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EC number: 200-543-5 | CAS number: 62-56-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: no guideline reported
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bioconcentration was measured by using the average constant exposure to the chemical dissolved in water (exclusive uptake through water).
BCF was measured after 3 days of exposure.
BCF (3 d) = (concentration of chemical in fish wet weight [µg/g])/(medium concentration of chemical in water [µg/g])
No further details reported. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Leuciscus idus melanotus
- Details on test organisms:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- static
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 3 d
- Hardness:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- TOC:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Details on test conditions:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- No details reported.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- < 10 dimensionless
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conc.in environment / dose:not reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The BCF of thiourea for the fish Leuciscus idus melanotus is reported to be < 10.
- Executive summary:
Bioconcentration of thiourea in Leuciscus idus melanotus was measured by using the average constant exposure to the chemical dissolved in water (exclusive uptake through water). The BCF was determined after 3 days of exposure based on the following equation: BCF (3 d) = (concentration of chemical in fish wet weight [µg/g]) / (medium concentration of chemical in water [µg/g]). The BCF of thiourea for the fish Leuciscus idus melanotus is reported to be < 10.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: no guideline reported
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Algae with dry weights of 20 mg/200 mL were exposed to 14C-labelled thiourea (50µg/L) in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask with glass stoppers in nutrient solution for at least 24 h at room temperature (20-25 °C). The samples were illuminated (16 hours per day) and agitated. After 24 hours the algae suspension was centrifuged (4000 rpm). Algae were removed and a hydroluma scintillation cocktail was used for counting aliquots in the water sample. The 14C activity in the algae was determined by combustion (Packard Tri Carb liquid scintillation counter model 3385).
The bioaccumulation factor was calculated as follows:
BCF (1 d) = (c(thiourea) in algae wet weight)/(final chemical concentration in water) [(µg/g algae)/(µg/g water)] - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Chlorella fusca
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- static
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 1 d
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 50 µg/L
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- The bioaccumulation factor was calculated as follows:
BCF (1 d) = (c(thiourea) in algae wet weight)/(final chemical concentration in water) [(µg/g algae)/(µg/g water)] - Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 54 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conc.in environment / dose:50 µg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The BCF of thiourea for the alga Chlorella was determined to be 54.
- Executive summary:
Algae (Chlorella) with dry weights of 20 mg/200 ml were exposed to 14C-labelled thiourea (50 µg/L) in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask with glass stoppers in nutrient solution for at least 24 h at room temperature (20-25 °C). The samples were illuminated (16 hours per day) and agitated. After 24 hours the algae suspension was centrifuged (4000 rpm). Algae were removed and a hydroluma scintillation cocktail was used for counting aliquots in the water sample. The 14C activity in the algae was determined by LSC (Packard Tri Carb liquid scintillation counter model 3385) following combustion.
The bioaccumulation factor was calculated as follows: BCF (1d) = (c(thiourea) in algae wet weight) / (final chemical concentration in water) [(µg/g algae)/(µg/g water)].
The BCF (1 d) for the alga Chlorella was determined to be 54 [dimensionless].
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1978-07-01 to 1979-03-16.
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Remarks:
- Original reference is not available. (NITE: Existing chemicals survey program in CSCL, Japan)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 305 C (Bioaccumulation: Test for the Degree of Bioconcentration in Fish)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test guideline: Bioaccumulation test of a chemical substance in fish or shellfish (Bioaccumulation test).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 6 wk
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1st concentration area 3 ppm, 2nd concentration area 0.3 ppm
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- <= 0.2 dimensionless
- Basis:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conc.in environment / dose:3 ppm
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- <= 2 dimensionless
- Basis:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conc.in environment / dose:0,3 ppm
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Thiourea has a low potential for bioaccumulation.
- Executive summary:
Thiourea was tested for its bioaccumulation potential in Cyprinus carpio according to a guideline similar to OECD 305C. The substance was tested at initial concentrations of 0.3 ppm and 3 ppm for six weeks under flow-through conditions.
After six weeks the following results were obtained:
- Initial concentration 0.3 ppm: BCF ≤ 2
- Initial concentration 3 ppm: BCF ≤ 0.2
Therefore, thiourea was assessed as having a low potential for bioaccumulation.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance has a low potential for bioaccumulation based on log Kow <=3
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
No reliable studies (Klimisch score 1 or 2) are available for thiourea.
However, a new reliable bioaccumulation in aquatic species study does not need to be conducted, as in accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex IX the substance has a low potential for bioaccumulation (log octanol water partition coefficient less than 3).
This is further supported by two studies (both with reliability score 3) conducted by Geyer et al. (1984) and Freitag et al. (1985) examining bioconcentration in algae (Chlorella) and fish (Leuciscus idus melanotus) after 1 and 3 days, respectively. The BCF (1 d) for the alga Chlorella was determined to be 54. The BCF (3 d) of thiourea for the fish Leuciscus idus melanotus is reported to be < 10.
In addition, the study available in the context of the existing chemicals survey program in CSCL, Japan (NITE) demonstrates a BCF for Cyprinus carpio in the range of < 0.2 to < 2.
Therefore, it can be concluded that thiourea does not have a significant potential for bioaccumulation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 54 dimensionless
Additional information
Studies with a reliability score of 1 or 2 (Klimisch) that might be used in the assessment of thiourea are not available. Nonetheless, a new reliable bioaccumulation study in aquatic species does not need to be conducted, as in accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex IX the substance has a low potential for bioaccumulation (the substance has a log octanol-water partition coefficient less than 3).
However, two studies with a reliability score fo 3 conducted by Geyer et al. (1984) and Freitag et al. (1985), as well as one study rated "4" (NITE) are available that support the waiving argument:
Geyer et al. (1985) exposed algae (Chlorella) with dry weights of 20 mg/200 ml to 14C-labelled thiourea (50 µg/L) in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with glass stoppers in nutrient solution for at least 24 h at room temperature (20-25 °C). The samples were illuminated (16 hours per day) and agitated. After 24 hours the algae suspension was centrifuged (4000 rpm). Algae were removed and a hydroluma scintillation cocktail was used for counting radioactivity in the water sample. The 14C activity in the algae was determined by LSC after combustion (Packard Tri Carb liquid scintillation counter model 3385).
The bioaccumulation factor was calculated as follows:
BCF (1 d) = (c(thiourea) in algae wet weight) / (final chemical concentration in water) [(µg/g algae) / (µg/g water)].
The BCF (1 d) for the alga Chlorella was determined to be 54.
Freitag et al. (1985) determined the bioconcentration of thiourea in the fish Leuciscus idus melanotus via the average constant exposure to the chemical dissolved in water (exclusive uptake through water). The BCF was determined after 3 days of exposure using the following equation:
BCF (3 d) = (concentration of chemical in fish wet weight [µg/g]) / (medium concentration of chemical in water [µg/g])
The BCF of thiourea for the fish Leuciscus idus melanotus is reported to be < 10.
In the context of the "Existing chemicals survey program" in CSCL, Japan (NITE) one study is available where thiourea was tested for its bioaccumulation potential in Cyprinus carpio according to a guideline similar to OECD 305C. The substance was tested at initial concentrations of 0.3 ppm and 3 ppm for six weeks under flow-through conditions.
After six weeks the following results were obtained:
- Initial concentration 0.3 ppm: BCF ≤ 2
- Initial concentration 3 ppm: BCF ≤ 0.2
Due to the information and results presented above, it can be concluded that thiourea does not have a significant potential for bioaccumulation. The highest value of BCF = 54 is used as key value in the risk assessment, following a worst case approach.
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