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EC number: 915-206-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 980
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: No data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Molten (50°C) RM-17 was applied to rabbit skin and removed 15 minutes later by scraping with a spatula, or by vigorously swabbing with organic solvents, hot water or hot water plus surfactant. The efficiency of removal was estimated either by visual examination or by analysis of the skin.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Reaction mass of 9-icosyl-9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and 9-icosyl-9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane
- EC Number:
- 915-206-4
- Molecular formula:
- C28H55P
- IUPAC Name:
- Reaction mass of 9-icosyl-9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and 9-icosyl-9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane
- Test material form:
- other: Solid at room temperature, but liquified by heat
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): RM-17
- Physical state: Solid at room temperature, but is liquified by heat
- Other: RM-17 was from batches received from SCUK Stanlow on 5th May 1978, and the 13th February 1979. Samples were withdrawn from a sealed container, melted at 50°C in a water bath, drawn into disposable syringes and allowed to cool to room temperature. Before use the syringes were re-heated to 50°C in a water bath and the material was applied molten at this temperature.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Groups of male and female New Zealand white rabbits from the Shell Toxicology Laboratory (Tunstall) Breeding Unit were used. They ranged from 6 to 12 months in age and 3 to 5 kg in weight.
The animals were singly housed in stainless steel cages with sawdust filled trays for excreta. Food was provided by means of a top loading food hopper and water by means of an automatic drinking line and valves. The rabbit food (SG1 with Vitamin C supplement) was replenished daily, and the water (filtered but untreated water from the public supply) was automatically replenished.
Animal preparation:
The dorsal hair was removed from the shoulders to the hind quarters using fine electric clippers the day before experimentation. The skin was carefully examined and any animals showing damage to the stratum corneum was discarded. A 5 cm x 5 cm area of dorsal/flank skin was marked out using a template to ensure that each area was similar in size and position.
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- other: The test material was molten
- Duration of exposure:
- The molten (50°C) RM-17 was gently applied to the standard area of skin over a period of 3 - 4 minutes.
- Doses:
- Care was taken to ensure that as much RM-17 as possible was retained on the marked area as it solidifed, but there was an inevitable overspill down the flanks and into the fur. Consequently, the standard dose of 4 ml/kg applied in some of the experiments was reduced to a more practical dose of 10 ml/rabbit, thus ensuring that the dose was only just in excess of that needed to cover completely the application site.
It was difficult to estimate the amount applied to the standard area of skin in view of the varying amounts of overspill, but observation would indicate that with a 20% overspill the dose was approximately 300 mg/sq cm of skin, or approximately 800 mg/g of skin. - No. of animals per group:
- Decontamination studies:
RM-17 was applied to the skin of groups of 1 male and 1 female conscious rabbits.
Skin penetration studies:
No data.
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- yes
- Dermal irritation:
- yes
Any other information on results incl. tables
RM-17 was applied to the skin of groups of 1 male and 1 female conscious rabbits and the skin decontamination 1 h later using a variety of techniques. The results of the visual assessment of the efficiency of the decontamination procedures are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 – Visual assessment of skin decontamination
Decontamination technique |
Temp (°C) |
Comments |
|
||
Scraping with spatula |
20 |
Ineffective despite vigorous scraping |
Water |
20 |
Ineffective |
50 |
Some decontamination |
|
60 |
Effective, but some pain |
|
70 |
||
Corn oil |
20 |
Some decontamination |
50 |
||
60 |
Fairly effective |
|
PEG 400/IMS (2:1 v/v) |
20 |
Ineffective, immediate erythema |
65 |
Some decontamination, immediate erythema |
|
Liquid soap (undiluted) |
20 |
Ineffective, some erythema |
60 |
Fairly effective, some erythema |
|
TEEPOL (10% in water) |
20 |
Ineffective, immediate erythema |
60 |
Fairly effective, immediate erythema |
|
Toluene |
20 |
Effective, but stressful |
n-butanol |
20 |
Fairly effective, but caused severe erythema leading to necrosis |
On the basis of these results hot water, TEEPOL and liquid soap were selected for further study as they met the criteria for effective decontaminating agents of being readily available and innocuous, and appear to remove RM-17 from the surface of the skin. Corn oil was not studied further, despite being effective, since a source of coin oil at 60° would not be readily available in an industrial environment.
Although visual assessment was a good indicator of the removal of RM-17 from the skin, the possibility of the material remaining in the stratum corneum or in the hair follicles was checked using chemical analysis of the skin. Groups of anaesthetised rabbits were dosed with RM-17 and the skin decontaminated 15 min later using water, TEEPOL or liquid soap. The animals were killed 6 h after application and the skin from the site of application analysed for total RM-17 and its oxide (Table 2). Because of the prolonged anaesthesia needed, only one animal was dosed and decontaminated on each experimental day.
Although there are differences between the values for the skin analyses - which could reflect either the vigor of the decontamination process of the delays between sampling and analysis - the results show clearly that all three methods are effective.
Although the decontamination procedures employed in the preceding experiment were effective in removing RM-17 from the skin, there remained the possibility of enhanced penetration through the skin as a result of the decontamination procedure. Some preliminary experiments were therefore undertaken to evaluate this risk by comparing the blood and fat levels of RM-17 following skin application with and without decontamination.
RM-17 was applied to the skin of anaethetised rabbits and left in place for 6 h. Blood samples were taken from the carotid artery after 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h. After 6 h the rabbits were killed and samples of the fat taken for analysis. A further group of anaethetised rabbits was dosed with RM-17, but after dosing they were allowed to regain consciousness. Samples of venous blood were taken after 24, 48 and 72 h, and fat samples after death at 72 h. The analysis results, presented in Table 3, show no detectable levels of RM-17 in the blood up to 6 h after application. Residues above the limit of detection (0.10 µg/g) were found in the blood of some rabbits 24 h after dosing, increasing up to 72 h after dosing.
The effects of solvent decontamination on penetration were then assessed by comparing the results of the non-decontaminated skin experiment with the results from similar experiments, but with decontamination after 15 min. The results of the decontamination experiment are presented in Table 4.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Hot water, hot soap solution and hot TEEPOL solution removed RM-17 from the skin and did not appear to enhance skin penetration.
Hot water and soap is recommended as an effective decontamination procedure.
Preliminary experiments indicate that RM-17 only slowly penetrated intat rabbit skin.
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