1,3-diisopropylbenzene

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Pre GLP study but conducted according to sound scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians - ASTM Standard E 729-80

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocol described in peer reviewed publication: Ewell, W.S., Gorsuch, J.W., Kringle, R.O., Robillard, K.A., and Spiegal, R.C. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5:831-840. 1986.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- sampling time: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours or when all of a species in one duplicate were dead or immobilized (water fleas). Samples for concentration verification from each of the replicate test vessels and from the replicate controls were withdrawn at the start of testing (time 0), at 48 hours, and at 96 hours. The samples were taken from each test vessel near the center and at approximately mid-depth. The individual samples were analyzed in triplicate by gas chromatography.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test article solution (single concentration) was prepared by a 96-hour recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. This recirculating apparatus and pump set- up was operated throughout the test period to retain, for 96 hours, a saturated test solution. The target nominal concentration was 50.0 mg/L.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic mollusc: Helisoma trivolvis

Details on test organisms:

Juvenile organisms from in-house cultures

Test type:

other: recirculating elutriation system

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

131 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20 - 21 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.1 - 8.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Recirculating elutriation system with a the column loaded at a nominal concentration of 50 mg/L.
Mean measured concentrations measured at 0, 48, and 96 hours were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted using 30.5 em cuboidal Pyrex glass cuboidal tanks each containing 20 liters of test solution and 10 juvenile organisms. 2 replicates were included for the control and each test concentration. Fathead minnows and snails were placed in the main body of the tank. The other five test species were placed in stainless steel screened baskets suspended from one rpm motors. The raising and lowering of each partially submerged wire cloth basket changed one- half of the basket volume with that of the main tank each minute. Observations were made after 6 hours and at 24 hour intervals after test initiation.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Survival was 100 % in the control and test substance exposures at 96 hours.

Summary of Analytical Measurements

Test Vessel	Measured Concentrations (mg/L)			Mean
	0 hr.	48 hr.	96 hr
Control A	ND	ND	ND	ND
Control B	ND	ND	ND	ND
Test A	0.91	0.92	0.86	0.90
Test B	0.92	0.96	0.87	0.92

ND=None Detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.91 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Executive summary:

A 96-hour acute toxicity study with Helisoma trivolvis (ramshorn snail) was conducted with m-diisopropylbenzene similar to ASTM Standard E 729-80 as part of a simultaneous toxicity study using seven species, one vertebrate and six invertebrates. The test was conducted using a recirculating elutriation system, using 1.0 g/20 L diluent water to provide a saturated solution. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. Analytical verification of the exposure concentrations was conducted at 0, 48, and 96 hours. The mean measured concentrations were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively. No mortality was observed in the control or test concentrations. The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.91 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Pre GLP study but conducted according to sound scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians - ASTM Standard E 729-80

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocol described in peer reviewed publication: Ewell, W.S., Gorsuch, J.W., Kringle, R.O., Robillard, K.A., and Spiegal, R.C. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5:831-840. 1986.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- sampling method: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours or when all of a species in one duplicate were dead or immobilized (water fleas). Samples for concentration verification from each of the replicate test vessels and from the replicate controls were withdrawn at the start of testing (time 0), at 48 hours, and at 96 hours. The samples were taken from each test vessel near the center and at approximately mid-depth. The individual samples were analyzed in triplicate by gas chromatography.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test article solution (single concentration) was prepared by a 96-hour recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. This recirculating apparatus and pump set- up was operated throughout the test period to retain, for 96 hours, a saturated test solution. The target nominal concentration was 50.0 mg/L.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic crustacea: Asellus intermedius

Details on test organisms:

Juvenile organisms from in-house cultures

Test type:

other: recirculating elutriation system

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

131 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20 - 21 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.1 - 8.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Recirculating elutriation system with a the column loaded at a nominal concentration of 50 mg/L.
Mean measured concentrations measured at 0, 48, and 96 hours were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted using 30.5 em cuboidal Pyrex glass cuboidal tanks each containing 20 liters of test solution and 10 juvenile organisms. 2 replicates were included for the control and each test concentration. Fathead minnows and snails were placed in the main body of the tank. The other five test species were placed in stainless steel screened baskets suspended from one rpm motors. The raising and lowering of each partially submerged wire cloth basket changed one- half of the basket volume with that of the main tank each minute. Observations were made after 6 hours and at 24 hour intervals after test initiation.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Survival was 100 % in both of the control replicates and 90 % in both of the test substance exposures at 96 hours.

Summary of Analytical Measurements

Test Vessel	Measured Concentrations (mg/L)			Mean
	0 hr.	48 hr.	96 hr
Control A	ND	ND	ND	ND
Control B	ND	ND	ND	ND
Test A	0.91	0.92	0.86	0.90
Test B	0.92	0.96	0.87	0.92

ND=None Detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L demonstrating a lack of significant adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Executive summary:

A 96-hour acute toxicity study with Asellus intermedius (pillbug) was conducted with m-diisopropylbenzene similar to ASTM Standard E 729-80 as part of a simultaneous toxicity study using seven species, one vertebrate and six invertebrates. The test was conducted using a recirculating elutriation system, using 1.0 g/20 L diluent water to provide a saturated solution. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. Analytical verification of the exposure concentrations was conducted at 0, 48, and 96 hours. The mean measured concentrations were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively. No mortality was observed in the control and 10 % mortality was observed in both replicates of the test concentrations. The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L demonstrating a lack of significant adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Pre GLP study but conducted according to sound scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians - ASTM Standard E 729-80

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocol described in peer reviewed publication: Ewell, W.S., Gorsuch, J.W., Kringle, R.O., Robillard, K.A., and Spiegal, R.C. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5:831-840. 1986.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- sampling method: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours or when all of a species in one duplicate were dead or immobilized (water fleas). Samples for concentration verification from each of the replicate test vessels and from the replicate controls were withdrawn at the start of testing (time 0), at 48 hours, and at 96 hours. The samples were taken from each test vessel near the center and at approximately mid-depth. The individual samples were analyzed in triplicate by gas chromatography.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test article solution (single concentration) was prepared by a 96-hour recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. This recirculating apparatus and pump set- up was operated throughout the test period to retain, for 96 hours, a saturated test solution. The target nominal concentration was 50.0 mg/L.

Test organisms (species):

Gammarus fasciatus

Details on test organisms:

Juvenile organisms from in-house cultures

Test type:

other: recirculating elutriation system

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

131 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20 - 21 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.1 - 8.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Recirculating elutriation system with a the column loaded at a nominal concentration of 50 mg/L.
Mean measured concentrations measured at 0, 48, and 96 hours were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted using 30.5 em cuboidal Pyrex glass cuboidal tanks each containing 20 liters of test solution and 10 juvenile organisms. 2 replicates were included for the control and each test concentration. Fathead minnows and snails were placed in the main body of the tank. The other five test species were placed in stainless steel screened baskets suspended from one rpm motors. The raising and lowering of each partially submerged wire cloth basket changed one- half of the basket volume with that of the main tank each minute. Observations were made after 6 hours and at 24 hour intervals after test initiation.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Survival was 100 % in the control and 80 % and 90 % in replicates A and B respectively of the test substance exposures at 96 hours.

Summary of Analytical Measurements

Test Vessel	Measured Concentrations (mg/L)			Mean
	0 hr.	48 hr.	96 hr
Control A	ND	ND	ND	ND
Control B	ND	ND	ND	ND
Test A	0.91	0.92	0.86	0.90
Test B	0.92	0.96	0.87	0.92

ND=None Detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L demonstrating a lack of significant adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Executive summary:

A 96-hour acute toxicity study with Gammarus fasciatus (sideswimmer) was conducted with m-diisopropylbenzene similar to ASTM Standard E 729-80 as part of a simultaneous toxicity study using seven species, one vertebrate and six invertebrates. The test was conducted using a recirculating elutriation system, using 1.0 g/20 L diluent water to provide a saturated solution. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. Analytical verification of the exposure concentrations was conducted at 0, 48, and 96 hours. The mean measured concentrations were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. 10 % and 20 % mortality was observed in replicates A and B respectively of the test concentrations. The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L demonstrating a lack of significant adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Pre GLP study but conducted according to sound scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians - ASTM Standard E 729-80

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocol described in peer reviewed publication: Ewell, W.S., Gorsuch, J.W., Kringle, R.O., Robillard, K.A., and Spiegal, R.C. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5:831-840. 1986.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- sampling method: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours or when all of a species in one duplicate were dead or immobilized (water fleas). Samples for concentration verification from each of the replicate test vessels and from the replicate controls were withdrawn at the start of testing (time 0), at 48 hours, and at 96 hours. The samples were taken from each test vessel near the center and at approximately mid-depth. The individual samples were analyzed in triplicate by gas chromatography.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test article solution (single concentration) was prepared by a 96-hour recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. This recirculating apparatus and pump set- up was operated throughout the test period to retain, for 96 hours, a saturated test solution. The target nominal concentration was 50.0 mg/L.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic worm: Lumbriculus variegatus

Details on test organisms:

Juvenile organisms from in-house cultures

Test type:

other: recirculating elutriation system

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

131 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20 - 21 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.1 - 8.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Recirculating elutriation system with a the column loaded at a nominal concentration of 50 mg/L.
Mean measured concentrations measured at 0, 48, and 96 hours were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted using 30.5 em cuboidal Pyrex glass cuboidal tanks each containing 20 liters of test solution and 10 juvenile organisms. 2 replicates were included for the control and each test concentration. Fathead minnows and snails were placed in the main body of the tank. The other five test species were placed in stainless steel screened baskets suspended from one rpm motors. The raising and lowering of each partially submerged wire cloth basket changed one- half of the basket volume with that of the main tank each minute. Observations were made after 6 hours and at 24 hour intervals after test initiation.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Survival was 100 % in the control and test substance exposures at 96 hours.

Summary of Analytical Measurements

Test Vessel	Measured Concentrations (mg/L)			Mean
	0 hr.	48 hr.	96 hr
Control A	ND	ND	ND	ND
Control B	ND	ND	ND	ND
Test A	0.91	0.92	0.86	0.90
Test B	0.92	0.96	0.87	0.92

ND=None Detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.91 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Executive summary:

A 96-hour acute toxicity study with Lumbriculus variegatus (segmented worm) was conducted with m-diisopropylbenzene similar to ASTM standard E729-80 as part of a simultaneous toxicity study using seven species, one vertebrate and six invertebrates. The test was conducted using a recirculating elutriation system, using 1.0 g/20 L diluent water to provide a saturated solution. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. Analytical verification of the exposure concentrations was conducted at 0, 48, and 96 hours. The mean measured concentrations were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively. No mortality was observed in the control or test concentrations. The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.91 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Pre GLP study but conducted according to sound scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians - ASTM Standard E 729-80

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocol described in peer reviewed publication: Ewell, W.S., Gorsuch, J.W., Kringle, R.O., Robillard, K.A., and Spiegal, R.C. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5:831-840. 1986.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- sampling method: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours or when all of a species in one duplicate were dead or immobilized (water fleas). Samples for concentration verification from each of the replicate test vessels and from the replicate controls were withdrawn at the start of testing (time 0), at 48 hours, and at 96 hours. The samples were taken from each test vessel near the center and at approximately mid-depth. The individual samples were analyzed in triplicate by gas chromatography.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test article solution (single concentration) was prepared by a 96-hour recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. This recirculating apparatus and pump set- up was operated throughout the test period to retain, for 96 hours, a saturated test solution. The target nominal concentration was 50.0 mg/L.

Test organisms (species):

other: Dugesia tigrina

Details on test organisms:

Juvenile organisms from in-house cultures

Test type:

other: recirculating elutriation system

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

131 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20 - 21 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.1 - 8.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Recirculating elutriation system with a the column loaded at a nominal concentration of 50 mg/L.
Mean measured concentrations measured at 0, 48, and 96 hours were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted using 30.5 em cuboidal Pyrex glass cuboidal tanks each containing 20 liters of test solution and 10 juvenile organisms. 2 replicates were included for the control and each test concentration. Fathead minnows and snails were placed in the main body of the tank. The other five test species were placed in stainless steel screened baskets suspended from one rpm motors. The raising and lowering of each partially submerged wire cloth basket changed one- half of the basket volume with that of the main tank each minute. Observations were made after 6 hours and at 24 hour intervals after test initiation.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.91 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Survival was 100 % in the control and test substance exposures at 96 hours.

Summary of Analytical Measurements

Test Vessel	Measured Concentrations (mg/L)			Mean
	0 hr.	48 hr.	96 hr
Control A	ND	ND	ND	ND
Control B	ND	ND	ND	ND
Test A	0.91	0.92	0.86	0.90
Test B	0.92	0.96	0.87	0.92

ND=None Detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.91 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Executive summary:

A 96-hour acute toxicity study with Dugesia tigrina (flatworm) was conducted with m-diisopropylbenzene similar to ASTM standard E 729-80 as part of a simultaneous toxicity study using seven species, one vertebrate and six invertebrates. The test was conducted using a recirculating elutriation system, using 1.0 g/20 L diluent water to provide a saturated solution. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. Analytical verification of the exposure concentrations was conducted at 0, 48, and 96 hours. The mean measured concentrations were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively. No mortality was observed in the control or test concentrations. The 96 hour LC50 was > 0.91 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.91 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Pre GLP study but conducted according to sound scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocol described in peer reviewed publication: Ewell, W.S., Gorsuch, J.W., Kringle, R.O., Robillard, K.A., and Spiegal, R.C. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5:831-840. 1986.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours or when all of a species in one duplicate were dead or immobilized (water fleas). Samples for concentration verification from each of the replicate test vessels and from the replicate controls were withdrawn at the start of testing (time 0), at 48 hours, and at 96 hours. The samples were taken from each test vessel near the center and at approximately mid-depth. The individual samples were analyzed in triplicate by gas chromatography.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test article solution (single concentration) was prepared by a 96-hour recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. This recirculating apparatus and pump set- up was operated throughout the test period to retain, for 96 hours, a saturated test solution. The target nominal concentration was 50.0 mg/L.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Juvenile organisms from in-house cultures

Test type:

other: recirculating elutriation system

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

131 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20-21 °C

pH:

8.0-8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.1 - 8.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Recirculating elutriation system with a the column loaded at a nominal concentration of 50 mg/L.
Mean measured concentrations measured at 0, 48, and 96 hours were 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted using 30.5 em cuboidal Pyrex glass cuboidal tanks each containing 20 liters of test solution and 10 juvenile organisms. 2 replicates were included for the control and each test concentration. Fathead minnows and snails were placed in the main body of the tank. The other five test species were placed in stainless steel screened baskets suspended from one rpm motors. The raising and lowering of each partially submerged wire cloth basket changed one- half of the basket volume with that of the main tank each minute. Observations were made after 6 hours and at 24 hour intervals after test initiation.

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.93 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.93 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

No lack of mobility was observed in the control or the tested concentrations over the 48 hour exposure.

Summary of Analytical Measurements

Test Vessel	Measured Conc. mg/L		Mean
	0 hr.	48 hr.
Control A	ND	ND	ND
Control B	ND	ND	ND
Test A	0.91	0.92	0.92
Test B	0.92	0.96	0.94

ND=None Detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48 hour LC50 was > 0.93 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.93 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Executive summary:

A 48-hour acute toxicity study with Daphnia magna with m-diisopropylbenzene was conducted as part of a simultaneous toxicity study using seven species, one vertebrate and six invertebrates. The test was conducted using a recirculating elutriation system, using 1. 0 g/20 L diluent water to provide a saturated solution. The flow rate was approximately 100 mL/minute passing through the elutriation column. Analytical verification of the exposure concentrations was conducted at 0, and 48 hours. The mean measured concentrations were 0.92 and 0.94 mg/L for replicates A and B respectively. No lack of mobility was observed in the control or test concentrations. The 48 hour LC50 was > 0.93 mg/L and the NOEC was ≥ 0.93 mg/L demonstrating no adverse effects at the limit of water solubility.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
In this justification, the read-across (bridging) concept is applied. Please refer to a full version of Read-across statement attached in the section 13 "Assessment reports".

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The underlying hypothesis for the read-across is that the target and the source substance have similar toxicological properties (including the same target organs) due to their structural similarity, resemblance to their chemical reactivity, and therefore a similar mode of action.
The source substance ‘Mixture of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene and 1,4-diisopropylbenzene' is a mixture of structural isomers, 1,3- diisopropylbenzene(target substance) and 1,4-diisopropylbenzene. The physico-chemical properties are highly equivalent based on the high structural similarity. As a conclusion, it is scientifically justified to address the endpoint Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates with data on this mixture of isomers.

2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Source substance: Mixture of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene and 1,4-diisopropylbenzene (Diisopropylbenzene), CAS no. 25321-09-9
structural formula: C12H18
Smiles: CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C
Molecular weight: 162 g/mol
CAS 25321-09-9
EC No 246-835-6
purity: not specified

target substance: 1.3-diisopropylbenzene (or m-DIPB)
structural formula: C12H18
Smiles: CC(C)c1cccc(c1)C(C)C
Molecular weight: 162 g/mol
CAS 99-62-7
EC No 202-773-1
purity: not specified

No additional information is available on purity of the source and the target substances. Both substances are normally of high purity, containing only minor amounts of impurities that do not influence the read-across validity.

3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Please refer to the full version of the read-across statement attached in the section 13 "Assessment reports".

4. DATA MATRIX
Please refer to the full version of the read-across statement attached in the section 13 "Assessment reports".

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.246 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.725 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 0.624 - <= 0.843

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

Concentration of inhibition of hemiparallel swimming

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.246 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.392 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 0.246 - <= 0.754

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

Inhibitory concentration for half swimming

Details on results:

Since the measured concentrations of some test substances exceeded ± 20 % of the set values, the measured values (geometric mean) were used to calculate the influence concentrations.
Therefore, the measured values (geometric mean values) were used to calculate the concentrations.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Data Analysis: Probit method, binomial or Moving average for LC50

Effect Data:
EC50 (24hr) = 0.725 mg/L (mc) (95 % C.I.= 0.624-0.843 mg/L)
EC0 (24hr) = 0.246 mg/L (mc)
EC50 (48hr) = 0.392 mg/L (mc) (95 % C.I.= 0.246-0.754 mg/L)
EC0 (48hr) = 0.246 mg/L (mc)
mc: based on measured concentrations

Mortality or Immobility: No test organisms were immobilized at control, solvent control, 0.200 and 0.360 mg/L.
One individual was immobilized at 0.630 mg/L after 24 hours.
All individuals were immobilized at 1.10 mg/L after 48th hour and 2.00 mg/L on and after 24th hour.

Table 2      The Numbers of Immobile Daphnia (Percent Immobility)
Nominal Concentration (mg/L;	Measured Concentration	Cumulative Numbers of Immobilized Daphnia (Percent Immobility)
		24 Hours	48 Hours
Control		0 ( 0)	2 (10)
Solvent Control		0 ( 0)	0 ( 0)
0.200	0.134	0 ( 0)	0 ( 0)
0.360	0.246	0 ( 0)	0 ( 0)
0.630	0. 419	1(5)	12 ( 60)
1.10	0. 754	10 ( 50)	20 (100)
2. 00	1.36	20 (100)	20 (100)

*: Mean measured concentration (Geometric Mean)

- Calculation of toxicity values: To calculate toxicity, the mean measured concentrations was used.

Water chemistry (pH and DO) and temperature in test:
Water chemistry and temperature were measured for control and each concentration at the start and 24th hour.
pH: 8.2 - 8.6
DO: 8.4 - 8.8 mg/L
Water Temperature: 19.9 - 20.0 °C

Measured Concentrations :
The test concentrations were measured at the start and 24th hour(before exchange of test solution).
For some of them, the deviation from the nominal were not less than +/- 20 %.
 

Table1 Measured Concentrations of the Test Substance in Test Water (Semi-Static Conditions)
Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Measured concentration (mg/L)				Geometric Mean
	0 Hour new	Percent of Nominal	24 Hours old	Percent of Nominal	During 24 Hours (mg/L)
Control	< 0. 002		< 0. 002
Solvent Control	< 0. 002		< 0. 002
0.200	0.159	80	0.113	57	0.134
0. 360	0. 279	78	0.217	60	0. 246
0.630	0. 469	74	0. 374	59	0. 419
1.10	0. 863	78	0. 658	60	0. 754
2. 00	1.52	76	1.21	61	1.36
new: freshly prepared test solutions
old: test solutions after 24 Hours exposure (Geometric mean)

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

According to the OECD guideline validity criteria, no more than 10 % Daphnids were immobilized and dissolved oxygen concentration was greater than 3 mg/L in control and test vessels.

Conclusions:

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates test shows 48h EC50 = 0.392 mg/L (95 % confidence limit: 0.246 - 0.754 mg/L) and NOEC 48h = 0.246 mg/L

Executive summary:

The short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates study was performed according to OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test), Part I. Daphnia magna were exposed to test item (mixture of diisopropylbenzene isomers) concentrations for 48 h in semi closed system. The test was conducted using solvent (mixture of a dispersant of HCO40 and DMF) and the estimated values were higher than water solubility, however, analytical monitoring was done. In this test, it could not be separated the true toxicity of the test substance from the physical effect of non-dissolving substance. It was determined that EC50 (48h) value of 0.392 mg/L (95 % confidence limit: 0.624 - 0.754 mg/L, measured concentration) and NOEC(48h) value of 0.246 mg/L.

Based on the arguments presented in the Read Across statement attached in IUCLID Section 13, it is clear that the source substance, which consists only of the target substance and its structural isomer, shows an identical toxicokinetic pattern. As such, the data presented here could be used to fulfil lthe information requirements for the target substance 1.3-diisopropylbenzene.

Description of key information

- MOE, 2000d: Short-term toxicity to D. magna, diisopropylbenzene (mixed isomers), semi closed system: EC50 (48h) = 0.392 mg/L (95 % confidence limit: 0.246 - 0.754 mg/L) and NOEC(48h) = 0.246 mg/L.

- Ewell, 1986: Short-term toxicity of m-diisopropylbenzene to Asellus intermedius (pillpug); Dugesia tigrina (flatworm), Gammarus fasciatus (sideswimmer); Helisoma trivolvis (snail), Lubriculus variegatus (segmented worm) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); LC50 (96 h) > 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L, respectively (for pillbug, flatworm, sideswimmer, snail, segmented worm, and fathead minnow). EC50 > 0.92 and 0.94 mg/L, respectively (for water flea); NOEC = 0.90 and 0.92 mg/L (for flatworm, snail, segmented worm, and fathead minnow; The NOEC was not determined for the sideswimmers and pillbugs) and NOEC = 0.92 and 0.94 mg/L (for water fleas). 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

0.392 mg/L

Additional information

A 48 hour acute study with Daphnia magna (MOE, 2000d) was conducted with the mixed isomers (meta- and para-diisopropylbenzene) under semi-static conditions. The test solutions were prepared using a solvent carrier with nominal concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/L which all exceeded the water solubility of the substance. The test resulted in an EC50 of 0.392 mg/L and a NOEC of 0.246 mg/L based upon mean measured concentrations.

Another 48 hour Daphnia magna acute study was conducted with m-diisopropylbenzene as part of a 7 species study (Ewell, 1986). The study was conducted as a limit test using a recirculating column elution apparatus providing a constant saturated solution. No immobility to Daphnia magna (NOEC) was observed in this test at the mean measured concentration of 0.93 mg/L. Five other invertebrate species were also included in the 7 species studies and exposed for 96 hours. The LC50s for those 5 other invertebrate species were > 0.91 mg/L, the mean measured concentration of the saturated solution over 96 -hours. The results of these studies suggest no acute effects to invertebrate organisms at the limit of water solubility.

 

Based on the arguments presented in the Read Across statement attached in IUCLID Section 13, it is clear that the source substance, which consists only of the target substance and its structural isomer, shows an identical toxicokinetic pattern. As such, the data presented here could be used to fulfill the information requirements for the target substance 1.3-diisopropylbenzene.