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EC number: 203-870-1 | CAS number: 111-44-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- Non-standard exposure duration.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 7-days fish toxicity test
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Name (as cited): 2, 2'-Dichlorodiethylether
- Purity: not specified - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Unclear if acetone or propanol-2 was used as a vehicle
- Details on test solutions:
- Acetone or propanol-2 stock solutions were used to prepare the desired concentration of the solute. To each litre of standard water 100µL
of stock solution was added, or as much of the undiluted solute as necessary, if this amount exceeded 100 µL. The concentrations increased in geometrical progression with a ratio of 3.2. - Test organisms (species):
- Poecilia reticulata
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
- Age at study initiation: 2-3-month-old
ACCLIMATION: not specified
FEEDING DURING TEST: not specified - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not specified
- Hardness:
- 25 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- Not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 1.5-1itre vessels
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: fill volume of 1L
- Aeration: not specified
- Renewal rate of test solution: daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: not specified
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): not specified
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: standard water prepared according to Alabaster and Abram (Adv. Water Poll. Res., vol1, 1964
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 54.37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 was determined at 54.37 mg/L in Poecilia reticulatafollowing a 7-days exposure period.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of 72 industrial pollutants on Poecilia reticulata and to use these experimental data to develop a QSAR relating fish toxicity to hydrophobicity of the selected chemicals. The fishes were exposed over a 7-days period to a range of concentrations spaced by a factor of 3.2. The study was performed according to a semi-static procedure, with the test solution being renewed daily. The fish LC50 was determined to be 54.37 mg/L. No analytical monitoring data are reported in the original publication.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- Traces of undissolved substance were observed despite the hightest tested concentration is lower than the solubility limit of the test substance
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians (U.S. EPA 1975)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- pre-GLP
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- TES MATERIAL:
- Names (as cited): bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
- Purity: > 80% for all tested chemmicals. The purity of Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether is not specified. - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Evidence of undissolved material: Traces of undissolved substance were observed despite the hightest tested concentration is lower than the solubility limit of the test substance - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus):
- Origin: commercial fish suppliers within the continetal United State
- Wet weight: 0.32-1.2 g
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
- Source: commercial fish suppliers within the continetal United State
- Age at study initiation: < 1 year
- Weight at study initiation: 0.32-1.2 g
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: yes (48h)
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: fed ad libitum daily with dry, pelleted food and once weekly with raw ground beef liver
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: daily
- Health during acclimation: < 3% mortality during the acclimation period - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Hardness:
- 32-48 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- 6.7-7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.0-8.8 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 93-190 umhos/cm.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 19.6-L widemouthed glass jars
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed (capped)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 15 L of test solution
- Aeration: not psecified
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of replicates: not specified
- Control: yes
- Solvent control: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionized water reconstituted according to recommended procedures (U.S. EPA 1975)
- pH: 6.7-7.8
- Conductance: 93-190 umhos/cm.
- Alkalinity: 28-34 mg/L CaC03
- Ca/mg ratio: 32-48 mg/L CaCO3
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0 and 96h
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 600 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 600 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 220 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Traces of undissolved substance were observed despite the hightest tested concentration is lower than the solubility limit of the test substance
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 for Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether was determined at 600 mg/L following a 96h exposure period.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of 64 chemical compounds on Lepomis macrochirus based on the "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians" (U.S. EPA 1975). Ten fish were randomly selected from a test population for each test concentrations and exposed over a 96h period. Fish mortality, behavioral and physiological responses, and solution appearance were observed and recorded at time 0 and every 24 h during exposure. Under the conditions of this test, the LC50 for Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether was determined at 600 mg/L following a 96h exposure period.
This study reports the fact that undissolved test substance was observed over the course of the experiment. This questions the methodlogy used by the authors and the results obtained considering that the highest test concentration (0.6 g/L) was well below the solubility limit of the chemical (c.a. 10 g/L). Accordingly, this study was disregarded to assess the toxicity of the substance towards aquatic organsims.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not details provided
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Frequency of sampling: at the start of exposure and before renewal of test solution
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Details on test organisms:
- No details provided
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not specified
- Hardness:
- Not specified
- Test temperature:
- 24 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- Not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not specified
- Salinity:
- Not specified
- Conductivity:
- Not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Fill volume: 2.5 L per vessel
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: not specified
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable (limit test)
- Test concentrations: 100 mg/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 6 hours light / 8 hours dark - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- No mortalities observed at 100 mg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In this limit test, no fish mortalities were observed at 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
This study was conducted on behalf of the Japanese Ministry of Environment (MOE). The methodology was based on OECD Technical Guideline N°203 under GLP. 2 replicate vessels containing 5 fishes each were used to evaluate the toxicity of Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether to Oryzias latipes. At the limit concentration of 100 mg/L, no fish mortalities was observed.
As no detailed information was available, a reliability factor of 2 was assigned to this guideline study.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The study selected as key information was conducted on behalf of the Japanese Ministry of Environment (MOE). The methodology was based on OECD Technical Guideline N°203 under GLP. 2 replicate vessels containing 5 fishes each were used to evaluate the toxicity of Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether to Oryzias latipes. At the limit concentration of 100 mg/L, no fish mortalities was observed. As no detailed information was available, a reliability factor of 2 was assigned to this guideline study. Based on this result the substance does not meet the GHS-UN classification criteria.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
This assessment is based on three published studies, only one study was conducted according to a recommended guideline.
The study selected as key information was conducted on behalf of the Japanese Ministry of Environment (MOE). The methodology was based on OECD Technical Guideline N°203 under GLP. 2 replicate vessels containing 5 fishes each were used to evaluate the toxicity of Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether to Oryzias latipes. At the limit concentration of 100 mg/L, no fish mortalities was observed. As no detailed information was available, a reliability factor of 2 was assigned to this guideline study.
The study of Könemann (Toxicology, 1981, 19:209-21) aimed at determining the acute toxicity of 72 industrial pollutants on Poecilia reticulata and to use these experimental data to develop a QSAR relating fish toxicity to hydrophobicity of the selected chemicals. The fishes were exposed over a 7-days period to a range of concentrations spaced by a factor of 3.2. The study was performed according to a semi-static procedure, with the test solution being renewed daily. The fish LC50 was determined to be 54.36 mg/L. No analytical monitoring data are reported in the original publication. The duration of the experiment (7 days) was longer than the recommended exposure period (96 hours). It is considered as unreliable for this assessment considering the non-standard exposure period.
The study of Boccafusco et al. (Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol., 26:446-52) performed in collaboration with Allied Chemical Corporation adn U.S. EPA, aimed at determining the acute toxicity of 64 chemical compounds on Lepomis macrochirus based on the "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians" (U.S. EPA 1975). Ten fish were randomly selected from a test population for each test concentrations and exposed over a 96h period. Fish mortality, behavioral and physiological responses, and solution appearance were observed and recorded at time 0 and every 24 h during exposure. Under the conditions of this test, the LC50 for Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether was determined at 600 mg/L following a 96h exposure period. This study reports the fact that undissolved test substance was observed over the course of the experiment. This questions the methodlogy used by the authors and the results obtained considering that the highest test concentration (0.6 g/L) was well below the solubility limit of the chemical (c.a. 10 g/L). Accordingly, this study was disregarded to assess the toxicity of the substance towards aquatic organisms.
Conclusion: A single study reports reliable data obtained according to a standard method under GLPon the acute toxicity of Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether to fish. Accordingly, the results from the study sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Environment was selected as key study. Based on this study, the fish LC50 of Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether is > 100 mg/L.
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