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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2011-11-25 to 2011-12-02
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Performed according to relevant guidelines and compliant to GLP
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
Version / remarks:
and Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.1
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
according to German Chemikaliengesetzt and directive 88/320/EEC
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: Limit test item concentration (1 mg/L)
- Sampling method: The test item concentrations were analytically verified from the limit concentration and the control from freshly prepared media after 0 and 72 h and from 24 h old media after 24 and
96 h.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 C° until sample preparation, if necessary.
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution of 1 mg/L was prepared with dilution water. Weighing of the test item for day 0 and 1 was carried out 72 h prior to test start and stored in the dark at room temperature until preparation of the saturated solution. Weighing of the test item for day 2 and 3 was carried out after 0 and 24 h of the study, respectively.
The stock solution was stirred for 48 hours with a magnetic stirrer. The undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL). The centrifugation for 20 min at 10000 g was checked in a preliminary range finding test. No pellet was generated, so the procedure was declared insufficient. For the definitive test membrane filtration was used.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: Limit test item concentration of 1mg/L
- Controls: 7 fish in dilution water (without test item) were tested under the same test conditions as the test replicates.
Test organisms (species):
Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebrafish
- Source: All fish used in the test were gained at DR.NOACK-LABORATORIEN from a single brood stock. (supplier: Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz, An der Scharlake 39, D-31135 Hildesheim)
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Average body length: 2.26 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Average body weight: 0.266 g
- Method of breeding:Holding was performed at the test facility at 23+/-2 °C and diffuse light (0.1 - 10 µmol photons • m-2 • s-1, natural photoperiod). The water was changed at least once per week. The dissolved oxygen concentration was more than 80 % of the air saturation value. No disease treatments were administered throughout holding and testing. Food was provided 3 times per week. The amount of food was 4 % of the fish body weight per feeding day. The test fish were not fed 24 h before the test started.
- Feeding during test: No feeding during test



ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Zebrafish with at least 12 days of acclimatisation and mortality < 5 % within these days before the study starts were used in the test.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: 4 % of the fish body weight per feeding day. The test fish were not fed 24 h before the test started. Food: Sera Vipan; SERA GMBH, D-52518 Heinsberg
- Feeding frequency: 3 times per week.
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality observed, no disease treatments were administered throughout holding and testing.


Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Hardness:
Total Hardness at day 0: 62.0 mg/L
Test temperature:
Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods"
pH:
Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods"
Dissolved oxygen:
Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods"
Salinity:
Not measured, freshwater
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods"
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass aquaria
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, loosely covered by glass tops
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 2 L test volume per vessel
- Aeration: Gentle aeration
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily renewal (after 0, 24, 48, 72 hours)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: less than 1 g fish per L test solution


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tap water of local origin was used for holding and testing. The water was filtered on activated charcoal and aerated for at least 24 h to remove possible chlorine.
Nominal water parameters:
Total hardness: 10 - 250 mg CaCO3/L
pH-value: 6.0 - 8.5
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH-value, temperature and oxygen saturation were measured
measurements in all vessels at the beginning of the test and every 24 h (from old and new media). Total hardness of the water was determined at the beginning out of the test control. During the test the water temperature was recorded continuously with a data logger (once per hour).


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: natural
- Light intensity: 0.1 - 10 µmol photons x m-2 x s-1


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Fish were considered dead if there was no visible movement (e.g. gill covers movement) and if touching of the caudal peduncle produced no reaction. Records were kept of visible abnormalities (e.g. loss of equilibrium, swimming behaviour, respiratory function, pigmentation, etc.). Observations were made after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Yes
Cumulative Mortality [%] in the Preliminary Test (non GLP)
(n = 5)

Nominal concentration level
[mg/L] Test Duration [hours]
24 48 72 96
1.00 0 0 0 0
Control 0 0 0 0


Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC0
Effect conc.:
1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: mortality and sub-lethal effects
Remarks on result:
other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
> 1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).
Details on results:
- Behavioural abnormalities: Not observed
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Other adverse effects control: Not observed
- Abnormal responses: Not observed
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No (clear test solution)
Results with reference substance (positive control):
No reference substance tested
Reported statistics and error estimates:
The concentration leading to 0 and 100 % mortality (LC0 and LC100) after 96 h were determined directly from the test results. LC50-values have not to be calculated in a limit test.
Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Observations in the Test Vessels

                        (n=7)

Nominal
concentration level
[mg/L]

Effect*)

                                   Test Duration [h]

24

48

72

96

1.00

(1)

7/7

7/7

7/7

7/7

Control

(1)

7/7

7/7

7/7

7/7

*) (1) = Normal behaviour

Cumulative Mortality [%] in the Test Vessels

           

Nominal
concentration level
[mg/L]

Test Duration [h]

24

48

72

96

1.00

0

0

0

0

Control

0

0

0

0

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
In this study the test item did not cause any effects to zebrafish after 96 h when tested as a saturated solution with a nominal concentration level of 1.00 mg/L. The LC0 (0 – 96 h) was 1.00 mg/L. No sub-lethal effects were observed. Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).
Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of the test item to fish (zebrafish) was determined according to OECD-Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 203 (1992) and compliant to GLP.

A semi-static limit test with daily renewal of the test media was conducted with a saturated solution of 1.00 mg/L of the test item. Duration of the test was 96 h. 7 test organisms were exposed to the limit concentration and the control. Water quality parameters pH-value, temperature and oxygen-saturation measured after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined to be within the acceptable limits.

The concentration of the test item was determined via HPLC - DAD from freshly prepared media after 0 and 72 h and from the corresponding 24 h old media after 24 and 96 h. Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).

LC-Values with 95 % Confidence Intervals

                                   based on nominal concentration

Test duration [h]

LC50  

p = 95 %

24

> 1.00 mg/L

not applicable

48

> 1.00 mg/L

not applicable

72

> 1.00 mg/L

not applicable

96

> 1.00 mg/L

not applicable

LC100 =

> 1.00 mg/L

Lowest tested concentration level

with 100 % mortality after 96 h

LC0 =

1.00 mg/L

Highest tested concentration level

with 0 % mortality after 96 h

Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
For details on endpoint specific justification please see read-across report in section 13 or find a link in cross-reference “assessment report”.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
assessment report
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC0
Effect conc.:
1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: mortality and sub-lethal effects
Remarks on result:
other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).
Remarks:
The reported value refers to the source substance and was not converted to the target substance since (a) no adverse effects were observed and (b) the difference of the molecular weights of the target and the source substance is small (less than 20%).
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
> 1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).
Remarks:
The reported value refers to the source substance and was not converted to the target substance since (a) no adverse effects were observed and (b) the difference of the molecular weights of the target and the source substance is small (less than 20%).
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
In this study the test item did not cause any effects to zebrafish after 96 h when tested as a saturated solution with a nominal concentration level of 1.00 mg/L. The LC0 (0 – 96 h) was 1.00 mg/L. No sub-lethal effects were observed. Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).
Executive summary:

The study used as source investigated C.I. Pigment Yellow 1. The study results of the source compound were considered applicable to the target compound and were used for classification and labelling acc. to REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008. Justification and applicability of the read-across approach (structural analogue) is outlined in the read-across report in section 13 or find a link in cross reference “assessment report”.


Description of key information

In this study the test item did not cause any effects to zebrafish after 96 h when tested as a saturated solution with a nominal concentration level of 1.00 mg/L. The LC0 (0 – 96 h) was 1.00 mg/L. No sub-lethal effects were observed. Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, qantitative analytical determination  by HPLC-DAD was precluded (below LOQ).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information