Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate

Exposure related observations in humans: other data

Administrative data

Endpoint:

exposure-related observations in humans: other data

Type of information:

other: Medical data

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, reasoably well documented publications

Justification for type of information:

Since the sorbate anion in the (eco-) toxicologically relevant moiety and its presence in dissociated or non-dissociated form is entirely determined by pH, extrapolation to potassium sorbate, the substance in question, is not considered to be restricted.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Allergic contact dermatitis due|to ingredients of vehicles.

Author:

Fisher, A.A. et al.

Year:

1971

Bibliographic source:

Arch. Derm. Vol. 104: 286-290.

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1985

Reference 3

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Non-immunological contact urticaria

Author:

Lahti, A.

Year:

1980

Bibliographic source:

Acta Derm. Venereol. Vol. 60, Suppl. 91: 1-49.

Reference 4

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1987

Reference 5

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Release of markedly increased|quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans following the application of sorbic acid

Author:

Morrow, J.D. et al.

Year:

1994

Bibliographic source:

Arch. Dermatol. Vol. 130: 1408-1412.

Reference 6

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Prostaglandin D2 mediates contact urticaria caused by sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and esters of nicotinic acid

Author:

Roberts, L.J. & Morrow, J.D.

Year:

1997

Bibliographic source:

Contact Urticaria Synd. 1997: 77-88.

Reference 7

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Sorbic acid- induced erythema and edema

Author:

Soschin, D. et al.

Year:

1986

Bibliographic source:

J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. Vol. 14: 234-241.

Materials and methods

Type of study / information:

Type of experience: non-immunological contact urticaria

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid

EC Number:

203-768-7

EC Name:

Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid

Cas Number:

110-44-1

Molecular formula:

C6H8O2

IUPAC Name:

hexa-2,4-dienoic acid

Results and discussion

Results:

A generally low incidence (<1%) of non-immunological contact urticaria is reported in investigations involving patch testing with a large number (>100) of patients, as summarised below:
This form of urticaria related to sorbic acid and sorbates often involves either histamine or prostaglandins as mediators (Soschin et al., 1986). 
It occurs without previous sensitisation, and symptoms remain localised to the contact site, and do not spread to become generalised urticaria or elicit systemic effects (Lahti and Maibach, 1987).
Morrow et al. (1994), and Roberts and Morrow (1997) describe the release of markedly increased (250-620-fold) quantities of prostaglandin D2 from human skin after exposure to sorbic acid in comparison to untreated skin.
14% of the patients showed immediate reactions after treatment with 2.5% sorbic acid (Lahti, A., 1980). Gollhausen and Kligman (1985) confirmed the urticariogenicity of sorbic acid with the NICU test.