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EC number: 247-323-5 | CAS number: 25899-50-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990-10-18 to 1991-05-06
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 991
- Report date:
- 1991
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 798.1150 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (Z)-pent-2-enenitrile
- EC Number:
- 247-323-5
- EC Name:
- (Z)-pent-2-enenitrile
- Cas Number:
- 25899-50-7
- Molecular formula:
- C5H7N
- IUPAC Name:
- (2Z)-pent-2-enenitrile
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): cis-2-Pentenenitrile
- Physical state: colorless liquid
- Stability under test conditions: the test material was assumed to be stable throughout the exposure phase of the study
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: CRL: CD BR
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River breeding laboratories, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Age at study initiation: approximately 8 weeks old (7 weeks old upon arrival)
- Weight at study initiation: 240-299 g (males), 175-235 g (females)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: singly or in pairs (sexes separate) in 8 x 14 x 8 suspended, stainless steel, wire mesh cages
- Diet: except during exposure, Purina certified rodent chow #5002 ad libitum
- Water: except during exposure, water from the Wilmington Suburban Water Corporation ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 6 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 23 +/- 2 °C
- Humidity: 50 +/- 10 %
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod: 12 hrs dark / 12 hrs light
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1990-10-18 To: 1990-11-27
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: nose-only
- Exposure chamber volume: 29-L cylindrical glass
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: perforated, polycarbonate cylinders with conical nose pieces were inserted into the exposure chamber
- Source and rate of air: Brooks Sho-Rate rotameter, 35 L/min
- Method of conditioning air: chamber atmospheres were exhausted through a 1-L glass impinger containing sodium hydroxyde, a dry-ice cold trap, and a MSA particulate filter then discharged into the fume hood.
- Atmosphere generation: vaporization of the test material in a stream of filtered air heated to 100 °C. The test material was metered into a J-shaped glass tube containing 6 mm glass beads with a Harvard apparatus model 22 compact infusion pump. Chilled, filtered dilution air was added to the heated air/test material mixture. The generated train then fed into the exposure chamber with a baffle positioned in the airstream to aid in the distribution of the test material within the chamber.
- Temperature: 23-28 °C, measured continually with a Omega Type K thermocouple thermometers and recorded at least 7 times during each
exposure.
- Humidity: 21-58 %, measured once during each exposure with a Reuter-Stokes model RSS-230 Micro-psychrometer.
- Oxygen concentration: 21 % and measured with a Biosystems Model 3100R oxygen monitor 1 time during each exposure. Chamber relative
humidity and chamber temperatures were out of the targeted rang, these chamber conditions were not considered to have adversly affected the
validity of this study.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: approximately 3-liter samples of chamber tmospheres were drawn from the breathing zone of the rats through two glass, fritted midget impingers connected in tandem. The impingers were each filled with 10 mL of acetonitrile. The resulting solution obtained from the tandem impingers was analized by gas chromatography, using flame ionization as the method of detection. The atmospheric concentration of the cis-2-Pentenenitrile in these samples was determined by comparison of liquid standards prepared in acetonitrile. Prior to the test exposure, gravimetric samples were taken from the chamber in order to confirm that no aerosol had been created by the method of generation used in this study.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
- Other: the chamber distribution of the vapor was characterized under a separate investigation by taking impinger samples from several different locations on the chamber face plate in the breathing zone of rats. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 18, 140, 650, 900 and 1200 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 animals/sex/dose
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days (18 ppm), 28 days (140, 650, 900 and 1200 ppm) due to the persistance of
clinical signs.
- Frequency of observations and weighing: immediately after they were removed from the restrainers, following exposure and then each day during
the 14- or 28-day post-exposure period
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no - Statistics:
- Probit analysis was used for the determination of the EC50
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 850 ppm
- 95% CL:
- >= 740 - <= 970
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2.82 mg/L (analytical concentration)
- Mortality:
- Mortality was 0/10, 0/10, 0/10, 8/10, and 9/10 at 18, 140, 650, 900, and 1200 ppm, respectively. The majority of the rats died within 1-2 days
following exposure, with the exception of one female rat exposed at 900 ppm that died 4 days following exposure. There were no sex-related
differences in the response of rats in this study based on the lethality. See Table 7.2.2/2. - Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs of toxicity could not be assessed during exposure because the method of restraint prevented clear visual observation of the rats. During exposures, tapping on the chamber elicited a response from all rats. Upon removal of the rats from re
- Body weight:
- By the first day following exposure, most rats exhibited weight loss. Male rats exposed to 18 ppm cis-2-pentenenitrile lost from 2-4% of their initial body weight, while females lost from 0.3-4% of their initial body weight. At higher concentrations (exposures >=140 ppm), male rats lost from 10-17% and females lost 4-14% of their initial body weight. Generally, all rats gained weight over the recovery period, but surviving rats exposed at all levels experienced some periods of transient body weight loss throughout the recovery period.
- Gross pathology:
- Not applicable
- Other findings:
- A number of clinical signs that were observed were suggestive of central nervous system effects. These included abnormal gait and mobility, ataxia, hyperreactivity, hypersensitivity, tremors, forward circling, backward circling, splaying of the feet, bobbing of the head, vocalizations, chattering of the teeth, rolling behavior, wobbling behavior, and walking backward. Effects such as abnormal gait, ataxia, circling behavior, head bobbing movement, vocalizations, and tremors were noted in non-lethal levels as low as 140 ppm. Many of these effects appeared reversible within 1-4 days following exposure. However, abnormal gait and mobility, circling behaviors, splaying of the feet, and head bobbing movement were observed throughout the 28-day recovery period in rats exposed at concentrations of 650 ppm or greater. These clinical signs, when present in rats exposed at 140 ppm, were not as persistent as in rats exposed at levels greater than 140 ppm. Other clinical signs noted during the recovery period included alopecia, lung noise, weakness, and stained perineum.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 7.2.2/2: Number of animals dead and time range within which mortality occurred
Analytical concetration (ppm) |
Mortality (# dead/total) |
Time range of deaths |
||
Male |
Female |
Combined |
||
18 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/10 |
- |
140 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/10 |
- |
650 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/10 |
- |
900 |
5/5 |
3/5 |
8/10 |
1 d (3M), 2 d (2M, 2F), 4 d (1F) |
1200 |
4/5 |
5/5 |
9/10 |
1 d (4M, 4F), 2 d (1F) |
M = male
F = female
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Toxicity Category III
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions,cis-2-Pentenenitrile is classified in Category 3 (H331; Toxic if inhaled) according to the CLP Regulation (1272/2008) and as harmful by inhalation (Xn; R20) according to the Directive 67/548/EEC.
- Executive summary:
In an acute inhalation toxicity study performed similarly to the OECD test guideline No. 403 (1981) and in compliance with EPA GLP, groups of 8-weeks old Crl:CD®BR rats (5/sex) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to vapors of cis-2-Pentenenitrile (98.6 % pure) for 4 hours at concentrations of 0.06, 0.46, 2.16, 2.99 or 3.98 mg/L (18, 140, 650, 900 or 1200 ppm) . Animals were then observed for 14 or 28 days due to the persistence of clinical signs.
Mortality occurred at 2.99 and 3.98 mg/L. There were no sex-related differences in the response of rats in this study based on the lethality.
LC50Combined = 2.82 mg/L (2.45 -3.22 mg/L)
The clinical observations made during the recovery period in rats exposed at a level of 0.46 mg/L or greater were indicative of central nervous system effects. These observations included abnormal gait and mobility, hyperreactivity, hypersensitivity, muscle fasciculations, tremors and chattering of the teeth. Many of these clinical signs were absent within 1 to 4 days of their initial observation. However, other observations such as circling behavior, splaying of the feet, and head bobbing movement were observed throughout much of the recovery period.
Under the test conditions,cis-2-Pentenenitrile is classified in Category 3 (H331; Toxic if inhaled) according to the CLP Regulation (1272/2008) and as harmful by inhalation (Xn; R20) according to the Directive 67/548/EEC.
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