Barium bis[5-chloro-4-ethyl-2-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]benzenesulphonate]

Basic toxicokinetics

Administrative data

Endpoint:

basic toxicokinetics in vivo

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Limited details given

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Barium bioavailability as the chloride, sulfate, or carbonate salt in the rat

Author:

McCauley PT, Washington IS

Year:

1983

Bibliographic source:

Drug and chemical toxicolology, 6:209–217.

Materials and methods

Objective of study:

toxicokinetics

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Barium chloride

EC Number:

233-788-1

EC Name:

Barium chloride

Cas Number:

10361-37-2

IUPAC Name:

barium dichloride

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Barium sulfate

EC Number:

231-784-4

EC Name:

Barium sulfate

Cas Number:

7727-43-7

IUPAC Name:

barium sulfate

Constituent 3

Reference substance name:

Barium carbonate

EC Number:

208-167-3

EC Name:

Barium carbonate

Cas Number:

513-77-9

IUPAC Name:

barium carbonate

Details on test material:

131Ba was purchased as 131Bariumoxide. Salts were prepared by dissolving the oxide in the respective acid.
Barium chloride and carbonate were soluble in water at 10 mg/L. Barium sulfate precipitated at 10 mg/L and was applied in an aqueous suspension.

Radiolabelling:

yes

Remarks:

131Ba

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 grams were maintained on a diet of less than 1 mg Ba/kg of food for at least 1 month prior to experimentation.
Animals were fasted for 24h prior to dosing.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

Applied volume: 0.5 mL/100 g body weight

Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:

single

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0.05 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:

6

Control animals:

no

Positive control reference chemical:

not required

Details on dosing and sampling:

Animals were sacrificed at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after intubation.

Blood was sampled by 0.2 ml capillary tube and eyes were placed in tared scintillation vials.

Results and discussion

Main ADME results

Main ADME results 1

Type:

absorption

Results:

Barium was detected in blood as early as 15 minutes after application. Highest blood concentration were found after 15 minutes for the chloride and after 60 minutes for the sulfate and the carbonate.

Main ADME results 2

Type:

distribution

Results:

After 24h, Barium was found in higher levels than in blood in eyes, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. Lower levels were found in liver. Other organs were not examined.

Main ADME results 3

Type:

excretion

Results:

Barium was measurable in blood and organs at the last observation time point of 24h.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Rats were given 10.0 mg ¹³¹Ba/liter as sulfate, chloride or carbonate at pH 7.0. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after intubation.

When ¹³¹Ba²⁺ was administered, as chloride,¹³¹Ba in blood rose linearly for 10 minutes and then less rapidly until the highest number of counts was measured at 60 minutes. At 24 hours ¹³¹Ba²⁺ was still at 90% of peak levels. Five tissues were tested 24 hours after dosing for ¹³¹Ba. In decreasing order of ¹³¹Ba concentration they were heart, eye, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver ¹³¹Ba in the heart reached 8x that observed in blood 24 hours after dosing. In the eye, ¹³¹Ba increased linearly for one hour. Isotope concentrations in the eye eventually reached 2.5x that observed in blood. When ¹³¹Ba was administered as sulfate or carbonate, ¹³¹Ba in blood was respectively 85% or 45% of levels, of ¹³¹Ba from ¹³¹Ba given as chloride.

Initial uptake of ¹³¹Ba and deposition in the eye were not different when administered as chloride or sulfate.