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EC number: 269-047-4 | CAS number: 68186-85-6 This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 77377.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Hazard for predators
Additional information
Data for C.I. Pigment Green 50 are not available. The pigment belongs to a family of spinel and rutile pigments. Therefore, a read across from C.I. Pigment Yellow 53 to the rutile C.I. Pigment Green 50 was conducted regarding the possible impact of C.I. Pigment Green 50 on aquatic organisms. Based on short-term tests from three trophic levels, C.I. Pigment Yellow 53 is assumed to be acutely not harmful to aquatic organisms. C.I. Pigment Yellow 53 has no toxic effects on aquatic organisms in the range of its water solubility. Furthermore a chronic test on Daphnia magna detected no effect of the substance on reproduction. Therefore, C.I. Pigment Green 50 has not to be classified under the GHS.
However, some substances contain nickel and/or the impurity nickel titanate, which is obviously more toxic compared to the pigment itself. Furthermore,C.I. Pigment Green 50 contains cobalt and zinc. As for nickel, these metal cations could be transformed/diluted from the pigment as well. However, the transformation/dissolution concentrations of nickel were higher compared to cobalt (see transformation/dissolution protocol, section 1.4, attached) and the ERVs for zinc are much higher compared to the data for nickel and thus the endpoints derived for the nickel species were considered as relevant for the pigment. Thus, the classification of the pigment is based on nickel transformation/dissolution from the pigment only, whereas the risk assessment was conducted for Ni, Co and Zn separately. The data basis for the derivation of the PNEC is summarised below:
PNECs for Ni:
The approach for deriving PNEC values for Nickel titanate was used in the 2008/2009 European Union Existing Substances Risk Assessment of Nickel (EU RAR) (EEC 793/93). The EU RAR was jointly prepared by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA), which served as the Rapporteur of the Existing Substances Risk Assessment of Nickel, and the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), which represented the Nickel Industry in this process. The complete Environment section of the EU RAR can be found in the pdf linked to the following URL:
http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/cefda8bc-2952-4c11-885f-342aacf769b3
All of the approaches described were discussed by the Technical Committee for New and Existing Substances (TC NES), and received final approval at the TC NES I meeting in April, 2008.
PNECs for Co:
The PNECfreshwater of 0.51 µg/L for Cobalt was taken from the Echa disseminated dossier (March 2016) of Cobalt Oxide CAS 1307 -96 -6. The PNECs for the other environmental compartments were not presented here since they were not taken into account in the risk assessment conducted (see chapter 9 and 10 for details).
PNECs for Zn:
The PNECfreshwater of 20.6 µg/L for Zinc was taken from the Echa disseminated dossier (March 2016) of Zinc Oxide CAS 1314 -13 -2. The PNECs for the other environmental compartments were not presented here since they were not taken into account in the risk assessment conducted (see chapter 9 and 10 for details)
Common effects assessment basis:
The ecotoxicity databases on the effects of soluble nickel, cobalt an zinc compounds to aquatic, soil- and sediment-dwelling organisms are extensive. It should be noted that the effect assessments ofNickel, Cobalt and Zincis based on the assumption that adverse effects to aquatic, soil- and sediment-dwelling organisms are a consequence of exposure to the bioavailable metal-ions, as opposed to the parent substances. The result of this assumption is that the ecotoxicology will be similar for all soluble Ni, Co and Zn substances used in the ecotoxicity experiments. Therefore, data from soluble nickel, Cobalt and Zinc substances are used in the derivation of ecotoxicological endpoints.
Conclusion on classification
Based on the read across from C.I. Pigment Yellow 53 to the rutile C.I. Pigment Green 50 (without impurity nickel titanate), the substance itself is with a high probability not acutely harmful to aquatic organisms and has thus not to be classified under the GHS.
However, the some substances contain nickel and/or the impurity nickel titanate, which is obviously more toxic compared to the pigment itself. Thus, classification derived for the nickel species is relevant for the pigment:
The transformation and dissolution of Ni from C.I. Pigment Green 50 including the impurity Nickel titanate was evaluated according to the T/D Protocol (OECD 29) (transformation/dissolution protocol, see section 1.4 attached). The results of the study indicate that the concentration of total dissolved Ni at pH 6 (40 µg Ni/L) and at pH 8.5 (17 µg Ni/L) at 100 mg/L loading for a seven-day test was less than the acute Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERVs) for Ni (120 µg Ni/L at pH 6 and 68 µg Ni/L at pH 8 for the acute 7 day test).
Thus, the compound has not to be acutely classified under GHS.
The chronic ERV for Ni was estimated to be 2.4 µg/L according to OECD 29.The dissolved Ni concentrations were 4 µg Ni/L and < 1 µg Ni/L at pH 5.5 and pH 8.5 for the 28 day test, respectively and for a loading rate of 1 mg/L. Thus, the dissolved Ni concentration exceeds the chronic ERV at acidic conditions, whereas at alkaline conditions the dissolved Ni were well below the ERV.
Thus, the compound has to be classfied as chronic 3 according to GHS.
The acute and chronic Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERVs) were taken from a document of the Nickel Consortia, 2010: Environmental Read-across approach. Please see attachment.
The possible transformation/dilution of cobalt and zinc from the pigment was not considered for classification purposes due to following: The transformation/dissolution concentrations of nickel were higher compared to cobalt (see transformation/dissolution protocol, section 1.4, attached) and the ERVs for zinc are much higher compared to the data for nickel and thus the endpoints derived for the nickel species were considered as relevant for the pigment.
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