Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 227-563-7 | CAS number: 5888-87-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 29 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 750 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to inhalation
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- human to workers
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 111 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 3 500 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to inhalation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- human to worker
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to dermal
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- human to workers
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
1 Workers
Summary according to ECHA Guidance R.8
Exposure pattern |
DNEL |
|
workers |
inhalation, systemic, long-term |
29 mg/m³ |
inhalation, systemic, acute |
1,111 mg/m³ |
inhalation, local, long-term |
no data available |
inhalation, local, acute |
no data available |
dermal, systemic, long-term |
8.3 mg/kg |
dermal, systemic, acute |
100 mg/kg |
dermal, local, long-term |
no data available |
dermal, local, acute |
no data available |
Hazard for the eyes |
no |
"Units for local effects are mg/m³for inhalation; and for dermal exposure: mg/cm² skin, mg/person/day (e.g., calculated based on the deposited amount per cm² times the actually exposed body area), or a measure of concentration (% or ppm)"
1.1 inhalation, systemic, long-term
Start value: NOAEL (sub-acute) = 1,000 mg/kg bw/day
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
2 |
oral to inhalation |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
5 |
human to workers |
Exposure duration |
6 |
sub-acute to chronic |
Overall |
240 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of NOAEC according to guideline R.8:
NOAEC (worker) = (1,000 mg/kg*70 kg) / (4*10 m³) = 1,750 mg/m³
Calculation of DNEL by taking into account the remaining AFs:
DNEL (inhalation, systemic, long-term) = 1750 mg/m³/ 60 =29 mg/m³
1.2 inhalation, systemic, acute
Start value: NOAEL (acute) = 2,000 mg/kg bw since LD50(oral) > 2,000 mg/kg bw
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
2 |
oral to inhalation |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
5 |
human to worker |
Overall |
40 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of NOAEC according to guideline R.8:
NOAEC (worker) = (2,000 mg/kg*70 kg) / (4*10 m³) = 3,500 mg/m³
Calculation of DNEL (4 hours) by taking into account the remaining AFs:
3,500 mg/m³/ 10 = 350 mg/m³
Correction for short term exposure (15 min) using modification of Haber's Law (ECHA guideline R.7a):
c = ((350 mg/m³)³*(8.0 h / 0.25 h))1/3= 1,111 mg/m³
DNEL (inhalation, systemic, acute) =1,111 mg/m³
1.3 dermal, systemic, long-term
Start value: NOAEL (sub-acute) = 1,000 mg/kg bw/day
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
1 |
oral to dermal |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
5 |
human to workers |
Exposure duration |
6 |
sub-acute to chronic |
Overall |
120 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of DNEL:
DNEL (dermal, systemic, long-term) = (1,000 mg/kg) / 120 =8.3 mg/kg
1.4 dermal, systemic, acute
Start value: NOAEL (acute) = 2,000 mg/kg bw since LD50(dermal) > 2,000 mg/kg bw
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
1 |
same route |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
5 |
human to worker |
Overall |
20 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of DNEL:
DNEL (dermal, systemic, acute) = (2,000 mg/kg) / 20 =100 mg/kg
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 22 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 480
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 2 612 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to inhalation
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- human to general population
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 828 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 80
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 5 223 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to inhalation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- human to general population
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral to dermal
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- human to general population
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 50 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- same route
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- human to general population
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- same route
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- human to general population
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
1 General population
Summary according to ECHA Guidance R.8
Exposure pattern |
DNEL |
|
general population |
inhalation, systemic, long-term |
22 mg/m³ |
inhalation, systemic, acute |
828 mg/m³ |
inhalation, local, long-term |
no data available |
inhalation, local, acute |
no data available |
dermal, systemic, long-term |
4.2 mg/kg |
dermal, systemic, acute |
50 mg/kg |
dermal, local, long-term |
no data available |
dermal, local, acute |
no data available |
oral, systemic, long-term |
4.2 mg/kg |
oral, systemic, acute |
50 mg/kg |
Hazard for the eyes |
no |
Units for local effects are mg/m³for inhalation; and for dermal exposure: mg/cm²skin, mg/person/day (e.g., calculated based on the deposited amount per cm² times the actually exposed body area), or a measure of concentration (% or ppm).
1.1 inhalation, systemic, long-term
Start value: NOAEL (sub-acute) = 1,000 mg/kg bw/day
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
2 |
oral to inhalation |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
10 |
human to general population |
Exposure duration |
6 |
sub-acute to chronic |
Overall |
480 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of NOAEC according to guideline R.8:
NOAEC (worker) = (1,000 mg/kg*70 kg) / (4*6.7 m³) = 2,612 mg/m³
Calculation of DNEL by taking into account the remaining AFs:
DNEL (inhalation, systemic, long-term) = 2612 mg/m³/ 120 =22 mg/m³
1.2 inhalation, systemic, acute
Start value: NOAEL (acute) = 2000 mg/kg bw since LD50(oral) > 2000 mg/kg bw
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
2 |
oral to inhalation |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
10 |
human to general population |
Overall |
80 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of NOAEC according to guideline R.8:
NOAEC (worker) = (2,000 mg/kg·70 kg) / (4*6.7 m³) = 5,223 mg/m3
Calculation of DNEL (4 hours) by taking into account the remaining AFs:
5,223 mg/m³/ 20 = 261 mg/m³
Correction for short term exposure (15 min) using modification of Haber's Law (ECHA guideline R.7a):
c = ((261 mg/m³)*(8.0 h / 0.25 h))1/3= 828 mg/m³
DNEL (inhalation, systemic, acute) =828 mg/m³
1.3 dermal, systemic, long-term
Start value: NOAEL (sub-acute) = 1,000 mg/kg bw/day
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
1 |
oral to dermal |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
10 |
human to general population |
Exposure duration |
6 |
sub-acute to chronic |
Overall |
240 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of DNEL:
DNEL (dermal, systemic, long-term) = (1,000 mg/kg) / 240 = 4.2 mg/kg
1.4 dermal, systemic, acute
Start value: NOAEL (acute) = 2,000 mg/kg bw since LD50(dermal) > 2,000 mg/kg bw
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
1 |
same route |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
10 |
human to general population |
Overall |
40 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of DNEL:
DNEL (dermal, systemic, acute) = (2,000 mg/kg) / 40 =50 mg/kg
1.5 oral, systemic, long-term
Start value: NOAEL (sub-acute) = 1,000 mg/kg bw/day
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
1 |
same route |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
10 |
human to general population |
Exposure duration |
6 |
sub-acute to chronic |
Overall |
240 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of DNEL:
DNEL (oral, systemic, long-term) = (1,000 mg/kg) / 240 = 4.2 mg/kg
1.6 oral, systemic, acute
Start value: NOAEL (acute) = 2,000 mg/kg bw since LD50(oral) > 2,000 mg/kg bw
Uncertainties |
AF |
Justification |
route of exposure |
1 |
same route |
Interspecies differences |
4 |
rat to human |
Intraspecies differences |
10 |
human to general population |
Overall |
40 |
|
AFs according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
Calculation of DNEL:
DNEL (oral, systemic, acute) = (2,000 mg/kg) / 40 =50 mg/kg
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
