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EC number: 229-494-8 | CAS number: 6574-99-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
No data are available on eye and skin irritation for 3,4-dichlorobenzonitrile.
Due to precautionary measures relevant endpoint data available for 2-chlorobenzonitrile and 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitril are read-across to 3,4-dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural similiarties of these two substances. Therefore, 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile is classified as H319 ("Causes serious eye irritation").
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- June 1981
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available on skin irritation/corrosion testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural similarities. 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile is as well as 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile, is a disubstituted Benzonitrile. Both substances only differ in the position of the chloro substituents. Furthermore both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have a water octanol partition coefficient of 2.2 and 2.8. This might perhaps also lead to a similiar skin irritation/corrosion potential of both substances.
for Justification of read across see section 13.2 - Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Russian White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: own breed
- Weight at study initiation: at least 2.5 and 2.8 kg
- Housing: during the post oberservation period the animals were housed in V2A-steelcages with a floor area of 0.4 m2.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): KF-G 774 of Laboratorium für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 2104 Hamburg 92, Germany) ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 +/- 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 60 +/- 5 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light (150 Lux), 12 hours dark - Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 30-60 minutes and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exposure
- Number of animals:
- 6 rabbits (3 male and 3 female)
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: max. 6 cm2 of the shaved dorsum skin
- Type of wrap if used: linen lobe with plastic film and bandage (Leukoplast, P. Beiersdorf & Co. AG, Unnastraße 48, 2000 Hamburg, Germany)
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no data
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours
SCORING SYSTEM:
Skin reaction erythema and eschar generation:
0: no erythema
1: very slight, barely perceptible erythema
2: distinctive erythema
3: moderate till serious erythema
4: serious (deep red) erythema till light eschar generation (serious damage)
skin reaction edema generation:
0: no edema
1: very slight, barely perceptible erythema
2: moderate edema with clear definition
3: moderate edema (swelling approx. 1 mm)
4: serious edema (swelling greater than 1 mm and overlapping the area of exposure)
Furthermore the appearance of necrosis was examined. - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was tested to be not skin irritating in a test equivalent to OECD 404.
- Executive summary:
As there is no data available on skin irritation testing with 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile relevant endpoint data available for 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance (without any unecessary animal testing) according to GHS. The Read-Across approach was based on structrual and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliablitity).
2,6 -Dichlorobenzontrile was tested to be not skin irritating in a test equivalent to OECD 404. This agrees with the non skin irritating property of 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile. Therefore 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was also classified as non irritating to skin.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available skin irritation/corrosion testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2-Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural and physico chemical similarities. 2-Chlorobenzonitrile, as well as 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile is a Chloro substituted Benzonitrile. Although 2-Chlorobenzonitrile is only monosubstituted both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have similar water octanol partition coefficients (2.2 and 2.8). This might perhaps also lead to a similiar skin irritation/corrosion potential of both substances.
For justificatoin of read across see section 13.2 - Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: hair was removed with an electric clipper
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 4 days
- Number of animals:
- Three rabbits
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- A single semi-occlusive application of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile to intact rabbit skin for four hours elicited no dermal irritation.
- Executive summary:
A single semi-occlusive application of 0.5 g 2-Chlorobenzonitrile to intact skin of 3 New Zealand White rabbits for 4 hours according to OECD 404 elicited no dermal irritation.
Examination of the treated skin was made on Day 1 (i.e. approximately 30 min after removal of the patches) and on days 2, 3, and 4 after removing the gauze pads according to the OECD scoring system.
As there is no data available on skin irritation/corrosion testing 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile relevant endpoint data available for 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance (without any uneccesary animal testing) according to GHS. The Read-Across approach was based on structural and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliability).
2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was tested to be non irritating to skin. This agrees with the non skin irritating property of 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile. Therefore 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was also classified as non irritating to skin.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- June 1981
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available on skin irritation/corrosion testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural similarities. 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile is as well as 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile, is a disubstituted Benzonitrile. Both substances only differ in the position of the chloro substituents. Furthermore both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have a water octanol partition coefficient of 2.2 and 2.8. This might perhaps also lead to a similiar skin irritation/corrosion potential of both substances.
for Justification of read across see section 13.2 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Russian White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: own breed
- Weight at study initiation: at least 2.5 and 2.8 kg
- Housing: during the post oberservation period the animals were housed in V2A-steelcages with a floor area of 0.4 m2.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): KF-G 774 of Laboratorium für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 2104 Hamburg 92, Germany) ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 +/- 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 60 +/- 5 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light (150 Lux), 12 hours dark - Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 30-60 minutes and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exposure
- Number of animals:
- 6 rabbits (3 male and 3 female)
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: max. 6 cm2 of the shaved dorsum skin
- Type of wrap if used: linen lobe with plastic film and bandage (Leukoplast, P. Beiersdorf & Co. AG, Unnastraße 48, 2000 Hamburg, Germany)
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no data
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours
SCORING SYSTEM:
Skin reaction erythema and eschar generation:
0: no erythema
1: very slight, barely perceptible erythema
2: distinctive erythema
3: moderate till serious erythema
4: serious (deep red) erythema till light eschar generation (serious damage)
skin reaction edema generation:
0: no edema
1: very slight, barely perceptible erythema
2: moderate edema with clear definition
3: moderate edema (swelling approx. 1 mm)
4: serious edema (swelling greater than 1 mm and overlapping the area of exposure)
Furthermore the appearance of necrosis was examined. - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was tested to be not skin irritating in a test equivalent to OECD 404.
- Executive summary:
As there is no data available on skin irritation testing with 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile relevant endpoint data available for 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance (without any unecessary animal testing) according to GHS. The Read-Across approach was based on structrual and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliablitity).
2,6 -Dichlorobenzontrile was tested to be not skin irritating in a test equivalent to OECD 404. This agrees with the non skin irritating property of 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile. Therefore 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was also classified as non irritating to skin.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available skin irritation/corrosion testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2-Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural and physico chemical similarities. 2-Chlorobenzonitrile, as well as 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile is a Chloro substituted Benzonitrile. Although 2-Chlorobenzonitrile is only monosubstituted both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have similar water octanol partition coefficients (2.2 and 2.8). This might perhaps also lead to a similiar skin irritation/corrosion potential of both substances.
For justificatoin of read across see section 13.2 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: hair was removed with an electric clipper
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 4 days
- Number of animals:
- Three rabbits
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- A single semi-occlusive application of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile to intact rabbit skin for four hours elicited no dermal irritation.
- Executive summary:
A single semi-occlusive application of 0.5 g 2-Chlorobenzonitrile to intact skin of 3 New Zealand White rabbits for 4 hours according to OECD 404 elicited no dermal irritation.
Examination of the treated skin was made on Day 1 (i.e. approximately 30 min after removal of the patches) and on days 2, 3, and 4 after removing the gauze pads according to the OECD scoring system.
As there is no data available on skin irritation/corrosion testing 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile relevant endpoint data available for 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance (without any uneccesary animal testing) according to GHS. The Read-Across approach was based on structural and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliability).
2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was tested to be non irritating to skin. This agrees with the non skin irritating property of 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile. Therefore 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was also classified as non irritating to skin.
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro skin irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin irritation study are available
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- June 1981
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available on eye irritation testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural similarities. 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile is as well as 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile, is a disubstituted Benzonitrile. Both substances only differ in the position of the chloro substituents. Furthermore both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have a water octanol partition coefficient of 2.2 and 2.8. This might perhaps also lead to a similiar eye irritation potential of both substances.
For Justifcation of read across see section 13.2 - Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: White Russian
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: own breed
- Weight at study initiation: 2.5 - 2.8 kg
- Housing: single in V2A-steelcages with a floor area of 0.4 m2)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): KF-G 774 of Laboratorium für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 2104 Hamburg 92, Germany) ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 +/- 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 60 +/- 5%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light (300 Lux), 12 hours dark - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- other: right eye served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100 mg - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- no data
- Observation period (in vivo):
- before the application, 1, 24 and 72 hours after the apllication
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 rabbits (3 males and 3 females)
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no data
- Time after start of exposure: no data
SCORING SYSTEM:
on the basis of DRAIZE - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Fluorecein Test
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was tested to be not eye irritatting in a test equivalent to OECD 405.
- Executive summary:
2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was tested to be not eye irritation in a test equivalent to OECD 405.
As therer is no data available on eye irritation testing with 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile relevant endpoint data available for 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance (without any unecessary animal testing) according to GHS. The Read-Across approach was based on structural and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliability).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available on eye irritation testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2-Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural and physico chemical similarities. 2-Chlorobenzonitrile, as well as 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile is a Chloro substituted Benzonitrile. Although 2-Chlorobenzonitrile is only monosubstituted both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have similar water octanol partition coefficients (2.2 and 2.8). This might perhaps also lead to a similiar eye irritation potential of both substances.
For Justification of read across see section 13.2 - Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Single instillation of 0.1 ml of the test substance (approx. 90 mg of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile) into the lower everted eye lid of one eye of each animal.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Examination of the eyes was made after 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after instillation
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 females
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 813
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 813
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 813
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - < 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 840
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 840
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 840
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 841
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 841
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 841
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 2-Chlorobenzonitrile elicited transient, corneal opacification and temporary well-defined conjunctival reactions.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP guideline study according to OECD 405 (1987) 0.1 ml (approx. 90 mg) 2-Chlorobenzonitrile was installed into the lower everted eye lid of one eye of each of 3 female New Zealand White rabbits. Examination of the eyes was made after 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after instillation. All animals were observed daily for signs of ill health or toxic signs.The test material elicited transient, corneal opacification and temporary well-defined conjunctival reactions.
Two of three animals show corneal effects >=1 after 24 -72h. Based on the scoring result the classification “H319: Causes serious eye irritation” is warranted.
This endpoint data from 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance according to GHS (without any unecessary animal testing). The Read-Across approach was based on structural and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliability).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- June 1981
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available on eye irritation testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural similarities. 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile is as well as 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile, is a disubstituted Benzonitrile. Both substances only differ in the position of the chloro substituents. Furthermore both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have a water octanol partition coefficient of 2.2 and 2.8. This might perhaps also lead to a similiar eye irritation potential of both substances.
For Justifcation of read across see section 13.2 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: White Russian
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: own breed
- Weight at study initiation: 2.5 - 2.8 kg
- Housing: single in V2A-steelcages with a floor area of 0.4 m2)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): KF-G 774 of Laboratorium für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 2104 Hamburg 92, Germany) ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 +/- 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 60 +/- 5%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light (300 Lux), 12 hours dark - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- other: right eye served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100 mg - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- no data
- Observation period (in vivo):
- before the application, 1, 24 and 72 hours after the apllication
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 rabbits (3 males and 3 females)
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no data
- Time after start of exposure: no data
SCORING SYSTEM:
on the basis of DRAIZE - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Fluorecein Test
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was tested to be not eye irritatting in a test equivalent to OECD 405.
- Executive summary:
2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was tested to be not eye irritation in a test equivalent to OECD 405.
As therer is no data available on eye irritation testing with 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile relevant endpoint data available for 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance (without any unecessary animal testing) according to GHS. The Read-Across approach was based on structural and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliability).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- There is no data available on eye irritation testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2-Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural and physico chemical similarities. 2-Chlorobenzonitrile, as well as 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile is a Chloro substituted Benzonitrile. Although 2-Chlorobenzonitrile is only monosubstituted both substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have similar water octanol partition coefficients (2.2 and 2.8). This might perhaps also lead to a similiar eye irritation potential of both substances.
For Justification of read across see section 13.2 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Single instillation of 0.1 ml of the test substance (approx. 90 mg of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile) into the lower everted eye lid of one eye of each animal.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Examination of the eyes was made after 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after instillation
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 females
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 813
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 813
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 813
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - < 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 840
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 4 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 840
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 840
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 841
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 841
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- named in the report as 841
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 1 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 2-Chlorobenzonitrile elicited transient, corneal opacification and temporary well-defined conjunctival reactions.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP guideline study according to OECD 405 (1987) 0.1 ml (approx. 90 mg) 2-Chlorobenzonitrile was installed into the lower everted eye lid of one eye of each of 3 female New Zealand White rabbits. Examination of the eyes was made after 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after instillation. All animals were observed daily for signs of ill health or toxic signs.The test material elicited transient, corneal opacification and temporary well-defined conjunctival reactions.
Two of three animals show corneal effects >=1 after 24 -72h. Based on the scoring result the classification “H319: Causes serious eye irritation” is warranted.
This endpoint data from 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile in order to classify the substance according to GHS (without any unecessary animal testing). The Read-Across approach was based on structural and physico chemical similarities (see rational for reliability).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro eye irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo eye irritation study are available
Referenceopen allclose all
Ocular reactions elicited by 2-Chlorobenzonitrile
Rabbit Number and sex |
Body weight (Day 1) |
Region of Eye |
One hour |
Day after instillation |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
|||||
813 female |
2665 g |
Cornea |
Density |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Area |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Conjunctivae |
Redness |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Chemosis |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
840 female |
2770 g |
Cornea |
Density |
0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Area |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Conjunctivae |
Redness |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Chemosis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
841 female |
3020 g |
Cornea |
Density |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
Area |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|||
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Conjunctivae |
Redness |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Chemosis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Ocular reactions elicited by 2-Chlorobenzonitrile
Rabbit Number and sex |
Body weight (Day 1) |
Region of Eye |
One hour |
Day after instillation |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
|||||
813 female |
2665 g |
Cornea |
Density |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Area |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Conjunctivae |
Redness |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Chemosis |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
840 female |
2770 g |
Cornea |
Density |
0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Area |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Conjunctivae |
Redness |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Chemosis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
841 female |
3020 g |
Cornea |
Density |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
Area |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|||
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
Conjunctivae |
Redness |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Chemosis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Justification for Read-Across:
There is no data available on eye or skin irritation/corrosion testing with 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile. In order to classify the substance according to GHS relevant endpoint data available for 2-Chlorobenzonitrile and 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile was read-acrossed to 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile based on structural and physico chemical similarities.
2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile, as well as 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile is a disubstituted Benzonitrile. Both substances only differ in the position of the chloro substituents. 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile is a next lower homologon of 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile. Furthermore all three substances are solid, practically insoluble in water and have a water octanol partition coefficient between 2.2 and 2.8. This might perhaps also lead to a similiar toxicological behavior. The Read-Across approach assumes that if a Monochlorobenzonitrile and a Dichlorobenzonitrile show effects on skin or eyes, it is likely that a second Dichlorobenzonitrile also shows this similar behavior, particularly if it has the shows the same physico chemical properties (solid, practically insoluble in water and log Kow between 2.2 and 2.8).
Skin irritation:
2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was tested to be non irritating to skin. This agrees with the non skin irritating property of 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile. Therefore 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was also classified as non irritating to skin.
Eye irritation:
2 -Chlorobenzonitrile was tested in a OECD 405 guideline study to cause elicited transient, corneal opacification and temporary well-defined conjunctival reactions.Based on the scoring result the classification “H319: Causes serious eye irritation” is warranted. This does not agree with the non eye irritating property of 2,6 -Dichlorobenzonitrile. Nevertheless, in considerations of safety, 3,4 -Dichlorobenzonitrile was classified as eye irritation cat.2 H319 following the results of the study with 2 -Chlorobenzonitrile.
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