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EC number: 470-870-8 | CAS number: 690271-93-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 30/06/2003-14/08/2003
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study has been performed according to OECD and EC guidelines and according to GLP principles. The restriction is due to the use of the read across approach: the test was performed not with Terracess TF but with Terracess L, a substance which is very similar in structure and physical/chemical properties.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (1984)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: During the final test duplicate samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control at the start and the end of the test period. Additionally, duplicate samples were taken after 24 hours from the 5 µm filtered solution prepared at 100 mg/l and the control. The volume taken was 20 ml and it was sampled from the approximate centre of the vessels
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored in a deep-freeze until shipment to Solvias AG, Basel, Switzerland - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- As a consequence of the poor solubility, supersaturated solutions were prepared at nominally 100 mg/l and magnetically stirred for three days to achieve maximum solubility. The resulting dispersions were filtered through a paper filter (Schleicher and Schuell 604) to remove the larger undissolved test substance particles (ca. > 5µm). The filtrate was used to prepare the lower test concentrations. The control received the same treatment. All final solutions were clear and colourless.
In the combined range-finding test dilutions containing 0.1, 1.0 and 10% of the filtrate were tested - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Selenastrum capricornutum
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Pre-culture and test medium: M2. Stock culture medium: M1. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 22.6°C at the start of the test. During the exposure period the temperature measured in the incubator was maintained between 22.1 and 22.6°C
- pH:
- 8.0-9.5
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Controls: Test medium without test substance or other additives (blank).
A 5 µm filtered solution prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l and dilutions containing 10, 18, 32 and 56% of the filtrate.
Analysis of the samples taken from the 5 µm filtrate prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l showed that measured concentrations based on Lithium at the start of the test were below the detection limit of the analytical method, i.e. below 0.1 mg/l. Those measured for Titanium equalled 0.1 mg/l in the presence of algae and were below the limit of detection in the absence of algae. The Potassium concentration could be measured and remained stable at approximately 4.5 mg/l during the 72-hour test period. Extrapolating the Potassium concentration to the concentration of the test substance TERRACESS L resulted in a concentration of 20 mg/l (using the formula: K concentration analysed / 0.76*M K )* M TERRACESS L). Extrapolating the measured Titanium concentration (0.1 mg/l) to a concentration TERRACESS L resulted in a concentration of 0.4 mg/l. Hence, actual measured TERRACESS L concentrations cannot be determined and are expected to be even lower than indicated above based on the insoluble character of this inert substance - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 ml, all-glass
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10^4 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 replicates of each test concentration.
6 replicates of the blank-control.
2 replicates of the highest concentration without algae for sampling purposes.
2 extra replicates of the control and highest concentration for sampling after 24 hours
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
-M2; according to the ISO-Standard "Algal growth inhibition test" Nov. 1989; formulated using Milli-Q water preventing precipitation and with the following composition:
NH4Cl 15 mg/l
MgCl2.6H2O 12 mg/l
CaCl2.2H2O 18 mg/l
MgSO4.7H2O 15 mg/l
KH2PO4 1.6 mg/l
FeCl3.6H2O 80 µg/l
Na2EDTA.2H2O100 µg/l
H3BO3 185 µg/l
MnCl2.4H2O 415 µg/l
ZnCl2 3 µg/l
CoCl2.6H2O 1.5 µg/l
CuCl2.2H2O 0.01 µg/l
Na2MoO4.2H2O 7 µg/l
NaHCO3 50 mg/l
Hardness (Ca+Mg) 0.24 mmol/l (24 mg CaCO3/l)
pH 8.3 ± 0.2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: Continuously using TLD-lamps of the type ‘Cool-white’ of 30 Watt, with a light intensity within the range of 70 to 95 uE.m-2.s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter]: At the beginning of the test, cells were counted by microscope, using a counting chamber. Thereafter cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 720 nm using a Varian Cary 50 single beam spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength =20 mm). Algal medium was used as blank.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: Algae were exposed to a blank-control and a 5 µm filtered solution prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l in the limit test. In the combined range-finding test dilutions containing 0.1, 1.0 and 10% of the filtrate were tested
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no significant algal growth inhibition was observed at 10% of the filtrate and lower. The mean growth rate reduction and cell growth inhibition at 100 % filtrate were 17% and 50%, respectively. Therefore, the results showed that the EC50 for cell growth inhibition was close to or just below a 5 µm filtered solution prepared at 100 mg/l. The EC50 for growth rate reduction was above the maximum soluble concentration present in the filtered solution - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 4.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- potassium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (> WSL)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Terracess L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (>WSL)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 6.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Terracess L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (> WSL)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 3.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Terracess L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: (> WSL)
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
The EC50 for cell growth inhibition (EBC50: 0-72h) was 0.59 mg/l with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 0.38 to 0.92 mg/l. The ISO-Standard gives a range for the EC50 for cell growth inhibition from 0.20 to 0.75 mg/l based on 16 inter-laboratory tests. Hence, the EBC50: 0-72h for the present batch was within this range.
The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ERC50: 0-72h) was 0.89 mg/l with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 0.56 to 1.4 mg/l. The ISO-Standard gives a range for the EC50 for cell growth inhibition from 0.60 to 1.03 mg/l based on 16 inter-laboratory tests. Hence, the ERC50: 0-72h for the present batch was within this range - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 18 October 2000-31 May 2001
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study has been performed according to the appropriate ISO and OECD and EC guidelines and according to GLP principles. The restriction is due to the use of the read across approach: the test was performed not with Terracess TF but with Terracess P, a substance which is very similar in structure and physical/chemical properties.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Version / remarks:
- (1989)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- (1992)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (1984)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations:
- Sampling method: samples (10 mL) were taken from each concentration before introduction of algae at the start of the exposure. After 24 h and at the end of the exposure (t=72 h), the replicates incubated with and without algae were pooled at each concentration. Subsequently, samples were taken from all pooled solutions.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: all samples were stored in a deep freeze until shipment to Solvias AG, Basel, Switzerland. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Supersaturated solutions were prepared at nominally 100 mg/L
and magnetically stirred for 4 days to achieve maximum solubility. The resulting
solutions were filtered through a paper filter to remove the
larger undissolved test substance particles (ca. > 5µm).
The filtrates were used to prepare the lower
test concentrations (10, 18, 32 and 56% of the filtrate). The undiluted filtrate and the
concentration containing 56% of the filtrate were slightly
turbid (hazy). All lower test concentrations were clear and
colourless. After preparation, volumes of 50 ml were added to
each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, adequate volumes of an algal suspension were added to each replicate providing a cell density of 10E4 cells/mL.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: CCAP 278/4.
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): not indicated
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light (4000-9000 lux) in a climate room at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): test medium and pre-culture medium is M2 according to the ISO standard "Algal growth inhibition test" . - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation method.
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20.9 - 24.0 °C.
- pH:
- 8.1 - 10.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The determination of the TERRACESS P concentrations in the water phase was based on measurement of TITANIUM (Ti) concentrations. The titanium was present in samples at approximately 28%. Detailed specification of the analytical procedures was put down in a Study Part (L01-000672).
The concentrations represented as percentage (%) are the nominal ones prepared by the dilution of the 5 µm filtrate prepared at nominal 100 mg/l. The concentrations measured as µg/L represent the measured Ti concentrations in water.
Sampling time: t=0
32%: 574 µg/L
56%: 937 µg/L
100% : 321 µg/L
100% (without algae): 2331 µg/L
Sampling time: t=72h
32%: 88 µg/L
56%: 268 µg/L
100% : 298 µg/L
100% (without algae): 117 µg/L
As expected, analysis of the samples showed that concentrations decreased (significantly) during the test period as a consequence of the extremely poor solubility in water. The variation in measurements at the start of the test in the 100 mg/L solution with and without algae was probably a consequence of the inhomogeneity of the samples, i.e. undissolved test material, which was related to the in fact only indicative for the concentrations present in the test solutions. All analysed concentrations at the end of the test period (72 h) showed measured concentrations that were still above the maximum calculated solubility level for the test substance. Hence, the conclusion can be made that these concentrations (32% to 100% of the filtrate) were inhomogeneous dispersions with undissolved test substance particles present in various amounts. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL, all-glass, containing 50 mL of test solution
- Initial cells density: 1 x 104 cells/mL.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 replicates of each test concentration, 6 replicates of the blank control, 1 replicate of each concentration without algae, 1 extra replicate of each test concentration for sampling purposes, 2 extra replicates of the highest concentration without algae.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: Cool-white TLD-lamps of 30 Watt, with a light intensity within the range of 99 to 132 µE.m-2.s-1.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (at t=0, 24 h, 48 h and 72h) :
- Determination of cell densities: microscope/counting chamber (t=0) and spectrophotometer (t> 0)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: approx. 1.8
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: Algae were exposed to a 5 µm filtrate prepared at nominal 100 mg/l and to dilutions containing 0.1, 1.0 and 10% of the filtrate.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no significant inhibition of algal growth was observed at concentrations corresponding with 10% of the filtrate and lower. The undiluted filtrate inhibited algal growth by just over 50% (54.7%). Hence, the EC50 for algal cell growth inhibition was expected to be just below a 5 µm filtered solution prepared at 100 mg/L, i.e. just below the expected maximum solubility in the test medium. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 2.185 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: Terraces P
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 602 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Titanium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: Terraces P
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 331 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Titanium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- TERRACESS P inhibited growth and reduced growth rate of the fresh water algae species significantly at concentrations corresponding with 56% and higher of a 5 µm filtered solution prepared at a nominal loading of 100 mg/l. This corresponded with a measured concentration decreasing from 3.4 mg/L at the start to 0.97 mg/L Terraces P at the end of the test period, i.e. concentrations above the maximum solubility limit in water (< 36 µg/L Terraces P).
The NOEC for cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction corresponded with 32% of a 5 µm filtered solution prepared at a nominal loading of 100 mg/l. This corresponded with a measured concentration decreasing from 2.1 mg/L at the start to 0.32 mg/l Terraces P at the end of the test period.
The concentration measured at the end of the test period was above the calculated solubility limit in water (< 36 µg/L Terraces P).
In conclusion: effects from TERRACESS P on growth of the fresh water algae species Selenastrum capricornutum only occurred at concentrations above the water solubility limit.
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no abnormalities observed
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 for cell growth inhibition (EBC50:0-72h) was 0.59 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 0.32 to 1.1 mg/L.
The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ERC50:0-72h) was 1.1 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 0.71 to 1.7 mg/L. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The ISO-Standard gives a range for the EC50 for cell growth inhibition between 0.20 to 0.75 mg/L based on 16 inter-laboratory tests. Hence, the EBC50:0-72h for the present batch corresponds with this range.
The ISO-Standard gives a range for the EC50 for cell growth inhibition between 0.60 to 1.03 mg/L based on 16 inter-laboratory tests. Hence, the ERC50:0-72h for the present batch was slightly higher than the upper limit of the ISO standard range. However, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was still within the ISO standard range. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH (ENDPOINT LEVEL)
Please see attached justification.
2. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION (ENDPOINT LEVEL
Please see attached justification. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results are based on the read across substance Terracess L.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 6.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results are based on the read across substance Terracess L.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 3.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results are based on the read across substance Terracess L.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 2.185 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on read across substance Terracess P.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on read across substance Terracess P.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The ErC50 for algae exceeds the maximum solubility of the substance in water in studies on two similar substances. Therefore the weight of evidence shows that Terracess TF will not be toxic to algae.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Under the conditions of the present study with Selenastrum capricornutum exposed to TERRACESS L, the ErC50 was calculated to be above the water solubility.
Effects from Terracess P on growth of the fresh water algae species Selenastrum capricornutum only occurred at concentrations above the water solubility limit which calculated to be 36 µg/L Terraces P.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.