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EC number: 215-149-9 | CAS number: 1306-25-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
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- Endpoint summary
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- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
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- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD guideline No 232
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Application method:
- contact
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: Folsomia candida (Willem)
Source:Combined limit/range-finding test: In-house laboratory culture with known history.
Final test: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences (Animal Ecology), VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Reason for selection:This system has been selected as an internationally accepted species.
Characteristics:For the test, synchronous, 10 to 13-day old juvenile springtails were used.
Start of each batch: Adult springtails were placed in small containers with plaster of Paris base. Batches were split up in case of overcrowding. Springtails were transferred to fresh medium regularly. Breeding medium was humidified regularly with RO-water.
Composition of culture medium:Mixture of plaster of Paris (Knauf B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands) and activated charcoal (Sigma Aldrich, The Netherlands). Plaster of Paris provides highly moist substrate, while the charcoal adsorbs waste gases and excretion products.
Temperature:20 ± 1°C
Feeding: Twice a week with dry yeast (Dr.Oetker).
Light: 16 hours photoperiod daily; 400-800 lux.
Test duration: 28 days - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 20°C +-1 with a range of 20 +- 2°C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- Parameter Day 0 Day 28
pH
Control 8.0 8.2
10 mg/kg d.s. 7.8 8.3
32 mg/kg d.s. 8.0 8.3
100 mg/kg d.s.8.0 8.3
320 mg/kg d.s.8.0 8.4
1000 mg/kg d.s.8.0 8.4 - Humidity:
- Parameter Day 0 Day 28
Control 47 46
10 mg/kg d.s. 45 45
32 mg/kg d.s. 46 46
100 mg/kg d.s.46 46
320 mg/kg d.s.45 44
1000 mg/kg d.s.44 44 - Photoperiod and lighting:
- Parameter Day 0 Day 28
Light intensity (lux) 560 529 - Details on test conditions:
- Test vessels: Volume: approximately 100 ml glass jar, covered with a plastic lid.
Synchronization of a batch: 25 days prior to the test adult springtails were placed in small containers with plaster of Paris base and allowed to lay eggs over a two-day period. After this time adults were removed. Thirteen days after the first juveniles emerge from the eggs they were used for the test.
Artificial soil: According to the guideline. Weight of components based on dry mass:
5% sphagnum peat, no visible plant remains, finely ground (Lentse Potgrond, Lent, The Netherlands);
20% kaolin clay (China Clay Ast, source Silex Pottenbakkersmaterialen, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands);
~74% industrial sand, >50% of particles between 50 and 200 microns (Zilverzand M32, source Eurogrit B.V., Nieuwegein, The Netherlands);
<1.0% calcium carbonate (analytical grade, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) to obtain an initial pH of 6.0 ± 0.5;
The dry constituents are mixed thoroughly before addition of the test substance.
Number of replicates: 8 for the control, 4 for each test concentration.
Loading: 10 springtails per vessel (containing approximately 30 g of wet soil).
Temperature: 20 ± 1°C with a temperature range of 20 ± 2°C.
pH: 6.0 ± 0.5
Aeration: Twice a week by briefly opening the lid.
Light: 16 hours photoperiod daily, intensity 400 - 800 lux.
Feeding: Weekly with approx. 2 mg dry yeast (Dr. Oetker).
On day 14 test vessels were weighted in order to check for loss of moisture. If the difference in weight between day 0 and day 14 was higher than 2% an appropriate amount of Mili-RO water was added.
After preparation of the test media springtails were tapped from the breeding containers and introduced in the test containers - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- CdTe
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- adults
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- CdTe
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI = 0.63-205
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- CdTe
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- CdTe
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- CdTe
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- When the difference in the number of young springtails was smaller than 20% then an average was calculated and the integer number was used forfurther analyses. Otherwise, additional counting was performed by these two persons at the same time and the results was taken for further analysis.
For the final test springtails were counted by one person. As no significant mortality (>20%) was observed in any of the concentrations tested, nostatistical analysis was performed. The EC10 and EC50 for reproduction was based on log-linear regression analysis of the percentages of reproduction inhibition versus the logarithms of the corresponding nominal exposure concentrations of the test substance.
For determination of the NOEC data of the limit concentration was statistically compared with data from the control treatment (Bonfferoni t-test) after checking for normality and homogeneity of variation (TOXSTAT Release 3.5, 1996, D.D. Gulley, A.M. Boelter, H.L. Bergman). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Test done according standard protocol.
- Executive summary:
Under the conditions of the study CdTe had no effect on reproduction of adult springtails (Folsomia candida) at 10 mg/kg dw (NOEC). The NOEC for mortality was 1000 mg/kg dw. The LC50 for mortality of adult springtails was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded 1000 mg/kg dw. The EC10 for reproduction was 11 mg/kg dw with a 95% CI between 0.63 -205 mg/kg dw. The EC50 for reproduction was beyond the range tested, ie exceeded 1000 mg/kg dw.
Reference
Total mortality of adult springtails observed in the control treatment was 5%. Mortality obseved in test groups ranged from 2.5 to 10% and was considered biologically not significant. Moreover, the observed mortality was not related to the dose applied.
Mean mortality in the final test
CdTe (mg/kg dw) | replicate number of springtails day 0 | number of adult springtails day 28 | moratlity day 28 | mortality day 28 (%) | mortality (group mean) day 28 (%) |
control | A | 10 | 8 | 2 | 20 |
control | B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
control | C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Control | D | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
control | E | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Control | F | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
control | G | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Control | H | 10 | 8 | 2 | 20 |
10 | A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
10 | B | 10 | 9 | 1 | 10 |
10 | C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
10 | D | 10 | 9 | 1 | 10 |
32 | A | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
32 | B | 10 | 9 | 1 | 10 |
32 | C | 10 | 8 | 2 | 20 |
32 | D | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
100 | A | 10 | 9 | 1 | 10 |
100 | B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
100 | C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
100 | D | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
320 | A | 10 | 8 | 2 | 20 |
320 | B | 10 | 8 | 2 | 20 |
320 | C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
320 | D | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
1000 | A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
1000 | B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
1000 | C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
1000 | D | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
On average 844 instars per replicate were found in the control. The coefficient of variation was 12%. Effects on reproduction ranged from 10 to 40% reduction and were related to applied doses at 10 through 320 mg/kg dw. The effects observed at 10,100 and 100 mg/kg dw were in agreement with the results of the combined limit/range finding test. Note that the effect observed at the highest concentration was lower than one observed 32 mg/kg dw and it was statistically not different from the control. For the worst-case scenario NOEC was set to 10 mg/kg dw. In the view of the fact that the EC10 for reproduction was 11 mg/kg dw the NOEC of 10 mg/kg dw seems to be a good estimate.
CdTe concentration (mg/kg dw) | replicate | number of instars (reproduction) day 28 | reduction in reproduction (%) | group mean reduction in reproduction (%) |
control | A | 911 | ||
control | B | 1004 | ||
control | C | 696 | ||
control | D | 888 | ||
control | E | 878 | ||
control | F | 728 | ||
control | G | 876 | ||
control | H | 768 | ||
10 | A | 602 | 29 | 10 |
10 | B | 828 | 1.9 | |
10 | C | 876 | -3.8 | |
10 | D | 747 | 11 | |
32 | A | 728 | 14 | 19* |
32 | B | 625 | 26 | |
32 | C | 630 | 25 | |
32 | D | 744 | 12 | |
100 | A | 512 | 39 | 25 * |
100 | B | 735 | 13 | |
100 | C | 690 | 18 | |
100 | D | 585 | 31 | |
320 | A | 588 | 30 | 40* |
320 | B | 532 | 37 | |
320 | C | 521 | 38 | |
320 | D | 393 | 53 | |
1000 | A | 597 | 29 | 14 |
1000 | B | 670 | 21 | |
1000 | C | 884 | -4.8 | |
1000 | D | 751 | 11 |
* statistically signficant (p<0.01)
Description of key information
An ecotoxicity study was performed using Folsomia candida as test species.
No effects were seen up to a concentration of 10 mg CdTe/kg DW.
As Cd2+ ion determines ecotoxicity, the PNEC deriviation will be based on the Cd 2+ ion as determined in the RA (ECB 2007).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil dwelling arthropods:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Under the conditions of the study CdTe had no effect on reproduction of adult springtails (Folsomia candida) at 10 mg/kg dw (NOEC). The NOEC for mortality was 1000 mg/kg dw. The LC50 for mortality of adult springtails was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded 1000 mg/kg dw. The EC10 for reproduction was 11 mg/kg dw with a 95% CI between 0.63 -205 mg/kg dw. The EC50 for reproduction was beyond the range tested, ie exceeded 1000 mg/kg dw.
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