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Toxicological information

Toxicity to reproduction

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
toxicity to reproduction
Remarks:
other: screening
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2012-2013
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study was conducted by a GLP accredited laboratory using OECD Testing Guideline 422. The study was conducted on 6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid, which is the carboxylic acid component of the registered substance i.e. tosyl salt.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to other study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2013
Report date:
2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
Tosyl carboxylic acid
IUPAC Name:
Tosyl carboxylic acid
Constituent 2
Reference substance name:
6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid
IUPAC Name:
6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid
Constituent 3
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
6-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]amino]hexanoic acid
EC Number:
278-934-5
EC Name:
6-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]amino]hexanoic acid
Cas Number:
78521-39-8
Molecular formula:
C13H19NO4S
Test material form:
solid: crystalline
Details on test material:
Physical state: solid, white crystalline powder
- Batch No.: 110526S
- Expiry date: 26.05.2013
- Purity: 99.24% (taken as 100%)
- Instructions for storage: Room temperature, tighly closed container, cool, dry, only in original container
- Colour: white
- Odour: odourless

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Germany, D-97633 Sulzfeld
- Age at purchase: 11 weeks
- weight rage at time of grouping: males, 175-200 g
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: 2 per cage,
- Cages: TECHNIPLAST filter top cages type 2145 F with an G-Temp (PSU) durable filter cover, 480x265x210 mm³, floor area 940 cm²,
- Source: Techniplast Company, Italy
- Diet: ad libitum, M3, BONAGRO Ltd., reg. CZ 10174, Czech Republic
- Water: ad libitum, tap water
- Acclimation period: 9 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +/- 2
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
water
Details on exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:

VEHICLE: suspension in water
- Amount of vehicle: 10 ml/kg at similar times each day
Details on mating procedure:
- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1 (probably) (male animals: see Endpoint study record in section 7.5.1 "Repeated dose Toxicity")
- Length of cohabitation: until copulation/ up to 14 days
- Verification of same strain and source of both sexes: yes
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: Each morning the females were examined for the presence of sperm in vaginal lavages
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually.
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: no
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
no
Duration of treatment / exposure:
males: 54 administrations, (2 weeks before mating, 2 weeks during mating and 26 days after mating period)
females: 14 days pre-mating period and until mating, through the pregnancy period (assuming 20 days pregnancy) until lactation day 3 after delivery (4 days lactation period)
Frequency of treatment:
daily by stomach tube
Details on study schedule:
- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: 14 weeks
Doses / concentrations
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
actual ingested doses
Basis:
actual ingested
0, 100, 400, 1600 mg/kg bw./day
No. of animals per sex per dose:
12
Control animals:
yes
Details on study design:
- Control groups: drinking water
- Dose selection rationale: Results of an acute toxicity study with oral administration to male and female rats
- Result: no effects up to and including 2000 mg/kg bw.
- Rationale for animal assignment: randomly grouped
- Section schedule rationale: all animals were sacrificed
Positive control:
no

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on administration days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 42, 50 and on day of autopsy, pups within 24 hours of parturition and on day 4 post-partum

FOOD CONSUMPTION : 2 weeks before mating, after 2 week mating period and weekly until the end of the study

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: day 14 (before mating) and prior to autopsy from the satelite groups and from the control and high dose group.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood:day 14 (before mating) and prior to autopsy from the satelite groups and from the control and high dose group.

URINALYSIS: No
Sperm parameters (parental animals):
Parameters examined in male parental generations: testis weight, epididymis weight, histopathology of testis and epidymidis
Litter observations:
PARAMETERS EXAMINED
numbers of pups born, delivery index, number of pups alive, birth index, live birth index, pup weight on day 0 of lactation, sex ratio, number of pups alive on day 4 of lactation, pup weight on day 4 of lactation, general status of pups, observation of external deformities, corpora lutea, implantations, visible resorptions, early resorptions


GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS: yes, for external and internal abnormalities
Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes

SACRIFICE
- Male animals after 54 days: All surviving animals
- Female animals: Sacrifice on lactation day 4 (starting with day 0),

ORGAN WEIGHTS
- Organ weights: brain, heart, thymus, spleen, liver, testis, epididymis, kidney, adrenal gland

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes: high dose and control animals
- Organ: medulla oblongata, brain, heart, pancreas + lymphnode, spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, stomach, kidneys, adrenal gland, testes, prostrate, urinary bladder, bone + bone marrow, thymus, trachea, white + brown fat, muscle, pituitary gland
Postmortem examinations (offspring):
Gross pathology: observation of external deformities
Statistics:
Statistical evaluation was operated using the software SPPS version 16.0. Group data were represented by mean, standard deviation and median. Statistical analysis in case of data measured once during the study (organ weight, haematology, clinical chemistry) : Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparison between control and individual experimental groups on significance level alpha = 0.05.
Statistical analysis in case of repeated data measurement (body weight, food intake): Repeated measures ANOVA (procedure General Linear Model (GLM) for Repeated Measures in SPSS statistical software).
Reproductive indices:
number of mated pairs, number of copulated pairs, copulation index, number of pregnant animals, fertility index, pairing days until copulation, frequency of vaginal estrus, number of pregnant females, number of pregnant females with pups alive, gestation index, gestation lenth in days, number of corpora lutea, number of imlantation sites, implantation index, number of pups born, delivery index
Offspring viability indices:
number of pups alive, birth index, live birth index, pup weight on day 0 of lactation, sex ratio, number of pups alive on day 4 of lactation, viability index, pup weight on day 4 of lactation, general status of pups, observation of external deformities

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
f
Other effects:
not examined

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
no effects observed
Reproductive function: sperm measures:
not examined
Reproductive performance:
no effects observed

Details on results (P0)

CLINICAL SIGNS:
- 100, 400 and 1600 mg/kg bw/day:
no differences to the control animals observable

MORTALITY: no

BODY WEIGHT GAIN: 1600 mg/kg bw: reduced

FOOD CONSUMPTION: no statistical differences

HAEMATOLOGY/ CLINICAL CHEMISTRY:
Haematology and clinical chemistry reveales some statistically significant differences, but these were not related to dosage or not confirmed by the findings in other groups, for example by the results of the satellite groups, or the effects are of biological low relevance i.e..

URINALYSIS: not examined

NEUROBEHAVIOUR: not examined

ORGAN WEIGHTS: no statistical differences

GROSS PATHOLOGY: no dosage related effects

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: no statistical differences

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC: no statistical differences

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: not given

Effect levels (P0)

open allclose all
Dose descriptor:
NOEL
Remarks:
fertility
Effect level:
>= 1 600 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: see 'Remark'
Remarks on result:
other: Generation: P and F1 (migrated information)
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
400 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: Considered to be the NOAEL for systemic and reproduction-developmental toxicity.

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Mortality / viability:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Sexual maturation:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not examined
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings:
not examined

Details on results (F1)

CLINICAL SIGNS (OFFSPRING): no abnormalities in the general status

BODY WEIGHT (OFFSPRING): no significant differences between the control group and the various dosage groups were observed in males or females in body weights on day 0

On lactation day 4 a higher number of dead pups was counted in the high-dose level group. Moreover, there was a statistically significant but very low difference in the body weight between the control group and the 400 and the 1600 mg/kg bw dose groups. However, this difference is considered to be of low biological relevance.

GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING): no external deformities were observed in the surviving pups on the day of birth. In autopsies of pups on lactation day 4, no abnormalities were observed in the control, nor were any abnormalities in the autopsy of the dead pup.

Effect levels (F1)

Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
400 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other:
Remarks on result:
other: 1600 mg test substance may have induced an influence on the body weight development of the males and the survival of pups until day 4 after birth.

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:
not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Daily dosages of 0, 100, 400, and 1600 mg ASC plus/kg bw. were administered by stomach tube to groups of 12 male and female rats. Treatment of males: 54 administrations, (2 weeks before mating, 2 weeks during mating and 26 days after mating period), treatment of females: 14 days pre-mating period and until mating, through the pregnancy period (assuming 20 days pregnancy) until lactation day 3 after delivery (4 days lactation period) for 54 days.
Additional satellite groups of 5 male and 5 female were treated with 0 and 1600 mg ASC plus/kg bw. and used for observation of reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence of systemic toxic effects for at least 14 days post treatment.
The test-article was formulated in drinking water and administered in 10 ml/kg bw..
At dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg bw. the animals showed no differences to the control animals (NOAEL).
1600 mg ASC plus/kg bw. may have induced an influence on the body weight gain of the males and the survival of pups until day 4 after birth.
NOAEL: 400 mg/kg bw. However NOAEL (Fertility) = 1600 mg/kg bw.
Executive summary:

The toxicity of the test substance to reproduction was determined in accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 422. Dose of 0, 100, 400, and 1600 mg/kg bw/day of the test substance were administered by stomach tube to groups of 12 male rats for 54 days. The test-article was formulated in drinking water and administered in 10 ml/kg bw. Histopathology and gross necropsy did not reveal any test article related changes. The organ weights showed some statistically significant differences, but these were not related to dosage or not affirmed by the findings in other groups, for example by the results of the satellite groups.

The same is true for the statistical significant differences of the haematological parameters and the result of the clinical chemistry, especially decreased activities of the liver enzymes in the blood. These are merely statistical effects without biological relevance. Two effects with a possible relation to the oral administration of the test substance were observed:

- At birth no differences were observed between the groups, but on day 4 after birth a higher number of dead pups was counted in the high-dose level group.

- With male rats a dose dependent decrease in body weight is observed. This effect is in the highest dose group statistically significant and confirmed by the satelite group but not confirmed by the body weight development of the females and not confirmed by the food consumption of males and females.

Although the influence of an infection by a parasite could be a possible explanation of both effects, a non-specific influence of the test substance cannot be excluded. The daily administration of a suspension of the test substance in 10 ml/ kg bw may have led to a reduced appetite of the animals. This could be especially true for the highest dosage group, as here the suspension was relatively dense. It is also possible that there was an osmotic effect of non-resorbed test substance in the intestine. At dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg bw the animals showed no differences to the control animals (NOEL). a dose of 1600 mg/kg bw/day of the test substance may have induced an influence on the body weight gain of the males and the survival of pups until day 4 after birth. With regard to effects on fertility of the present study 1600 mg/kg bw/day of the test substance can be defined as "No Observed Adverse Effect Level" (NOAEL). The NOEL and NOAEL for systemic toxicity in the parent generation of test animals was found to be 400 mg/kg bw/day for both.

The test substance was the carboxylic acid component of the tosyl salt. Read-across between the tosyl salt carboxylic acid (6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid) and the registered substance is considered justified as the registered substance is manufactured directly from 6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid by simple neutralisation with triethanolamine (TEA). Other than ionization of the carboxylic acid group, the 6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid remains chemically unchanged upon salt formation. In water, the acid and amine components of 6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid, compound with 2,2’,2’’-nitrilotriethanol (1:1) dissociate completely and behave essentially as independent substances. Since TEA can be considered non-hazardous, it is the acid component of the salt that will have a more significant impact on the outcome of any (eco)toxicological or environmental tests. The pKa of the carboxylic acid group in 6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid (pKa = 4.90) is the same in the free acid as it is in the TEA salt. As a result, 6-[(p-Tosyl)amino]hexanoic acid will respond to changes of pH in the same way whether it is in the salt form or as the parent carboxylic acid and hence it’s bioavailability will be the same.