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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- July - August 1995
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the study followed a standard guideline and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study. However, the study did not follow GLP guidelines.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD guideline 202 section 2: Effects on biotic systems (1984)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The deviation did not impact the scientific integrity of the study
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of the control and the Water Accomodated Fractions (WAFs) prepared on each loading rate were taken on days 0, 2, 5, 7 and 14 from the stirring vessels and at termination (composite of replicates) for analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test solutions were prepared as WAFs (water accomodated fractions). Individual WAFs were prepared by adding the appropriate amount of the test substance to 3.5 L of dilution water in a 4 L size glass aspirator bottle. The mixtures were stirred for approximately 24 hours on a magnetic stirplate with a Teflon coated stirbar. Stirring was initiated using a vortex of <10% of the static liquid depth (1.5 cm). Each vesesl was stoppered with a foil covered neoprene stopper. All mixtures appeared clear during the stirring period.
After stirring, WAFs were removed through the outlet at the bottom of the vessel and added to test chambers. New WAF solutions were prepared for each 24-hour renewal. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: cultured in the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory of Exxon Biomedical Sciences, INC.
- Age of parental stock: 16 days
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Selenastrum capricornutum (algae)
- Amount: 2.32*10^5 cells/mL on days 0-6 and 1.56*10^5 cells/mL on days 7-21
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no acclimation period (daphnia <= 24 hours old)
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES
Young were observed, counted and removed daily. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure period
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- Mean test temperature (water): 20°c (sd=0.05), continuously monitored by computer in test area.
- pH:
- 6.6 TO 7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.2 TO 9.3 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Freshwater study
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range finding test: Nominal concentrations (loading rates): 50, 10, 2.5, 1 and 0.5 mg/L. Samples of the control and the 50 mg/L loading were analyzed for the test substance by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The results of the analysis showed that the levels of the test susbtance were below the practical quantitation limit of 0.2 mg/L.
Definitive test: 0, 1, and 5 mg/L (nominal concentrations = loading rates) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed (flasks stoppered with foil covered neoprene stoppers on days 0-6; flasks covered with plexiglass sheets on days 7-21)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 500 mL size glass erlenmeyer flasks, containing approximately 560mL of solution on days -6 (no head space) and 500 mL solution on days 7-21; test chambers rinsed with reverse osmosis water after renewals to remove food substrates
- Aeration: no aeration
- Renewal rate of test solution: renewal of the test solutions was performed on Monday, Wednesday and Friday by transferring the adult daphnids to new solutions via pipette.
- No. of organisms per vessel: range-finding test: 5; definitve test: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): range-finding test: 2 (two trials); definitive test: 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): range-finding test: 2 (two trials); definitive test: 4
- Biomass loading rate: definitive test: 1 daphnid per approximately 50 to 56 mL of solution
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: BW3 supplemented with vitamin B12 and selenium
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The quality of the dilution water used in culture and testing is monitored at weekly, monthly, semi-annual and annual intervals.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16h ightL/ 8 h Dark with gradual intensity conversion between periods
- Light intensity: approximately 630 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Adult mortality / immobilization
- Percent reduction in reproduction (based on cumulative young per adults)
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 10, and 50 mg/L
- Loadings used for the definitive study: 0, 1, and 5 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (loading rate)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- cumulative average young per adult
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (loading rate)
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: (adults)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (loading rate)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- cumulative average young per adult
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (loading rate)
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: (adults)
- Details on results:
- The first brood were observed in the control and each loading after 7 days. By day 14 a cumulative average of 20 young per female were produced in the control. A cumulative average of 54 young per female were produced in the control by day 21.
Other details on results in §Remarks on results including tables and figures. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference susbtance
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The No Observed Effect Loading Rate (NOELR) was determined using Dunnett's procedure of SAS.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dissolved oxygen fell below 60% sat. on day 12 in old solution. Since treatment was renewed, not believed to have effect on study. At day 21, 54 young per adult rather than 60, but believed sufficient young were produced for evaluation.
- Conclusions:
- The 21-day EL50s based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction were >5 mg/L. The 21-day No Observed Effect Loading Rates (NOELRs) based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction was 5 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The 21-day EL50s based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction were >5 mg/L loading. The 21-day No Observed Effect Loading Rates (NOELRs) based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction was 5 mg/L.
The study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of the water accomodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance to the daphnid, Daphnia magna, in a semi-static system for a 21-day period. The loading rates for this test were 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L. A control of laboratory dilution water was also tested. Individual WAFs were prepared by adding the appropriate amount of the test substance to 3.5 liters of BW3 in a 4 L size glass aspirator bottle. The mixtures were then stirred for approximately 24 hours on a magnetic stirplate with a Teflon coated stirbar. Stirring was initiated using a vortex of <10% of the static liquid depth (1.5 cm). Each vessel was stoppered to prevent loss of volatiles. After stirring, the WAF was removed from the outlet at the bottom of the vessel.
Four replicates chambers were prepared per treatment by completely filling the test chambers with WAF (no headspace). Samples were removed from each WAF and the control on day 0, 2, 5, 7, 14, and at termination (composite of the replicate test chambers) for chemical analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GS-FID). The results of the analysis showed that the levels of the test substance were below the practical quantitation limit of 0.2 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 24th July 2001 to 1st August 2001
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well documented study. However, information on the substance is lacking, particularly the density of the susbtance would have been necessary to be able to calculate the end-point values as concentrations (mg/L for instance) instead of % WAF as it is in the study report. MSDS needed.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA 1002.0: Ceriodaphnia survival and reproduction test
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ceriodaphnia dubia are exposed to the substance and the test is ended when 60% of the surviving control females produced 3 broods of young.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No test surrogate or analogue material - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable (no analytical monitoring)
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Water accommodated fractions (WAFs) were prepraed on alternate days durinfg testing accoding to methods described by Anderson et al. (Anderson, 1974). Ten parts of the test water and one part of the test material were combined to prepare each WAF; actual volumes of liquids were dependent on the volume needed for testing. The solutions were mixed for 20 +/- 1 hours using a magnetic stir bar and a stir plate. The vortex produced during mixing was not allowed to exceed 25% of the distance from the liquid surface to the bottom of the mixing chamber. After mixing, the WAFs were extracted from a point near the bottom of the mixing chambers by siphoning.
- Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: obtained from in-house cultures at the Fort Collins Environmental Toxicology Laboratory
- Age: At the time of test initiation, the test organisms were less than 24-hour old
- Feeding during test
- No feeding during the range-finding test
- Feeding during the definitive test:
- Food type: yeast-trout chow-cereal leaves/algae mix
- Amount: 0.2 ml per test chamber
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 24 h after hatching
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Good physical condition - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 6 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Data were gathered through 7 days, although 60% of the surviving control females had third brood by day 6, when the test should have been terminated.
- Hardness:
- 96-106 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20+/- 1°C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >=6.9 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Conductivity: 339-346 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% WAF
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 30 mL plastic beakers with 15 mL test medium
- No aeration during any of the tests
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted moderatly hard water (USEPA, 1994. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving water to freshwater organisms. EPA/600/4-91/002)
- Chlorine <0.05 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 66-69 mg/L CaCO3
- Conductivity:339-364 µS/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod:16 h L / 8 h D (fluorescent lighting)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Mortality of adults (defined as no visible movement after gentle prodding with a blunt probe
- Total number of young produced per adult
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 1, 10 and 100% WAF for 24 hours
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: the high concentration for the definitive test is set at 100% WAF. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Sodium chloride NaCl
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Not reached
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EL25
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Not reached
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: No statistical differences between control and treated
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: No statistical differences between control and treated
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Not reached
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EL 25
- Effect conc.:
- 80.9 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Determined by linear interpolation
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: No statistical differences between control and treated
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: No statistical differences between control and treated
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: see table 1 (§ Remarks on results including tables and figures)
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: see table 1 (§ Remarks on results including tables and figures) - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- IC25 = 554 mg/L (95% Confidence interval: 136-745) (NaCl as mg/L Cl-)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- See table 2 (§ Remarks on results including tables and figures)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOELR for Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to Vista C13-C16 was >100% WAF based on mortality and reproduction (no statistical differences between treatment groups)
- Executive summary:
The study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the test substance Vista C13-C16 to the water fleaCeriodaphnia dubia, in a semi-static system. The test was ended when 60% of the control females had produced 3 broods (6 days).
The water accommodated fractions were prepared by mixing 1 volume of the test substance with 10 volumes of dilution water. The dilution water was reconstituted moderately hard water prepared in the laboratory according to USEPA (USEPA, 1994. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving water to freshwater organisms. EPA/600/4-91/002). A range-finding test with 0, 1, 10 and 100 % WAF allowed setting the high concentration at 100% WAF for the definitive test. The definitive test was performed with 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % WAF. The stock solution was prepared on alternate days as WAF by mixing 1 volume of test substance to 10 volumes of dilution water. The solution was mixed for 20±1 hours and the WAF was extracted from a point near the bottom of the mixing chamber by siphoning.
10 replicates, each containing one organism, were tested for each treatment. The test media were renewed daily. Mortality and reproduction were assessed daily.
An EL25(reported as IC25in the study report) was calculated for reproduction by linear interpolation: EL25= 80.9 % WAF
However, the statistical study showed that there was no statistical difference between treatment groups (including control group) for mortality as well as for reproduction. Therefore, the No Observed Effect Loading Rate based on adult mortality and reproduction (expressed as number of young per female) was set at > 100 % WAF.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Definitive test: Percent adult mortality / immobilization and percent reduction in reproduction (based on cumulative youngs per adult) for the 14- and 21-day period.
Loading rate (mg/L) |
% Adult Mortality / Immobilization |
% Reduction in reproduction |
||
14 days |
21 days |
14 days |
21 days |
|
Control |
7.5 |
17.5 |
N/A |
N/A |
1.0 |
10 |
12 |
0 |
9 |
5.0 |
10 |
25 |
25 |
28 |
N/A - Not applicable, % reduction in reproduction as compared to the controls.
Table 1. Chronic exposure ofCeriodaphnia dubiato Vista C13-C16: Definitve test results
Test concentration (% WAF) |
Survival (%) on each test day
|
Mean young per female |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
||
0 (Control) |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
90 |
18.0 |
12.5 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
16.8 |
25 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
15.7 |
50 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
90 |
13.0 |
75 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
15.8 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
10.6 |
Table 2. Chronic exposure ofCeriodaphnia dubiato Vista C13-C16: Statistical methods
End point |
Comparison |
Procedure |
Survival |
Significant reduction relative to the dilution water control |
Inspection |
Treshold inhibition concentration (IC25/EL25) |
Inspection |
|
Reproduction |
Normality |
Chi-Square test (α=0.01) |
Homogeneity of variance |
Bartlett’s test (α=0.01) |
|
Significant reduction relative to the dilution water control |
Dunnett’s test (α=0.05) |
|
Treshold inhibition concentration (IC25/EL25) |
Linear interpolation |
Description of key information
There is no data available for this substance. However, key, WOE and supporting data is available for structural analogues Hydrocarbons, C13-C16, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes,<2% aromatics. The data is read across to this substance based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13. Key and weight-of-evidence information is summarised below:
Hydrocarbons, C13-C16, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics presented 21-d NOELRs for Daphnia magna of 5 mg/L, based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction.
Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes,<2% aromatics presented 6-d NOELRs for Ceriodaphnia dubia of >100% WAF, based on mortality and reproduction.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The substances are poorly soluble and made of constituents with various water solubilities. As a consequence, exposures were performed with Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs). Therefore, the results are based on nominal loadings and no NOEC value can be given.
The 21-day EL50s for Hydrocarbons, C13-C16, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction were >5 mg/L. The 21-day No Observed Effect Loading Rates (NOELRs) based on adult immobilization and reduction in reproduction was 5 mg/L.
The NOELR for Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics was >100% WAF based on mortality and reproduction (no statistical differences between treatment groups).
The NOELR for Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to Hydrocarbons, C14-C17, n-alkanes,<2% aromatics was >100% WAF based on mortality and reproduction (no statistical differences between treatment groups).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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