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EC number: 619-290-0 | CAS number: 97780-06-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Reference substance 002
- Cas Number:
- 97780-06-8
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- Purity: 99.2%
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 120 mg a.s./L
- Sampling method: All samples were collected at mid-depth and were placed in glass scintillation vials. Two sets of samples were collected at each interval. One set was processed immediately for analysis. The second set was stored refrigerated for possible future analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dilution water
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- A 2-L primary stock solution was prepared at a nominal concentration of 120 mg a.s./L, the highest nominal concentration tested, by mixing a calculated amount of test substance into dilution water (UV sterilized well water). The primary stock was stirred to mix using a magnetic stir bar and stir plate for approximately 30 minutes followed by sonication for 50 minutes. The solution was brought up to volume with dilution water and inverted to mix. The primary stock solution appeared cloudy with no precipitate at the end of the mixing. Aliquots of the 120 mg a.s./L stock solution were proportionally diluted with UV sterilized well water to prepare 1-L batches of test solution at nominal concentrations of 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg a.s./L. The test solutions were mixed by inversion at least twenty times.
- At test termination, test solutions at 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg a.s./L appeared clear and colourless, while test solution at 120 mg a.s./L appeared clear and colourless with fine greyish precipitate on the bottom of the test chambers.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Cladoceran
- Source: Wildlife International, Ltd., Easton, Maryland
- Age of Daphnid neonates: <24 hours
- Feeding during test: Unfed
- Food type: Mixture of yeast, cereal grass media and trout chow (YCT), as well as a suspension of the freshwater green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)
- Frequency: Daily. The adults were fed prior to test initiation, but neonates were not fed during the test.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 21 days
- Type and amount of food: Mixture of yeast, cereal grass media and trout chow (YCT), as well as a suspension of the freshwater green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)
- Feeding frequency: Daily
- Health during acclimation: The adults showed no signs of disease or stress and no ephippia were produced during the holding period.
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: At test initiation, the juvenile daphnids were collected from the cultures and indiscriminately transferred one and two at a time to transfer chambers until each chamber contained five daphnids. Each group of daphnids then was transferred to an indiscriminately assigned test chamber. All transfers were made below the water surface using wide-bore pipettes.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 134 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 7.7 to 8.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥8.2 mg/L (≥91% of saturation)
- Conductivity:
- 363 μS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg a.s./L
Measured: 0, 7.5, 14, 28, 56, 108 mg a.s./L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250-mL glass beakers containing 250 mL of test water
- Depth: 7.0 cm
- Aeration: Unaerated
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Test facility well water was passed through a sand filter to remove particles greater than approximately 25 μm, and pumped into a 37800-L storage tank where the water was aerated with spray nozzles. Prior to use, the water was filtered to 0.45 μm and passed through an ultraviolet sterilizer to remove fine particles and microorganisms.
- Alkalinity: 179 mg/L as CaCO3
- Hardness: 138 mg/L as CaCO3
- Specific conductance: 360 μS/cm
- pH: 8.1
- Chloride: 4.2 mg/L
- Total organic carbon at test initiation: <1 mg C/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness
- Light intensity: 371 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Observations were made periodically to determine the numbers of immobile organisms in each treatment group. The numbers of individuals exhibiting signs of toxicity or abnormal behaviour also were evaluated. Observations were made approximately 2.5, 24 and 48 hours after test initiation.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 108 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Immobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: The highest mean measured test concentration causing no immobility
- Details on results:
- Daphnids in the negative control group appeared normal throughout the test, with no immobility or sublethal effects observed. All daphnids in the 56 and 108 mg a.s./L treatment group also appeared normal throughout the test, with no immobility or overt signs of toxicity observed. Percent immobility at test termination in the 7.5, 14 and 28 mg a.s./L treatment groups was 5, 5 and 5% immobility, respectively, at test termination. All surviving daphnids in these groups appeared normal with no overt signs of toxicity observed. Since no immobile/mortality daphnids were observed in the 56 and 108 mg a.s./L treatment groups, the observed immobile daphnids in the 7.5, 14 and 28 mg a.s./L were considered to be incidental and not treatment related.
The highest mean measured test concentration causing no immobility at test end was 108 mg/L. The lowest mean measured test concentration causing 100% immobility at test end was greater than 108 mg/L. The EC50 values at 24 and 48 hours were estimated to be greater than the highest concentration tested.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- 48 h EC50 (Daphnia magna): >108 mg a.s./L (highest mean measured test concentration)
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test substance to unfed Daphnia magna was determined in an unaerated, static, 48-hour test. The test was conducted in accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, 202, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Series 850 – Ecological Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS Number 850.1010. Treatments consisted of a dilution water control and mean measured test concentrations of 7.5, 14, 28, 56 and 108 mg a.s./L. Observations were made periodically to determine the numbers of immobile organisms in each treatment group. Immobility was defined as a lack of movement by the test organism except for minor activity of the appendages. The numbers of individuals exhibiting signs of toxicity or abnormal behaviour also were evaluated. Observations were made approximately 2.5, 24 and 48 hours after test initiation.
The 48-hour EC50 value was estimated to be greater than 108 mg a.s./L, the highest concentration tested. The highest mean measured test concentration causing no immobility at test end was 108 mg a.s./L. The lowest mean measured test concentration causing 100% immobility at test end was greater than 108 mg a.s./L.
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