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EC number: 297-664-9 | CAS number: 93686-15-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
No experimental data are available for the target substance C16 IOS-Na.
A negative Ames test according to OECD TG 471 is available for the closely related source substance 1 (C16-18 IOS-Na C16-rich).
In the two main tests, neither an increase in the number of revertant colonies (more than twice as many as that of the negative control) nor a dose-related response was observed at any doses in any strains of base-pair substitution type or frame-shift type, with or without metabolic activation. The revertant colonies of the positive controls showed an increase of more than twice that of the negative controls and they were within limit of controls (mean±3SD) in historical data, indicating that this study was performed correctly. From these results, mutagenicity of the test substance was judged negative.
A negative result in the bacterial reverse mutation assay is also available for the source substance 2 (C14-16 AOS-Na). Although there is only incomplete information available from a review article (Greim et al. 1994), the information supports that for the entire group of alpha-Olefin sulfonatesa genotoxic potential is not expected.
Also, the results of several in vitro studies (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test and Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test) with thea-olefin sulfonates were negative (Wibbertmann et al. 2011).
Alkyl sulfates with different chain lengths and counter ions were tested in variety of in vitro and in vivo test systems (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test, Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test, Rodent Dominant Lethal Test, Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test and Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test) performed according to current standards and there was no indication for a genotoxic potential.
Based on the overall negative results in the genotoxicity assays with alkylsulfates anda-olefinsulfonates, the absence of structural elements indicating mutagenicity, and the overall data- base on different types of sulfonates which all tested negative in mutagenicity assays, alkane sulfonates are not expected to have genotoxic potential (Wibbertmann et al. 2011).
The result for source substance 1 can be also applied for the target substance because the minor structural differences between the target substance and source substances 1 and 2 (see details above) are not expected to have an impact on the genotoxic potential.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
This read-across is based on the hypothesis that source and target substances have similar (eco)toxicological properties because
Source and target substances share structural similarities (predominantly linear aliphatic hydrocarbon chain) with a common functional group: (polar sulfonate group). The molecular structure is almost identical.
They are manufactured from similar resp. identical precursors under similar conditions. Therefore, common breakdown products via physical and biological processes, which result in structurally similar chemicals are evident. Target and source substances are both a mixture of linear long chain Sulfonic acids, alkene, sodium salts and Sulfonic acids, alkane hydroxy, sodium salts and share an identical counter ion. A constant pattern in the changing of the potency of the properties across the target and source substances by chain-length and is not observed, because the distribution is too narrow.
Therefore, read-across from the existing toxicity studies on the source substance, is considered as an appropriate adaptation to the standard information requirements of Annex VII, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5 as well as 9.1 and 9.2 of the REACH Regulation for the target substance, in accordance with the provisions of Annex XI, 1.5 of the REACH Regulation.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
see cross reference to assessment report: Justification for read-across document attached to section 13
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
see cross reference to assessment report: Justification for read-across document attached to section 13
4. DATA MATRIX
see cross reference to assessment report: Justification for read-across document attached to section 13 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- It is concluded that Sulfonic acids, C16-alkane hydroxy and C16-alkene, sodium salts is not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay carried out under the experimental conditions.
- Executive summary:
This read-across is based on the hypothesis that source and target substances have similar (eco)toxicological properties because
Source and target substances share structural similarities (predominantly linear aliphatic hydrocarbon chain) with a common functional group: (polar sulfonate group). The molecular structure is almost identical.
They are manufactured from similar resp. identical precursors under similar conditions. Therefore, common breakdown products via physical and biological processes, which result in structurally similar chemicals are evident. Target and source substances are both a mixture of linear long chain Sulfonic acids, alkene, sodium salts and Sulfonic acids, alkane hydroxy, sodium salts and share an identical counter ion. A constant pattern in the changing of the potency of the properties across the target and source substances by chain-length and is not observed, because the distribution is too narrow.
Therefore, read-across from the existing bacterial reverse mutation assay on the source substance, is considered as an appropriate adaptation to the standard information requirements of Annex VII, 8.4 of the REACH Regulation for the target substance, in accordance with the provisions of Annex XI, 1.5 of the REACH Regulation.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 19th July 2013 to 12nd August 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- S. typhimurium TA98; hisD 3052_GC rfa uvrB pKM101c
S. typhimurium TA100; hisG 46_GC rfa uvrB pKM101
S. typhimurium TA1535; hisG 46_GC rfa uvrB
S. typhimurium TA1537; hisC 3076_GC rfa uvrB
E. coli WP2uvrA; trpE65_AT rfa uvrA - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- For the tests without metabolic activation, 0.5 mL of 0.1 M Na-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 0.1 mL of each fresh bacterial culture were added to each tube containing 0.1 mL of the test solution. For the tests with metabolic activation, 0.5 mL of the S9 mix was added to each tube instead of the 0.1 M Na-phosphate buffer. The mixture was pre-incubated in a water bath at 37℃ for 20 minutes while shaking horizontally, and then 2.0 mL of top agar were added to the mixture, and the contents of each tube were poured over the surface of the minimal glucose agar plate. For the sterility test, 0.1 mL of the test solution of the highest dose and 0.5 mL of the S9 mix were put into each tube, 2.0 mL of top agar were then added to the tube, and the contents of each tube were poured over the surface of the minimal glucose agar plate. These operations were conducted under lamps with ultraviolet absorbent filter.All plates were incubated at 37℃ for 48 hours, and the number of revertant colonies was counted. Afterwards, growth inhibition of the test strains was checked using a stereoscopic microscope.
As top agar, a soft agar solution (0.6% Agar and 0.5% NaCl) with 1/10 by volume of the solution of 0.5 mM biotin-0.5 mM L-histidine and the same ratio of 0.5 mM L-tryptophan were used for the S. typhimurium TA strains and the E. coli strain, respectively. One minimal glucose agar plate was used for each dose level in the preliminary test and three minimal glucose agar plates were used for each dose level in two main tests which were performed at the same doses. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Water for injection (The Japanese Pharmacopoeia)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: From the result of the solubility test, the test substance was dissolved at 50 mg/mL in water, and neither exothermic reaction nor generation of gas was observed. Therefore water for injection was used as solvent for preparation. - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: 2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, 2-Methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(2-chloroethyl)aminopropylamino]acridine.2HCl, 2-Aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: Preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 minutes
- Exposure duration: 48 hours - Evaluation criteria:
- In the two main tests, if the number of revertant colonies on the test plates increased significantly in comparison with that on the control plates (based on twice as many as that of the negative control), and dose-response and reproducibility were also observed, the test substance was to be judged positive. The results at each concentration were demonstrated with the mean and the standard deviation.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- It is concluded that Internal Olefin Sulfonate is not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay carried out under the experimental conditions.
- Executive summary:
In the two main tests, neither an increase in the number of revertant colonies (more than twice as many as that of the negative control) nor a dose-related response was observed at any doses in any strains of base-pair substitution type or frame-shift type, with or without metabolic activation. The revertant colonies of the positive controls showed an increase of more than twice that of the negative controls and they were within limit of controls (mean±3SD) in historical data, indicating that this study was performed correctly. From these results, mutagenicity of the test substance was judged negative.
The growth inhibition of the test strains by the test substance was observed at some doses. And the precipitate of the test substance on the plates was not observed either with or without metabolic activation. In the sterility test on the test solution and the S9 mix, no growth of bacteria was observed.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Source: Hoechst AG
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulfonic acids sodium salts
- CAS 68439-57-6
- Analytical purity: No data - Target gene:
- his-operon
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: strains not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: strain not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- True negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- It is concluded that C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulfonic acids sodium salts is not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
The test substance did not show any genotoxic intrinsic properties in the Ames-Test, and is therefore considered to be non-genotoxic.
Therefore the substance is not to be classified as “genotoxic” according to GHS Regulation EC No 1272/2008. No labelling is required.
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