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EC number: 217-978-1 | CAS number: 2028-63-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The test substance was determined irritating to the skin of rabbits.
The test substance was determined to be corrosive to the eye of rabbits.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- April 1967
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- exposure for 1, 5, 15 min, 20 h, 24 h; shorter observaton period
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Before OECD Guideline 404 was established in 1982, skin irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- No further details were provided
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- The test substance was applied in a 55 % solution in water. 0.2 mL/kg bw were used.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 animals were treated on different skin areas for 1, 5 and 15 min;
2 animals were treated for 20 h. - Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 4
- Details on study design:
- After the 1, 5 and 15 min or 20 h application the test substance was washed off. First it was washed with Lutol 9 (100 %) and afterwards with Lutrol 9 in water (50 %). Animals were fixated by binding of the animal to an exposure board during application.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 3.5 h
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: animal died
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 3.5 h
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- other: animal died
- Other effects:
- Treatment for 20 h led to the death of the animals during exposure. Animals died 3.5 to 20 h after application.
Pathology revealed an increased fluid accumulation in the thoracic region, starting lungedema and diarrhea. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
Reference
24h | 48 h | d7 | |||||
exposure | animal #1 | erythema | edema | erythema | edema | erythema | edema |
1 ´ | #1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
#2 | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
5´ | #1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
#2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
15´ | #1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
#2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
20 h | #1 | exitus over night | |||||
#2 | exitus over night |
OECD / Draize Score (max: 4)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- April 1967
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 50 µl test substance, no wash-out, shorter observation period
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Before OECD Guideline 405 was established, eye irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- No further details provided
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- other: 0.9 % NaCl solution in other eye of the same animal
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.05 mL of 55 % test substance was applied.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The test substance was applied once and not removed from the eye by washing.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 8 days
- Other effects:
- Pathology showed a slight hydrothorax, starting lungedema and diarrhea.
After 8 days in both animals scar formation on the treated eye was observed.
The report usually describes findings after 1 and 24 hours, and at the end of the observation period. Thus, for a final evaluation, the findings after 48 and 72 hours from the raw data have to be taken into account. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation/corrosion
Key study
The test substance was applied to the shaved back skin of rabbits (XVII/112, 1967). The animals were exposed for 1, 5 and 15 min, 20 and 24 h. The animals treated not for longer than 15 min survived and were observed for 8 days. The observed effects were reversible. For 1 and 5 min treatment the erythema score for animal 1 was 1 after 24 h for 1 and 5 min treatment and 2 after 24 h for 15 min treatment (max. score 4). For animal 2 the erythema score after 24 h was 0 for all exposure durations. During longer treatment animals died. The death occurred after 3.5 to 20 h after application.
Supporting study
Rabbits were treated with pure and 40 % test substance on the skin (VII/97-98, 1958). After treatment for 5 and 15 min skin reactions, including inflammatory signs and scaling, were observed. Thereby a more severe reaction after treatment with the 40 % solution was revealed in comparison to the pure substance. After 15 min exposure to the pure substance animal 1 had an erythema and edema score of 3 each, while animal 2 had an erythema score of 2 and an edema score of 0. Exposure to 40 % test substance for 15 min resulted in an erythema and edema score for both animals of 3 each. The erythema score for 5 min exposure to 40 % test substance was 3 for animal 1 and 2 for animal 2, while the edema score was 3 for both animals. All observed effects were reversible within 14 days. After 1 and 5 min exposure to the pure substance no erythema and edema where observed in both animals. Application of 40 % substance for 1 min also caused no erythema or edema in the animals.
Due to the observed effects after only 15 minutes of exposure a classification into category 2 was considered appropriate for safety reasons.
Eye irritation/corrosion
Key study
The test substance was applied on the eye of rabbits (XVII/112, 1967). A single drop was used that was not washed out afterwards. The eyes showed reddening, increased secretion, clouding of the eye and scar formation on the cornea. After 24 h the cornea, conjunctivae and chemosis scores were 1 for animal 1. For animal 2 the cornea and conjunctivae scores were 2 and the chemosis score was 1 after 24 h. During an 8 day observation period the effects were not reversible.
Supporting study
Rabbit eyes were treated with one drop of test substance and observed 10 min, 1, 3 and 24 h afterwards (VII/97-98, 1958). Exposure to both pure and 40 % test substance led to inflammatory responses and corneal opacity with formation of ulcers and scars. No difference was detected between both concentrations, therefore they were considered equally corrosive to the eye. After 24 h the cornea and conjunctivae scores were 3 for animal 1 and 2 for both pure and 40 % test substance. The effects observed in animal 1 were reversible within 4 weeks for the pure substance and within 14 days for the 40 % test substance. For animal 2 all observed effects were not reversible within 3 weeks after application.
As it can not be assured the effects would have been reversible within 21 days the worst case was assumed and the test substance was classified as corrosive to the eye (Category 1).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Skin irritation/corrosion
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. As a result the substance is considered to be classified for skin irriation in Category 2. H315: Causes skin irritation.
Eye irritation/corrosion
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. As a result the substance is considered to be classified as corrosive to the eye (Category 1). H318: Causes serious eye damage.
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