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EC number: 292-605-3 | CAS number: 90640-84-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of coal tar and boiling in the range of approximately 240°C to 280°C (464°F to 536°F). Composed primarily of acenaphthene, naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Report date:
- 2007
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Application method:
- soil
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 8001-58-9
- Cas Number:
- 8001-58-9
- IUPAC Name:
- 8001-58-9
- Reference substance name:
- Creosote
- EC Number:
- 232-287-5
- EC Name:
- Creosote
- IUPAC Name:
- 232-287-5
- Reference substance name:
- creosote
- IUPAC Name:
- creosote
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Creosote Grade B
- Physical state: brown liquid
- Analytical purity: 100% creosote (Creosote Grade B according to EU standard EN 13991, August 2003)
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): not applicable
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: complex mixture of numerous aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolics,
nitrogen-containing heterocycles and others
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2047-03-09
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature, protected from moisture and light
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
--
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- --
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil: a stock solution of test substance in acetone (5,575 g in 25 mL) was prepared. 1 mL of this stock solution was applied onto the surface of 10 g quartz. After evaporation of the solvent, the quartz sand was mixed with 557.5 g soil (dw) to get a concentration of 400 mg/kg dw. For the other test concentrations, 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mL stock solution were diluted to 10 mL with aceton. 1 mL ot each of this dilutions was applied onto 10 g quartz sand and after evaporation mixed with 557.5 g soil (dw) to result the respective test concentrations.
- Controls: artificial soil containing 10 g quartz sand treated with 1 mL acetone moistened with deionized water without test substance.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 1 mL of test item solution in acetone was added to 10 g quartz sand. After evaporation of the vehicle, the quartz sand coverd with test substance was mixed with artificial soil (557.5 g)
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: yes
- Volume of test solution applied: 1 mL
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: springtail
- Source: own breeding in testing facility
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 10 - 11 days
- Kept according to standard practices: yes
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 19 - 22°C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- Day 0: 6.04 - 5.97; day 28: 5.93 - 5.89
- Humidity:
- Soil moisture: day 0: 33.5 - 33.9%; day 15: 32.7 - 33.3%; day 28: 32.2 - 33.0%
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 16/8 h light/dark; 427 - 667 lux
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): glass beakers, volume 100 mL, covered with PARAFILM
- Amount of soil or substrate: 30 g test medium (artifical soil including quartz sand) wet weight
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 5
- No. of replicates per control: 8
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Soil classification system: artificial soil
- Composition (if artificial substrate): 10% peat, air dried and finely ground (2 mm)
20% kaoline clay, kaolinite content > 30%
approx. 69% air dried quartz sand (sand with > 50% particles size of 0.05 to 0.20 mm)
approx. 0.5% CaCO3
pH was determined to be 5.69
- Organic carbon (%): no data (10 % peat)
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): 68.6%
- Pretreatment of soil: Three days before starting the test, the artificial soil was pre-moistened by adding enough deionised water
to get 25% of the maximal water holding capacity of the artificial soil.
- Storage (condition, duration): in firmly closed containers
- Stability and homogeneity of test material in the medium: no data
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h, light/dark
- Light intensity: 427 - 667 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): number of surviving adults, number of instars (at day 28)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:2
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg dw
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: mortality increased from 13 to 100 % for the 100 and 1000 mg/kg dw group respectively. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dw
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- E 605 Forte, Bayer AG (active ingredient: Parathion 520 g/L) (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg dw)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: original LC10 normalised to standard soil with 3.4 % organic matter
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: value estimated from test data obtained in soil with 10 % organic matter
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 15.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: original LC50 normalised to standard soil with 3.4 % of organic matter
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 46.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 21.2 - 103 mg/kg soil dw
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 111 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 74.6 - 165 mg/kg soil dw
- Details on results:
- - Mortality at end of exposure period: is the more sensitive parameter (see table below)
- No. of offspring produced: see table below
- Morphological abnormalities: Compared to the control, the juveniles at all test item concentrations were on the average visibly smaller
(not quantitatively evaluated). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: mortality: LOEC 0.05 mg/kg soil dw
reproduction: LOEC 0.40 mg/kg soil dw; NOEC 0.20 mg/kg soil dw
Any other information on results incl. tables
Adult Mortality [%] after 28 Days of Exposure and Statistics
Test item [mg/kg dw] |
Replicate |
Mortality |
||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
Mean±SD |
Corrected |
|
25 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
60 |
60 |
- |
- |
- |
54.0 ± 5.48 |
43.4* |
50 |
40 |
20 |
70 |
50 |
60 |
- |
- |
- |
48.0 ± 19.2 |
36.0* |
100 |
50 |
70 |
10 |
70 |
80 |
- |
- |
- |
56.0 ± 27.9 |
45.8* |
200 |
90 |
90 |
100 |
80 |
90 |
- |
- |
- |
90.0 ± 7.07 |
87.7* |
400 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
100 ± 0.0 |
100** |
Control |
20 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
20 |
30 |
20 |
30 |
18.8 ± 9.91 |
- |
SD = Standard deviation
*) = Statistically significant different compared to the control (t-test, p = 0.05)
**) = Statistically significant different compared to the control (Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, p = 0.05)
- = No observation
Reproduction of the Springtails after 28 Days of Exposure
Test item [mg/kg dw] |
Number of juveniles/Replicate |
Reproduction rate |
||||||||||
Mean+SD |
CV [%] |
Inhibition relative to control |
||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
|||||
25 |
562 |
267 |
236 |
494 |
407 |
- |
- |
- |
393 ± 141 |
35.9 |
18.8 |
|
50 |
10 |
595 |
255 |
700 |
314 |
- |
- |
- |
375 ± 276 |
73.7 |
22.6 |
|
100 |
194 |
333 |
302 |
286 |
266 |
- |
- |
- |
276 ± 52 |
18.9 |
43.0* |
|
200 |
0 |
216 |
60 |
94 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
74.0 ± 89.0 |
120 |
84.7* |
|
400 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
0.0 ± 0.0 |
- |
100* |
|
Control |
397 |
592 |
480 |
420 |
669 |
382 |
628 |
306 |
484 ± 131 |
27.1 |
- |
SD = Standard deviation
CV = Coefficient of variation
*) = Statistically significant different compared to the control (t-test, p = 0.05)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- criteria according to TG ISO 11267
- Conclusions:
- In a valid 28 d mortality and reproduction test according to test guideline ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants), using Folsomia candida (soil-dwelling springtail) as test organism, a NOEC < 25 mg/kg soil dw for mortality (LOEC = 25 mg/kg soil dw) and a NOEC of 50 mg/kg soil dw for reproduction (LOEC = 100 mg/kg soil dw) was determined. LC50 and EC50 were 46.8 and 111 mg/kg soil dw respectively. Reproduction seems to be the less sensitive parameter to creosote exposure compared to mortality.
In a range finding pre-test with a shorter exposure period of 14 days, mortality was only 13% at a test concentration of 100 mg/kg soil dw rising to 100% at a test concentration of 1000 mg/kg soil dw. This indicates that survival was markedly dependent on exposure time.
Test substance concentrations were not monitored during the test. Due to the long exposure time (28 d), test substance concentrations in soil may have declined during the experiment. Thus, nominal concentrations may result in higher effect levels than actually present and underestimate the toxic potential of creosote.
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