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Environmental fate & pathways

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Sulfonium compounds, C11-14-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl), 2-hydroxyethyl sulfates (salts) is not expected to be bioaccumulative. Due to their readily biodegradable nature, extensive degradation of these substances in conventional STPs will take place and only low concentrations are expected to be released into the environment. Once present in the aquatic compartment, further biodegradation and adsorption will occur lowering the bioavailable fraction. Being a cationic surfactant the substance will be bioavailable to aquatic organisms such as fish (if at all) via feed and contact with suspended organic particles. After ingestion by fish species, a low uptake rate via membranes of the GI tract as well as extensive and rapid biotransformation after entering the body is expected.