- Clinical signs:
- other: Animals in the 625 mg/kg bw dose group were hunched with piloerection but showed no tremors. In all but the lowest dose group, animals showed marked tremors and excreted orange-colored urine. The site of application showed severe erythema after removal of
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Cumulative mortality amongst rats treated dermally with 2,2’-bipyridine:
Time after application [d] |
Dose [mg/kg bw] and cumulative mortality |
|||
625 |
1250 |
2500 |
5000 |
|
1 |
0/3 |
2/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
2 |
0/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
7 |
0/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- After dermal application of 2,2-bipyridine to rats under occlusive dressing, 0 rats died at a dose of 625 mg/kg bw (LD0) but all rats in the group died at 1250 mg/kg bw (LD100). The LD50 is therefore between 625 and 1250 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
Dermal toxicity of 2,2'-bipyridine to rats was assessed by applying the test item as aqueous paste to the clipped skin of female rats for 24 h under occlusive dressing. The test item was applied in concentrations of 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg bw to three animals per dose group. Subsequently, the dressing was removed, the application site was washed and the animals were observed for 7 d.
The study was neither performed according to a guideline nor under GLP. Also were no information on body weights/weight gain available.
In all but the lowest dose (625 mg/kg bw), all animals died within 48 h after application exhibiting orange-colored urine and marked tremor. None of the rats in the 625 mg/kg bw dose group died but hunched posture with piloerection and impaired weight gain was observed in these animals. In all rats, severe erythema were observed at the application site after removal of the dressing.
The LD50 was between 625 and 1250 mg/kg bw.
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