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EC number: 231-820-9 | CAS number: 7757-82-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxic effects on livestock and pets
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of concentration and source of sulfate on nursery pig performance and health.
- Author:
- Veenhuizen, M.F., Shurson, G.C., Kohler, E.M.
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- JAVMA. 201(8):1203-1208.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effect of sulfate in drinking water on nursery pig performance and health was examined over 28 days with 415 weaned pigs.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium sulphate
- EC Number:
- 231-820-9
- EC Name:
- Sodium sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7757-82-6
- Molecular formula:
- Na2SO4
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium sulfate
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: pig
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- - Age: 28 ± 2 days
- Weight at study initiation: 6.8 kg mean weight
- Number of animals: 415 (male/female, males were castrated)
Administration / exposure
- Route of exposure:
- other: oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- other: farm well water
- Details on exposure:
- - Duration of test/exposure: 4 weeks
- Type of exposure: drinking water
- Post exposure period: not described
- Feeding: pelleted 22% crude protein corn-soybean meal containing 20% dried whey. At the start of the third week the crude protein content was 18%. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 28 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily, continuous in drinking water
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
54, 600 and 1800 mg/l
Basis:
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- No data
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- - Clinical signs: Diarrhea, pathogenic E.coli and rota virus detection, enteropathogenicity in ligated intestinal loops, transmissable gastroentritus.
- Mortality: yes
- Body weight: yes, feed to gain ratio
- Food consumption: yes
- Water consumption: yes
- Ophthalmoscopic examination: no
- Haematology: yes
- Biochemistry: no
- Urinalysis: no - Sacrifice and pathology:
- - Macroscopic: no
- Microscopic: no - Other examinations:
- -
- Statistics:
- 7 replicates of 8 pigs/pen on water and 6 replicates of 8 pigs/pen for treatment with sulfate. Statistical evaluation compared mean water
consumption, feed consumption, cumulative gain and feed-gain ratios by treatment group and week. Analysis of variance with repeated measures
was used to account for the differences in treatment group over time. Initial weight was used as covariate in all analysis. Diarrhea scores were
evaluated on an individual basis, using a non-parametric repeated measures design.
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs and mortality:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Mortality: 1 pig (600 mg/l) died within the first week; Clinical signs: Increased prevalence of diarrhea was a trend as sulfate concentration increased.
- Body weight and weight gain:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Bodyweight gain: Observations in week 4 were for both 600 and 1800 mg/l statistically significantly different increased
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- no effects
- Clinical chemistry:
- yes
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Time of death: 1 pig died within the first week
- Number of deaths at each dose: 1 pig at 600 mg/l
TOXIC RESPONSE/EFFECTS BY DOSE LEVEL:
- Clinical signs: Increased prevalence of diarrhea was a trend as
sulfate concentration increased.
- Body weight gain: cumulative weight in kg of body-weight/kg (sd)
_________________________________________________________
Week Control 600
mg/l 1800
mg/l
__________________________________________________________
1 0.79
(0.61) 0.94 (0.78) 0.80
(0.63)
2 2.56
(1.14) 2.78 (1.90) 2.4
(1.05)
3 4.30
(1.70) 5.05 (2.67) 4.49
(1.94)
4 6.53
(2.31) 7.59 (3.37) 7.16
(2.75)
__________________________________________________________
Observations in week 4 were for both 600 and 1800 mg/l statistically
significantly different increased
- Food/water consumption: A non-significant trend in increase water
intake was observed with increasing sulfate concentration. No
differences in feed intake were observed between various sulfate
concentrations. Feed to gain ratios for all treatments were not
different.
- Clinical chemistry: isolates of E-coli were found in
14% of the pigs, from 1 pig rotavirus was isolated. No pigs were exposed
to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. None of the treatments had an
adverse effect on nursery pig performance.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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