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Administrative data

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information
Ames Test (OECD 471, GLP, K, rel. 1): non mutagenic up to limit concentration in S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 & E.coli WP2uvrA.
Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Remarks:
Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From July 02 to August 22, 2014
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP study conducted according to OECD test Guideline No. 471 without any deviation.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to other study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
Deviations:
no
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Not applicable
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
UK GLP Compliance Program (inspected on March 12 to 14, 2014 / Signed on May 12, 2014)
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay
Target gene:
Histidine and tryptophan.
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
Not applicable
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
not applicable
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
10% S9: S9-mix from the livers of male rats treated with phenobarbitone/β-naphthoflavone (80/100 mg/kg bw/day by oral route, for 3 days).
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
Experiment 1 – Range-finding test (Plate Incorporation Method):1.6, 5.4, 16, 54, 161, 535, 1605 and 5350 μg/plate in all strains with and without S9-mix
Experiment 2 - Main Test (Pre-Incubation Method): 0.5, 1.6, 5.4, 16, 53, 160, 535, 1599 and 5330 μg/plate in all strains with and without S9-mix
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Test item was immiscible in sterile distilled water at 50 mg/mL but was fully miscible in dimethyl sulphoxide at the same concentration in solubility checks performed in house. Dimethyl sulphoxide was therefore selected as the vehicle.
- Preparation of test materials: The test item was accurately weighed and approximate half-log dilutions prepared in dimethyl sulphoxide by mixing on a vortex mixer on the day of each experiment. All formulations were used within four hours of preparation and were assumed to be stable for this period.
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Remarks:
DMSO
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
9-aminoacridine
N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
Remarks:
Without S9-mix
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Remarks:
DMSO
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
benzo(a)pyrene
other: 2-Aminoanthracene
Remarks:
With S9-mix
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation

DURATION
- Exposure duration: Plates were incubated at 37 °C ± 3 °C for approximately 48 hours

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate plates per dose level.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).

OTHERS:
After incubation, the plates were assessed for numbers of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system.
Evaluation criteria:
There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
- A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
- A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
- Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
- Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
- Fold increases greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out of historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).

A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.

Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal.
Statistics:
Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: Not applicable
- Effects of osmolality: Not applicable
- Evaporation from medium: No data
- Water solubility: The test material was fully miscible in dimethyl sulphoxide at 50 mg/mL.
- Precipitation: No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.
- Other confounding effects: None

RESULTS : The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was 5350 μg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, in the first mutation test (plate incorporation
method) and consequently a similar maximum dose level was used in the second mutation test. However, in the second mutation test (pre-incubation method) the test item induced a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns of TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in both the absence and presence of S9-mix, initially from 1599 μg/plate. No toxicity was noted to Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA and Salmonella strain TA98. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type, exposures with or without S9-mix and experimental methodology.
There were no toxicologically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 2 (pre-incubation method). A small, statistically significant increase in TA98 revertant colony frequency was observed in the absence of S9-mix at 5350 μg/plate in Experiment 1. This increase was considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant colony counts at 5350 μg/plate were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the fold increase was only 1.4 times the concurrent vehicle control.

OTHERS:
- The test material formulation, amino acid supplemented top agar and S9-mix used in this experiment were shown to be sterile.
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Remarks:
Migrated from field 'Test system'.

See the attached document for information on tables of results

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with metabolic activation
negative without metabolic activation

Under the test condition, test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and E.coli WP2 uvrA- according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).
Executive summary:

In a reverse gene mutation assay performed according to the OECD test guideline No. 471 and in compliance with GLP, Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA- were exposed to test material diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range for the range-finding test (Experiment 1) was predetermined and was 1.6 to 5350 µg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day (pre-incubation method) using fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations. The dose range was amended following the results of the range-finding test and an abandoned second experiment and was 0.5 to 5330 µg/plate. Negative, vehicle (dimethyl sulphoxide) and positive control groups were also included in mutagenicity tests.

The vehicle control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.

The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was 5350 μg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, in the first mutation test (plate incorporation method) and consequently a similar maximum dose level was used in the second mutation test.

However, in the second mutation test (pre-incubation method) the test item induced a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns of TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in both the absence and presence of S9-mix, initially from 1599 μg/plate. No toxicity was noted to Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA and Salmonella strain TA98. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type, exposures with or without S9-mix and experimental methodology. No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.

There were no toxicologically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 2 (pre-incubation method). A small, statistically significant increase in TA98 revertant colony frequency was observed in the absence of S9-mix at 5350 μg/plate in Experiment 1. This increase was considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant colony counts at 5350 μg/plate were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the fold increase was only 1.4 times the concurrent vehicle control.

Under the test condition, test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and E.coli WP2 uvrA- according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for reverse gene mutation endpoint.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (negative)

Additional information

Additional information from genetic toxicity in vitro:

Table 7.6/1: Summary of genotoxicity tests

Test n°

Test / Guideline

Reliability

Focus

Strains tested

Metabolic activation

Test concentration

Statement

1

 

Harlan, 2015

Ames Test

(OECD 471)

K, rel. 1

Gene mutation

TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98,

TA 100,

E. coli WP2

-S9

+S9

Up to limit concentration

-S9 : non mutagenic

+S9 : non mutagenic

 

Gene mutation Assay (Test n° 1):

A Bacterial Reverse mutation Assay (Ames test) was performed according to OECD guideline No. 471 with the substance (See Table 7.6/1). No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains under the test condition, with any dose of the substance, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. The substance does not induce gene mutations in bacteria whereas all positive control chemicals (with and without metabolic activation) induced significant increase of colonies. The substance is therefore considered as non-mutagenic according to the Ames test.


Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Only one study available, GLP-compliant and of high quality (Klimisch score = 1). No further testing is required for substances at the REACH Annex VII tonnage level.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Harmonized classification:

The test material has no harmonized classification for human health according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 including ATP6.

Self-classification:

Based on the available data, no additional classification is proposed regarding germ cell mutagenicity according to the Annex VI of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).