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Aquatic toxicity: freshwater, short-term


The table below presents an overview of the reliable acute aquatic toxicity data available for the hazard assessment of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide. Concentrations are based on dissolved fraction:


 



























Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata



growth rate



72-h EC50



> 1000 mg/L (dissolved fraction)



Wenzel, 2013



Daphnia magna



mortality 



48-h EC50 



6840 mg/L (dissolved fraction)



Weyand, 2000



Brachydanio rerio



mortality 



96-h LC50 



> 10000 mg/L (dissolved fraction)



Weyand, 2001



 


Invertebrates: The acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 (Weyand, 2000). Daphnids did not become immobilized during the test period of 48 h at tested concentrations up to 4000 mg/L (dissolved fraction at a loading of 4000 mg/L after 24 hours of stirring); the respective 48-h EC50 is 6840 mg/L (based on dissolved fractions after 24 hours of stirring of 5 different loadings ranging from 1,000 - 10,000 mg/L, respectively).


 


Fish: Information on acute fish toxicity is available from a study performed according to OECD Guideline 203. Fish (Danio rerio) were exposed for 96 hours up to 10000 mg/L (dissolved fraction at a loading of 10,000 mg/L after 24 hours of stirring) under static conditions. At all tested loadings, neither behavioral abnormalities nor mortality occurred.


 


Algae: The toxic effects of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide on the growth rate of algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were studied in a state-of-the-art test according to OECD Guideline 201 (Wenzel, 2013). The EC50 value for the 72-h inhibition of growth rate of P. subcapitata is  > 100 mg/L (dissolved fraction at a loading of 1000 mg/L after 7 days of dissolution).


 


Aquatic toxicity: freshwater, long-term


The table below presents an overview of the reliable long-term aquatic toxicity data available for the hazard assessment of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide. Concentrations are based on water accomodated fractions (dissolved fraction at a loading of 100 mg/L after 7 days of dissolution).


 













Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata



growth rate



72-h EC10



> 100 mg/L (dissolved fraction at a loading of 100 mg/L after 7 days of dissolution)



Wenzel, 2013



 


Chronic toxicity data of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide are available for algae. The long-term toxic effects of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide on the growth rate of algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were studied in a GLP-conform test according to OECD Guideline 201 (Wenzel, 2013). The EC10 value for the 72-h inhibition of growth rate of P. subcapitata is  > 100 mg/L (dissolved fraction at a loading of 100 mg/L after 7 days of dissolution).


 


Acute aquatic toxicity data at three trophic levels (algae, daphnia, fish) and from standard toxicity tests indicate a lack of an acute toxic potential of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide in the aquatic environment, i.e. all EC50 values are above 100 mg/L. Chronic toxicity data for algae indicate a lack of a toxicity potential of Zirconium zircon with encapsulated cadmium selenium sulphide in the aquatic environment long-term for this trophic level which may be explained at least in parts with the insolubility of the pigment.