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EC number: 266-928-5 | CAS number: 67701-03-5 This substance is identified by SDA Substance Name: C16-C18 alkyl carboxylic acid and SDA Reporting Number: 19-005-00.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 26 Sep - 28 Sep 1983
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: National guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 38412/15
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Preparation of a stock suspension, while the suspension was stirred, aliquots were taken and transferred into the test vessels with drinking water, test solution was then stirred for 15 min with ultra sound - Test organisms (species):
- Leuciscus idus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Golden orfe
- Length at study initiation: about 6 cm
- Feeding during test: none
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- about 16 °dH (about 93 mg Ca and 12 mg Mg/L)
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- n.a.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0.1, 0.5, 2.8, 16, 90, 90, 250 and 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: fish basin with 10 L test water
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per control: no control
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: copper- and chloride-free drinking water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality after 0, 6, 24 and 48 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
No mortality occured at any test concentration.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 02 Nov - 06 Nov 1981
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: National guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 7346-1 (Determination of the Acute Lethal Toxicity of Substances to a Freshwater Fish [Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)] - Part 2: Semi-static method)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: preparation of suspension with a not documented concentration of the product under use of ultrasound, aliquots were pipetted into test vessels and filled up with standard dilution water
- Controls: none - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Feeding during test: none
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- about 250 mg CaC03/L
- Test temperature:
- 23.5 °C
- pH:
- 7.2 - 8.1 instead of the recommended 7.6 - 8.0, this is not supposed to have any negative effect on the fish
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.4 - 8.6 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0.1, 0.5, 2.8, 16, 90, 250 and 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 10 L fish basin containing 5 L test water
- Renewal rate of test solution: daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: standard dilution water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality after 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
No mortality occured at any test concentration.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 12 Jan - 14 Jan 1987
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: National guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 38412/15
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Test substance was directly weighted into the test vessels and filled up to final volmues of 10 L with drinking water and stirred with ultraturrax for 5 minutes
- Controls: no - Test organisms (species):
- Leuciscus idus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Golden orfe
- Length at study initiation: about 6 cm
- Feeding during test: none
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 16 dH (~93 mg Ca and 12 mg Mg/L)
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- 7.6 - 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 76 - 94 %
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 1000, 3000, 10000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: fish basin containing 10 L test water
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration:1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: copper and chlorine free drinking water
- Ca/mg ratio: 93 mg Ca/ 12 mg Mg
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality after 0, 6, 24 and 48 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
No mortality was recorded at any test concentrations.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
No effects on fish up to the limit of water solubility
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Studies are available for the pure homologue members of the fatty acid category. In addition some studies are summarized for certain fatty acid mixtures. Generally it could be stated that toxicity of fatty acids to aquatic organisms increases with increasing chain length up to the water solubility limit at a chain length of C12. For longer chains, no effects at saturation are observed.
For the fatty acids, C16 -18 (CAS 67701 -03 -5), which contains as main constituents C16 with a content of 15 -80% and C18 with a content of 25 - 80%, read-across is performed to studies available for the pure homologues palmitic acid (C16 - CAS 57 -10 -3) and stearic acid (C18 - CAS 57 -11 -4). For evaluation of the mixture, only studies available for the pure homologues which were determined as key studies or used of a weight of evidence approach were chosen for a read-across. All linked studies conducted with the pure homologues were used in a weight of evidence approach to cover the endpoint "short-term toxicity to fish" for the considered fatty acid mixture.
Fatty acid homologue |
LC50(as reported in the study) |
Water solubility* |
Test design and species |
Reference |
C16 - CAS 57-10-3 palmitic acid |
> 1000 mg/L (nominal) |
< 0.05 at 20 °C |
96 h, semi-static,Danio rerio |
Richterich and Mühlberg, 2001a |
C18 - CAS 57-11-4 stearic acid |
> 10000 mg/L (nominal) |
insoluble |
48 h, static,Leuciscus idus |
Richterich and Mühlberg, 2001b |
C16 - C18 - |
> 1000 mg/L (nominal) |
< 0.05 at 20 °C |
48 h, static,Leuciscus idus |
Richterich and Mühlberg, 2001c |
* see category justification
The homologue C16 (palmitic acid: CAS 5 7 -10 -3) was tested on zebrafish (Danio rerio) according to ISO 7346 -1 in a semi-static test (Richterich and Mühlberg, 2001a). In the study nominal concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 2.8, 16, 90, 250 and 1000 mg/L were tested. No mortality was observed at any test concentration and thus up to the limit of water solubility which is below 0.05 mg/L. In the study the LC50 was reported to be above 1000 mg/L.
The homologue C18 (stearic acid: CAS 57 -11 -4) was tested on golden orfe (Leuciscus idus) (Richterich and Mühlberg, 2001b). In the static test, which was conducted according to DIN 38412/15, the fish were exposed to different concentrations of the test substance (1000, 3000, 10000 mg/L nominal). In the study no effects on fish were reported, resulting in a LC50 > 10000 mg/L.
The C16 -18 fatty acid mixture (CAS 67701 -03 -5) was tested on golden orfe (Leuciscus idus) over a period of 48 h (Richterich and Mühlberg, 2001c). The static test was conducted according to DIN 38412/15. In that test the LC50 was reported to be > 1000 mg/L, which is above the given water solubility of the mixture.
Concluding from the results reported for the pure homologues C16 and C18 no toxicity within the range of water solubility is expected for the considered fatty acid mixture.
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