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EC number: 201-861-7 | CAS number: 88-85-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
All of the available studies were assigned a reliability rating of 2, according to the criteria of Klimisch, 1997 as the studies well conducted and documented. The two Bentley studies followed guidelines for pesticide testing and were field studies conducted with a commercial formulation of dinoseb. The other studies had no information on guidelines or GLP.
The Bentley, 1986 study in peanuts was selected as the key study as it is a robust study adequately addressing the endpoint of concern.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The Bentley,1986 study was selected as the key study. In the study, peanuts were treated with 12 lbs active ingredient of a 51.0% formulation of dinoseb 2 -sec butyl 4,6, dinitrophenol (Dynamyte 3). Dinoseb was applied to the crop and bare-ground plots with a CO2 back-pack sprayer.
Results:
Half-life (DT50): 237 d (Peanut cropped soil) & 162 d (Bare-ground soil)
Evaporation of parent compound: not measured
Volatile metabolites: not measured
Residues: not measured
Metabolites: Not measured
Four supporting studies were provided for this endpoint:
- In the Bentley, 1986 study, potatoes were treated with 2.5 lbs active ingredient of a 54.4% formulation of dinoseb 4,6-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol (Dynamyte 5). Dinoseb was applied to the crop and bare-ground plots with a CO2 back-pack sprayer.
Results:
Half-life (DT50): 172 d (Potato cropped soil) & 340 d (Bare-ground soil)
Evaporation of parent compound: not measured
Volatile metabolites: not measured
Residues: not measured
Metabolites: Not measured
- In the Stevens et al report, the ability of native microorganisms in various Idaho soils to degrade dinoseb was studied, in addition to some physical and chemical soil characteristics which might affect the biodegradation process.
Results: Dinoseb biodegradation rates were higher in silt-loam soils than in loamy-sand soils. Biodegradation rates were not influenced by previous exposure of the soils to dinoseb. It was shown that biodegradation of dinoseb can occur in soil and is not dependent on long term acclimation to the substance.
- In the Kaake et al report, the degradation pathway for dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) under reducing conditions was investigated. Cultures were inoculated with a dinoseb-degrading anaerobic enrichment culture used in field studies. Biotransformation intermediates were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Dinoseb degradation involves reduction of the nitro groups to amino groups followed by replacement with hydroxyl groups. Depending on the pH and redox potential in the culture, these intermediates may exist as quinones or hydroquinones.
- In the Hammill & Crawford report, a strain of Clostridium bifermentans, KMR-1, degraded 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) to a level below the limit of detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (0.5 mg/liter) within 96 h, with no accumulation of aromatic intermediates. KMR-1 could not utilize dinoseb as a sole carbon or energy source, and degradation occurred via co-metabolism in the presence of a fermentable carbon source. KMR-1 mineralized some dinoseb in anaerobic cultures, evolving 7.2% of the radioactive label in U-ring 14C-labeled dinoseb as 14CO2. The remaining anaerobic degradation products were incubated with aerobic soil bacteria, and 35.4% of this residual radioactive label was evolved as 14CO2. During this mineralization experiment, 38.9% of the initial label was evolved as 14CO2 after both anaerobic and aerobic phases. This is the first demonstration of dinoseb degradation by a pure microbial culture.
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