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EC number: 231-995-1 | CAS number: 7783-40-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 7 February 2017- 10 February 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- resp. EU C.3
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature in the experiment was in a range of 20.9 – 22.6 °C and partialy outside the range stated in the guideline. Because normal growth was observed and the deviation was very slightly, this can be stated as uncritical.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Materion / lot 662599-1
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 31-Jul 2017
- Purity test date: 18- Jan-2016
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: RT, away from moisture
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: low solubility
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: not expected - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were WAFs. This was done by weighing the nominal load 100 mg/L (real load 100.1 mg/L), adding tap water and stirring for 24 hours. The resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 µm Nylon filters. Sampling intervals were 0, 24H 48h and 72h. After filtration the required amounts of minerals were added
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
For each treatment, 200 mL of the respective test item solution was mixed with the neces-sary amount of algal pre-culture (0.520 mL) to achieve a cell concentration of 4.5 *103 cells/mL. In this mixture, the pH-value was measured. Samples for the analytical determi-nation were taken.
For the blank control, 350 mL nutrient medium was used instead of test item solution and mixed with the necessary amount of algal pre-culture (0.911 mL). In this mixture, the pH-value was measured.
The real cell concentration at the beginning of the test was measured with an electronic particle counter in the blank control solution. This measured value was used as start cell concentration for all replicates.
The test vessels were filled with 45 mL of the respective test solution and incubated open (covered with perforated plastic foil) for 72 hours, shaken on an orbital shaker. Before the start of incubation and every 24 hours, the cell number was determined with an electronic particle counter. After the test, the pH value in treatments and blank control was meas-ured again.
At the end of the test, the treatments were examined microscopically in order to assess the appearance of the algae and detect abnormalities (e.g. caused by the exposure to the test item).
The concentration of Magnesium in the test vessels was measured at the start and at the end of the test - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular freshwater green alga, Desmodesmus subspicatus
- SAG Strain Number: 86.81
- Taxonomic position: Chlorophyta - Chlorophyceae
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The culture of Desmodesmus subspicatus was obtained in January 2016 by MBM Sci-encebridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen).
- Origen and Culture: The algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar at 2 - 8 °C. From the stock culture, a permanent culture was prepared. From an aliquot of the perma-nent culture, the pre-culture was prepared.
ACCLIMATION
Four days before the start of each test, an aliquot of the permanent culture was brought into nutrient medium and incubated under continuous lighting for 96 hours. The resulting culture grew exponentially.
Before usage, the pre-culture was checked for the absence of cell aggregates and the cell number of culture was determined. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 20.9 – 22.6 °C
- pH:
- 7.6-8.7
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations of 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass flasks total volume 65 mL
- Type: closed
- Aeration: No
- Initial cells density: 4.5x10*3 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 replicates for each treatment
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 replicates for the blank control
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: A stock solution containing 100.4 mg/L in algal medium (demineralised water enriched with minerals but without algae) was prepared. The lower treatments were prepared by dilution of this stock solution with nutrient medium.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Yes
- Adjustment of pH: No needed. It was measured with a pH-meter 340i wtw.
- Photoperiod: The algae were held under continuous lighting throughout the test.
- Light intensity and quality: The target light intensity was 4500 Lux (Luxmeter LT lutron LX-101). Light intensity was measured at test solution level at four occasions (0h, 24h, 48h and 72h).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: The cell numbers were determined with an electronic particle (Cell Counter Beckman Z2)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Nominal concentrations used in the range-finding test: 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 (CAS No. 7778-50-9)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): Yes, changes in mean cell density in the negative control replicates over the 72-hour exposure period indicated that exponential growth of cells occurred in those replicates.
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): No changes in cell morphology was observed when compared to the control replicates during the microscoping examinations of the cells.
- Findings: The cell numbers were determined with an electronic particle. The means and standard deviations of the cell numbers of the blank control and the treatments are presented in the table 4. The appearance of the algae at the end of the test is stated in the table 5. From the cell numbers, the Growth Rate µ and the Yield were calculated. The means and standard deviations at the end of the test are given in the table 6. The mean inhibition values were calculated for the Growth Rate µ and the Yield, see details in the table 7. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The results of the last study with the positive control K2Cr2O7 are presented in the section "Any other information on results incl. tables" (table 8). The study was performed under GLP conditions in October 2016 and 72h EC50 (growth rate) was 0.80 mg/L, 95% confidence interval, 0.78 - 0.83 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Calculation of results was performed with the help of validated software ((Microsoft Excel®). As inhibition in all concentrations was lower than 0, indicating a stimulation of algal growth compared to the blank control, the NOEC was stated as being equal or higher than the highest tested concentration of 100 mg/L nominal concentration. Accordingly the EC values and the LOEC were stated as being higher than the highest tested concentration of 100 mg/L nominal concentration
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 72-hour toxicity of alga (Desmodesmus subspicatus) to the registered substance was determined according to OECD 201 guideline in compliance with GLP. The study was conducted based on nominal concentrations. Nominal concentrations of 4.6 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 22 mg/l, 46 mg/l and 100 mg/L were used. As a result, EC10, EC50, NOEC, LOEC values were determined.
- Executive summary:
The 72-hour toxicity of alga (Desmodesmus subspicatus) to the registered substance was determined according to OECD 201 guideline in compliance with GLP.
The study was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 4.6 to 100 mg/L nominal concentration. Incubation time was 72 hours. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring the cell numbers every 24 hours with an electronic particle counter. Growth rate µ and the yield were determined from the cell number at the respective observation times. Significant inhibition of algal growth was not observed in any concentration. At the start and a the end of the test, the content of Magnesium in the test solution was determined using ICP.OES.
The 72h-EC50s of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9) were determined in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.73 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
As a result, EC10, EC50, NOEC, LOEC values were determined.
Reference
Table 4. Cell Number/mL | |||||
Nominal Concentration in mg/L | Parameter | Cell Number/mL | |||
0 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | ||
Blank control* | Mean | 4560 | 11192 | 64148 | 251884 |
Blank control* | SD | 0 | 1382 | 6116 | 41088 |
4.6 | Mean | 4560 | 16467 | 71220 | 281760 |
SD | 0 | 6366 | 3229 | 42488 | |
10 | Mean | 4560 | 11207 | 79633 | 327447 |
SD | 0 | 733 | 11665 | 72967 | |
22 | Mean | 4560 | 11053 | 65740 | 306520 |
SD | 0 | 820 | 11811 | 38134 | |
46 | Mean | 4560 | 11600 | 81600 | 336507 |
SD | 0 | 1463 | 6834 | 40072 | |
100 | Mean | 4560 | 11593 | 66833 | 283807 |
SD | 0 | 497 | 7977 | 63917 |
SD = Standard Deviation* Due to extremely low algal growth in the 1streplicate of the blank control, this replicate was excluded from further calculations
Table 5. Microscopical Observations | ||
Nominal Concentration in mg/L | Normal and Healthy Appearance of the Algae | |
Blank control | Yes | |
4.6 | Yes | |
10 | Yes | |
22 | Yes | |
46 | Yes | |
100 | Yes |
Table 6. Growth Rate µ, Yield | |||
Nominal Concentration in mg/L | Parameter | Growth Rate | Yield (0-72h) |
(0-72h) [day-1] | [Cell Concentration/mL] | ||
Blank control* | Mean | 1.33 | 247324 |
SD | 0.06 | 41088 | |
4.6 | Mean | 1.37 | 277200 |
SD | 0.05 | 42488 | |
10 | Mean | 1.42 | 322887 |
SD | 0.08 | 72967 | |
22 | Mean | 1.4 | 301960 |
SD | 0.04 | 38134 | |
46 | Mean | 1.43 | 331947 |
SD | 0.04 | 40072 | |
100 | Mean | 1.37 | 279247 |
SD | 0.08 | 63917 | |
SD = Standard Deviation | |||
* Due to extremely low algal growth in the 1st replicate of the blank control, this replicate was excluded from further calculations. |
Table 7. Inhibition Values | ||
Nominal Concentration in mg/L | % Inhibition | |
Growth Rate (0-72h) | Yield (0-72h) | |
Blank control* | 0 | 0 |
4.6 | -2.89 | -12.08 |
10 | -6.38 | -30.55 |
22 | -5.05 | -22.09 |
46 | -7.4 | -34.22 |
100 | -2.8 | -12.91 |
Negative inhibition values indicate a stimulation of algal growth compared to the blank control. |
Description of key information
The 72-hour toxicity of algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) to the registered substance was determined according to OECD 201 guideline in compliance with GLP. The study was conducted based on nominal concentrations. Nominal concentrations of 4.6 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 22 mg/l, 46 mg/l and 100 mg/L were used. As a result, EC10, EC50, NOEC, LOEC values were determined. No toxicity was observed at the concentrations tested. No toxicity was observed at the concentrations tested. Therefore, based on the available data, the lowest value (EC50) was selected as a key value.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates results obtained from the supporting read-across substance (sodium fluoride) has been provided.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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