Registration Dossier

Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets

Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information
In vitro gene mutation assay (Ames test: OECD TG 471): Negative In vitro cytogenic assay (chromosomal aberrations) (OECD TG 473): Negative
Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
Remarks:
Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
The study was conducted between 27 January 2012 and 18 May 2012.
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: The study is considered to be a reliability 1 as it has been conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 473 using the Genetic Toxicology: Chromosome Aberration Test method in compliance with GLP.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of assay:
in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Target gene:
Not applicable.
Species / strain / cell type:
lymphocytes: human
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
For each experiment, sufficient whole blood was drawn from the peripheral circulation of a volunteer who had been previously screened for suitability. The volunteer had not been exposed to high levels of radiation or hazardous chemicals and had not knowingly recently suffered from a viral infection. The cell-cycle time for the lymphocytes from the donors used in this study was determined using BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) incorporation to assess the number of first, second and third division metaphase cells and so calculate the average generation time (AGT). The average AGT for the regular donors used in this laboratory has been determined to be approximately 16 hours under typical experimental exposure conditions.
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
not applicable
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
phenobarbitone and beta-naphthoflavone induced rat liver, S9
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
Preliminary toxicity test
The dose range of test item used was 19.53 to 5000 µg/mL.
The dose levels used in the main experiments were selected using data from the preliminary toxicity test.
Vehicle / solvent:
Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was the solvent of choice because the test material was readily soluble in it at the required concentrations.
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Remarks:
DMSO
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
cyclophosphamide
Remarks:
In the presence of S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: (CP)
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Remarks:
DMSO
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
mitomycin C
Remarks:
In the absence of S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: (MMC)
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: In medium

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 48 hrs

- Exposure duration: Experiment 1 - 4 hrs with and without S9. Experiment 2 - 24 hrs without S9, 4 hrs with S9.

- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 20 hrs for 4 hrs exposure.

- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 24 hrs.

SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No selection agent.

SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): Demecolcine

STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): When the slides were dry they were stained in 5% Giemsa for 5 minutes, rinsed, dried and coverslipped using mounting medium.

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Duplicate cultures

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 100/culture

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method:
mitotic index - A total of 2000 lymphocyte cell nuclei were counted and the number of cells in metaphase recorded and expressed as the mitotic index and as a percentage of the vehicle control value.


OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
Determination of polyploidy:
Frequency of polyploid cells

Cell Culture
Cells were grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium with HEPES buffer (MEM), supplemented “in-house” with L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, amphotericin B and 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS), at 37ºC with 5 % CO2 in humidified air. The lymphocytes of fresh heparinised whole blood were stimulated to divide by the addition of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).

Preparation of Test Item and Control Items
The test item was accurately weighed, dissolved dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and serial dilutions prepared. The test item was considered to be a complex mixture, therefore the maximum recommended dose level was 5000 µg/mL. The purity of the test item was 99.3% and therefore no allowance was made in the formulations. The pH and osmalarity were recorded. There was no significant change in pH when the test item was dosed into media and the osmolality did not increase by more than 50 mOsm (Scott et al 1991).

The test item was formulated within two hours of it being applied to the test system. It is assumed that the formulation was stable for this duration.
No analysis was conducted to determine the homogeneity, concentration or stability of the test item formulation. This is an exception with regard to GLP and has been reflected in the GLP compliance statement.

Vehicle and positive controls were used in parallel with the test item. The positive control items were as follows:
In the absence of S9, mitomycin C (MMC) (Sigma, Batch No. 089K0731) was used at 0.4 and 0.2 µg/mL for cultures in Experiment 1 and 2 respectively. It was dissolved in Minimal Essential Medium.

In the presence of S9, cyclophosphamide (CP) (Acros, Batch No. A0277203) was used at 5 µg/mL in both experiments. It was dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide.

 Microsomal Enzyme Fraction
Lot No. PB/beta-NF S9 27/11/11 was prepared in-house from the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250g. These had received three daily oral doses of a mixture of phenobarbitone (80 mg/kg) and beta-naphthoflavone (100 mg/kg), prior to S9 preparation on the fourth day. 
The S9 homogenate was produced by homogenising the liver in a 0.15 M KCl solution (1g liver to 3mL KCl) followed by centrifugation at 9000g. The protein content of the resultant supernatant was adjusted to 20 mg/ml using 0.15 M KCl and aliquots of the supernatant were frozen and stored in ampoules at approximately -196 ºC in a liquid nitrogen freezer.

Each batch of S9 has been routinely tested for its capability to activate known mutagens in the Ames test.
The above procedure was designed and conducted to cause the minimum suffering or distress to the animals consistent with the scientific objectives and in accordance with the Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Shardlow, UK policy on animal welfare and the requirements of the United Kingdom’s Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.

The S9-mix was prepared prior to the dosing of the test cultures and contained the S9 fraction (10 to 20 % (v/v)), MgCl2(8mM), KCl (33mM), sodium orthophosphate buffer pH 7.4 (100mM), glucose-6-phosphate (5mM) and NADP (5mM). The final concentration of S9, when dosed at a 10 % volume of S9-mix into culture media, was 2 % in the Preliminary Toxicity Test and Experiment 1 and 1 % in Experiment 2.

Culture Conditions
Duplicate lymphocyte cultures (A and B) were established for each dose level by mixing the following components, giving, when dispensed into sterile plastic flasks for each culture:
9.05 mL MEM, 10 % (FBS) 0.1 mL Li-heparin 0.1 mL phytohaemagglutinin 0.75 mL heparinised whole blood

With Metabolic Activation (S9) Treatment
After approximately 48 hours incubation at 37ºC, 5 % CO2 in humidified air, the cultures were transferred to tubes and centrifuged.  Approximately
9 ml of the culture medium was removed, reserved, and replaced with the required volume of MEM (including serum) and 0.1 mL of the appropriate solution of vehicle control or test item was added to each culture. For the positive control, 0.1 ml of the appropriate solution was added to the cultures. 1 mL of 20 % S9-mix (i.e. 2 % final concentration of S9 in standard co-factors) was added to the cultures of the Preliminary Toxicity Test and of Experiment 1.

In Experiment 2, 1 mL of 10 % S9-mix (i.e. 1 % final concentration of S9 in standard co-factors), was added. All cultures were then returned to the incubator. The nominal final volume of each culture was 10 mL.
After 4 hours at 37ºC, 5% CO2 in humidified air the cultures were centrifuged, the treatment medium removed by suction and replaced with an 8 mL wash of MEM culture medium.  After a further centrifugation the wash medium was removed by suction and replaced with the original culture medium. The cells were then re-incubated for a further 20 hours at 37 ºC in 5 % CO2 in humidified air.

Without Metabolic Activation (S9) Treatment
In Experiment 1, after approximately 48 hours incubation at 37 ºC with 5 % CO2 in humidified air the cultures were decanted into tubes and centrifuged.  Approximately 9 mL of the culture medium was removed and reserved. The cells were then resuspended in the required volume of fresh MEM (including serum) and dosed with 0.1 mL of the appropriate vehicle control, test item solution or 0.1 ml of positive control solution. The total volume for each culture was a nominal 10 mL.

After 4 hours at 37 ºC, 5 % CO2 in humidified air the cultures were centrifuged the treatment medium was removed by suction and replaced with an
8 ml wash of MEM culture medium.  After a further centrifugation the wash medium was removed by suction and replaced with the reserved original culture medium. The cells were then returned to the incubator for a further 20 hours.
In Experiment 2, in the absence of metabolic activation, the exposure was continuous for 24 hours. Therefore, when the cultures were established the culture volume was a nominal 9.9 mL.  After approximately 48 hours incubation the cultures were removed from the incubator and dosed with 0.1 mL of vehicle control, test item dose solution or 0.1 mL of positive control solution. The nominal final volume of each culture was 10 mL. The cultures were then incubated at 37 ºC, 5 % CO2 in humidified air for 24 hours.
The Preliminary Toxicity Test was performed using the methodology of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 in the absence of S9 except that positive controls were not included.

Preliminary Toxicity Test (Cell Growth Inhibition Test)
A preliminary toxicity test was performed on cell cultures using a 4-hour exposure time with and without metabolic activation followed by a 20-hour recovery period, and a continuous exposure of 24 hours without metabolic activation. The dose range of test item used was 19.53 to 5000 µg/mL. Parallel flasks, containing culture medium without whole blood, were established for the three exposure conditions so that test item precipitate observations could be made.  Precipitate observations were recorded at the beginning and end of the exposure periods.
Using a qualitative microscopic evaluation of the microscope slide preparations from each treatment culture, appropriate dose levels were selected for mitotic index evaluation.  Mitotic index data was used to estimate test item toxicity and for selection of the dose levels for the main test.

Experiment 1
i)      4-hour exposure to the test item without S9-mix followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 5 to 120µg/mL.
ii)     4-hour exposure to the test item with S9-mix (2 % final concentration) followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 5 to 160 µg/mL.
 Experiment 2
i)      24-hour continuous exposure to the test item prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 5 to 100 µg/mL.
ii)     4-hour exposure to the test item with S9-mix (1 % final concentration) followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 5 to 100 µg/ml.

Cell Harvest
Mitosis was arrested by addition of demecolcine (Colcemid 0.1 µg/mL) two hours before the required harvest time. After incubation with demecolcine, the cells were centrifuged, the culture medium was drawn off and discarded, and the cells re-suspended in 0.075 M hypotonic KCl. After approximately fourteen minutes (including centrifugation), most of the hypotonic solution was drawn off and discarded. The cells were re-suspended and then fixed by dropping the KCl cell suspension into fresh methanol/glacial acetic acid (3:1 v/v). The fixative was changed at least three times and the cells stored at approximately 4 ºC to ensure complete fixation.

Preparation of Metaphase Spreads
The lymphocytes were re-suspended in several ml of fresh fixative before centrifugation and resuspension in a small amount of fixative. Several drops of this suspension were dropped onto clean, wet microscope slides and left to air dry. Each slide was permanently labelled with the appropriate identification data.

Staining
When the slides were dry they were stained in 5 % Giemsa for 5 minutes, rinsed, dried and a cover slip applied using mounting medium.
Qualitative Slide Assessment
The slides were checked microscopically to determine the quality of the metaphases and also the toxicity and extent of precipitation, if any, of the test item. These observations were used to select the dose levels for mitotic index evaluation.

Coding
The slides were coded using a computerised random number generator.

Mitotic Index
A total of 2000 lymphocyte cell nuclei were counted and the number of cells in metaphase recorded and expressed as the mitotic index and as a percentage of the vehicle control value.

Evaluation criteria:
Scoring of Chromosome Damage
Where possible the first 100 consecutive well-spread metaphases from each culture were counted, where there were approximately 30 to 50 % of cells with aberrations, slide evaluation was terminated at 50 cells. If the cell had 44-48 chromosomes, any gaps, breaks or rearrangements were noted according to the simplified system of Savage (1976) recommended in the 1983 UKEMS guidelines for mutagenicity testing. Cells with chromosome aberrations were reviewed as necessary by a senior cytogeneticist prior to decoding the slides.

In addition, cells with 69 chromosomes or more were scored as polyploid cells and the incidence of polyploid cells (%) reported. Many experiments with human lymphocytes have established a range of aberration frequencies acceptable for control cultures in normal volunteer donors.

A positive response was recorded for a particular treatment if the % cells with aberrations, excluding gaps, markedly exceeded that seen in the
concurrent control, either with or without a clear dose-relationship. For modest increases in aberration frequency a dose response relationship is
generally required and appropriate statistical tests may be applied in order to record a positive response.

The chromosome aberration data were analysed statistically using Fishers Exact Test.
Statistics:
The frequency of cells with aberrations excluding gaps and the frequency of polyploid cells was compared, where necessary, with the concurrent vehicle control value using Fisher's Exact test.
Species / strain:
lymphocytes: Human
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not applicable
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
Preliminary Toxicity Test (Cell Growth Inhibition Test)
The mitotic index data were recorded. The dose range for the Preliminary Toxicity Test was 19.53 to 5000 µg/ml. The maximum dose was the recommended dose level in the Cell Growth Inhibition Test at 5000 µg/ml, the maximum recommended dose level. A greasy/oily precipitate of the test item was observed in the parallel blood-free cultures at the end of the exposure, at and above 312.5 µg/ml, in the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the absence of S9 and cloudy precipitate at 625 and 1250 µg/ml. In the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the presence of S9 greasy/oily precipitate was observed at and above 156.25 µg/ml and cloudy precipitate at and above 312.5 µg/ml in the parallel blood-free cultures at the end of the exposure. In the 24-hour exposure group cloudy precipitate was observed at and above 312.5 µg/ml and greasy/oily precipitate at and above 625 µg/ml in the parallel blood-free cultures at the end of the
exposure.

Haemolysis was also noted at the end of the exposure period at and above 39.06 µg/ml in all three exposure groups. It should be noted that
haemolysis is caused by a disruption of the erythrocyte membranes and is not considered to be indicative of toxicity to the lymphocytes.
Microscopic assessment of the slides prepared from the exposed cultures showed that metaphase cells were present up to 39.06 µg/ml in the
4(20)-hour exposure group in the absence of metabolic activation (S9). In the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the presence and absence of metabolic
activation (S9) and in the 24-hour continuous exposure group metaphase cells were present up to 78.13 µg/ml. The test item induced marked
evidence of toxicity in all three exposure groups.
The selection of the maximum dose level was based on toxicity and was 120 and 160µg/ml for the 4(20)-hour exposure groups in the absence and
presence of S9 respectively in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, 100 µg/ml was the maximum dose selected for the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the
presence of S9 and for the 24-hour continuous exposure group.

The qualitative assessment of the slides determined that the toxicity was similar to that observed in the Preliminary Toxicity Test and that there were
metaphases suitable for scoring present up to 60 µg/ml in the absence of metabolic activation (S9). In the presence of metabolic activation (S9) the
maximum dose level of the test item with metaphases suitable for scoring was 80 µg/ml. No precipitate of the test item was observed at the end of
exposure in either exposure group. Haemolysis was observed at and above 30 µg/ml in the absence of S9, and at and above 40 µg/ml in the presence of S9.

The results of the mitotic indices (MI) from the cultures after their respective treatments confirmed the qualitative observations in that a dose-related inhibition of mitotic index that 50% mitotic inhibition was achieved at 60 µg/ml in the absence of S9. In the presence of S9 the toxicity curve was relatively steep with 37% mitotic inhibition at 80 µg/ml and the higher dose level of 120 µg/ml having no metaphases suitable for scoring.

The maximum dose level selected for metaphase analysis was 60 µg/ml in the absence of S9 and 80 µg/ml in the presence of S9.
The chromosome aberration data were recorded. All of the vehicle control cultures had frequencies of cells with
chromosome aberrations within the expected range. The positive control items induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations. The metabolic activation system was therefore shown to be functional and the test method itself was operating as expected.
The test item did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations either in the absence or presence of
metabolic activation.

From the polyploid cell frequency data the test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the numbers of polyploid cells at any dose level in either of the exposure groups.


The qualitative assessment of the slides determined that there were metaphases suitable for scoring present at 80 µg/ml in the presence of S9. In the absence of S9 the maximum test item dose level with metaphases suitable for scoring was 60 µg/ml.
No precipitate of the test item was observed at the end of exposure in either group. Haemolysis was observed at the end of the exposure period at and above 60µg/ml in the absence of S9 and at and above 40 µg/ml in the presence of S9.

The results of the MI from the cultures after their respective treatments confirm the qualitative observations in that a dose-related inhibition of mitotic index that 30% mitotic inhibition was achieved at 40 µg/ml in the absence of S9. In the presence of S9, 37% mitotic inhibition was achieved at 80 µg/ml and no metaphases were suitable for scoring at the higher dose level of 100 µg/ml. The toxicity at 100 µg/ml in the 4(20)-hour exposure group was noted in the qualitative assessment with very few cells remaining on the slides.

The maximum dose level selected for metaphase analysis was 80 µg/ml in the presence of S9 and 40 µg/ml in the absence of S9. Due to the steepness of the toxicity curve optimum toxicity was difficult to achieve, however it was considered that the test item had been adequately tested. The dose level of 60µg/ml in the 24-hour exposure group was considered too toxic for scoring with 82% mitotic inhibition and was clearly toxic in the qualitative
assessment with reduced numbers of cells on the slide.

From the chromosome aberration data all of the vehicle control cultures had frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations within the expected range. The positive control items induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations. The positive control in the presence of S9 (CP) produced a poor positive response initially and therefore extra metaphases were scored to confirm the positive response. The metabolic activation system was therefore shown to be functional and the test method itself was operating as expected.
The test item did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations either in the absence or
presence of metabolic activation.

From the polyploid cell frequency data the test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the numbers of polyploid cells at any dose level in either of the exposure groups.

The test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in either the absence or presence of a liver enzyme metabolising system in either of two separate experiments.
Remarks on result:
other: strain/cell type:
Remarks:
Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Results of cell growth inhibition test

24 Hour Treatment

Dose Level (µg/ml)

Mitotic Index (%)

0

100

19.53

89

39.06 H

34

78.13 H

20

156.25 H

NM

312.5 H C

NM

625 H G/COP C

NM

1250 H G/COP C

NM

2500 H G/COP C

NM

5000 H G/COP C

NM

NM = no metaphases suitable for scoring

G/OP = Greasy/oily precipitate observed at the end of exposure peiord in blood-free cultures

C = Cloudy precipitate observed at the end of exposure period in blood-free cultures

H = Haemolysis

Remarks:

  • Record the period of treatment and the period of recovery in parentheses
  • Continuous treatment tests should be conducted without metabolic activation
  • Fill in the value in order beginning with low concentrations of the test substance, designating the value of the solvent-treated group as 100%.

The observations of precipitate were taken at the end of the exposure period.

The maximum dose level was 5000 µg/ml which was the maximum recommended dose level.

 

Results of cell Growth Inhibition Test

4(20)-hour without metabolic activation

4(20)-hour with metabolic activation

Dose Level

(µg/ml)

Mitotic Index (%)

Dose Level

(µg/ml)

Mitotic Index (%)

0

100

0

100

19.53

75

19.53

89

39.06 H

38

39.06 H

73

78.13 H

NM

78.13 H

50

156.25 H

NM

156.25 H

NM

312.5 H G/OP

NM

312.5 H G/OP

NM

625 H G/OP C

NM

625 H G/OP C

NM

1250 H G/OP C

NM

1250 H G/OP C

NM

2500 H G/OP

NM

2500 H G/OP

NM

5000 H G/OP

NM

5000 H G/OP

NM

N/M = No metaphases suitable for scoring

G/OP = Greasy/oily precipitate observed at end of exposure period in blood-free cultures

C = cloudy precipitate observed at end of exposure period in blood-free cultures

H = Haemolysis

 

Remarks:

  • Record the period of treatment and the period of recovery in parentheses
  • Fill in the value in order beginning with low concentrations of the test substance =, designating the value of the solvent-treated group as 100%.
  • The observations of precipitate were taken at the end of the exposure period.

The maximum dose level was 5000 µg/ml, which was the maximum recommended dose level.

 

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

The test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in either the absence or presence of a liver enzyme metabolising system in either of two separate experiments. The test item was therefore considered to be non-clastogenic to human
lymphocytes in vitro
Executive summary:

TM 11 -213 was assessed for in vitro cytogenicity using human lymphocytes according to the OECD Test Guideline 473. The maximum concentration in the first test was 120 and 160 ug/ml for -S9 (20h) and +S9 (4h). At 60 ug/ml 50% mitotic inhibition was achieved in the absence of S9. In the presence of S9 the maximum mitotic index inhibition was 37% at 80 ug/ml due to a steep dose effect curve. In the second test the maximum concentrations that could be scored were 40 and 80 ug/ml -S9 (24h) and +S9 (4h), respectively, due to toxicity. At 40 ug/l the mitotic inhibition was decreased to 30% and for + S9 this was 37%. Due to the very steep dose effect curve further refinement to the dose levels to achieve a higher mitotic inhibition upt to 50% was not considered achievable. In view of the positive controls resulting in positive results the test is considered reliable. Therefore it can be concluded that TM11 -213 is not clastogenic under the conditions of this test.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (negative)

Additional information

Additional information from genetic toxicity in vitro:

The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) studywas performed according to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 471 to assess the mutagenic potential of the test material using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TA1537 and E. coli strain WP2uvrA. In the preliminary toxicityand reange-finding tests, the test substance was toxic (observed as a partial or complete absence of a bacterial lawn ) at concentrations of 150 ug/plate and higher for all test strians without metabolic activation and at 150 and 500 ug/plate in TA strains and E.coli respectively with metabolic activation. Based on the results from teh preliminary studies, the main test was conducted at test substance concentrations up to 500 ug/plate for all test strains with and without metabolic activation. In the main test, the number of revertants were not significantly increased in any of the tester strians at any of the test concentrations. Therefore the test substance is not mutagneic under the conditions of this test.

In vitro cytogenicity: TM 11 -213 was assessed for chromosomal aberrations using human lymphocytes according to the OECD Test Guideline 473. The maximum test concentrations in the first experiment were 120 and 160 ug/ml for the 4(20)hr group without S9 (metabolic activation) and the 4(20)hr group with S9 - respectively. At 60 ug/ml, 50% mitotic inhibition was achieved in the absence of S9. In the presence of S9 themaximum mitotic inhibition achieved was 37% at 80 ug/ml. At the next highest concentration of 120 ug/ml, there were no observed metaphases suitable for scoring In view of this observed steep dose effect curve above 80 ug/ml, a higher percent inhibition was not possible. Therefore the maximum concentrations for metaphase analysis were 60 ug/ml without S9 and 80 ug/ml with S9. Under these conditions (Experiment 1) the test substance did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations compared to the untreated controls in the absence or presence of S9For the second experiment, the maximum concentrations were 100 ug/ml for both the 24hr incubation without S9 and the 4(20)hr incubation with S9. The maximum concentrations with metaphases suitable for scoring were determined to be 60 ug/ml in the absence of S9 and 80 ug/ml in the presence of S9. At 40 ug/ml, 30% mitotic inhibition was achieved in the absence of S9 and 37% inhibition was acheived at 80 ug/ml in the presence of S9. Again due to the observed very steep dose effect curve, further refinement of the test concentrationsto achieve a higher mitotic inhibition up to 50% was not considered achievable. For these reasons, the maximum concentrations for metaphase analysis in Experiment 2 were determined to be 40 ug/ml in the absence of S9 and 80 ug/ml in the presence of S9. Under these conditions, the test substance did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations in either the absence or presence of S9 metabolic activation. Even though 50% mitotic inhibition was not achieved in all treatment groups due to the steepness of the toxicity curve, the investigators considered that the test substance was adequately tested and that the vehicle controls and positive control groups responded in an appropriate manner. The test substance did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations in the absence or presence of S9 metabolic activation in either experiment. Therefore, it can be concluded that TM 11-213 is non-clastogenic to human lymphocytes in vitro.


Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
The two studies available are reliable and are adequate for covering this endpoint.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the available information in the dossier, TM 11 -213 does not need to be classified for genotoxicity when considering the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC and Annex VI of 67/548/EEC.