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EC number: 947-360-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From October 24, 2016 to January 12, 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 9439 “Water Quality - Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium - carbon dioxide evolution test (1999).
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 10634 "Water Quality - Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium" (1995).
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Batch No: SEALS 2011-104-06-01; Purity: 96.75 %; Appearance: white solid
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Test system
Source: The source of test organisms was activated sludge freshly obtained from a municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
Treatment: The freshly obtained sludge was kept under continuous aeration for approximately 24 hours, until further treatment. The concentration of suspended solids was determined to be 4.9 g/L in the concentrated sludge. Before use, the sludge was allowed to settle (52 minutes) and the supernatant liquid was used as inoculum at the amount of 10 mL/L of mineral medium.
Reason for selection: The test has been accepted internationally for determining the 'ready' biodegradability of test substances under aerobic conditions.
Test duration: 28 days (last CO2 measurement on day 29). During the test period, the test media were aerated and stirred continuously.
Test vessels: 2 litre brown coloured glass bottles.
Milli-RO water: Tap-water purified by reverse osmosis (Milli-RO) and subsequently passed over activated carbon.
Stock solutions of mineral components:
A)
8.50 g KH2PO4
21.75 g K2HPO4
67.20 g Na2HPO4.12H2O
0.50 g NH4Cl dissolved in Milli-RO water and made up to 1 litre,
pH 7.4 ± 0.2
B) 22.50 g MgSO4.7H2O dissolved in Milli-RO water and made up to 1 litre.
C) 36.40 g CaCl2.2H2O dissolved in Milli-RO water and made up to 1 litre.
D) 0.25 g FeCl3.6H2O dissolved in Milli-RO water and made up to 1 litre.
Mineral medium: 1 litre mineral medium contains: 10 mL of solution (A), 1 mL of solutions (B) to (D) and Milli-RO water.
Barium hydroxide: 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2 (Boom, Meppel, The Netherlands) and freshly prepared 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2 solution (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), both stored in a sealed vessel to prevent absorption of CO2 from the air.
Synthetic air (CO2 < 1 ppm): A mixture of oxygen (ca. 20 %) and nitrogen (ca. 80 %) was passed through a bottle, containing 0.5 - 1 litre 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2 solution to trap CO2 which might be present in small amounts. The synthetic air was sparged through the scrubbing solutions at a rate of approximately 1-2 bubbles per second (ca. 30-100 mL/min).
Illumination: The test media were excluded from light. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 19.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Initial conc.:
- 12 other: mg TOC/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- PREPARATION OF BOTTLES
Pre-incubation medium: The day before the start of the test (day-1) mineral components, Milli-RO water (ca. 80 % of final volume) and inoculum (1 % of final volume) were added to each bottle. This mixture was aerated with synthetic air overnight to purge the system of CO2.
Type and number of bottles
Test suspension: containing test substance and inoculum (2 bottles),
Inoculum blank: containing only inoculum (2 bottles),
Positive control: containing reference substance and inoculum (1 bottle),
Toxicity control: containing test substance, reference substance and inoculum (1 bottle).
Preparation
At the start of the test (day 0), test and reference substance were added to the bottles containing the microbial organisms and mineral components. The volumes of suspensions were made up to 2 litres with Milli-RO water, resulting in the mineral medium described before. Three CO2-absorbers (bottles filled with 100 mL 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2) were connected in series to the exit air line of each test bottle.
Test substance
The test substance was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 1 g/L. A sample of the test subsance was
taken for determination of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of the test subsatnce was determined to be 62.92 %. The test substance was tested in duplicate at a target concentration of 19.5 mg/L, corresponding to 12 mg TOC/L. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test substance.
On the day of testing weighed amounts of the test substance were added to the 2-litres test bottles containing medium with microbial organisms and mineral components (test substance bottle A: 39.6 mg; test substance bottle B: 39.6 mg and toxicity control bottle: 39.3 mg). To this end, 10 mL of Milli-RO water was added to each weighing bottle containing the test substance. After vigorous mixing (vortex) the resulting suspension was added quantitatively to the test medium. The
test solutions were continuously stirred during the test, to ensure optimal contact between the test substance and the test organisms.
Reference substance:
A solution of sodium acetate was prepared by dissolving 401.2 mg in Milli-RO water and making this up to a total volume of 100 mL. Volumes of 20 mL from this stock solution were added to 2 litres of the test medium of the positive control bottle and the toxicity control bottle, resulting in a final concentration of 40 mg sodium acetate per litre (12 mg TOC/L).
DETERMINATION OF CO2
Experimental CO2 production:
The CO2 produced in each test bottle reacted with the barium hydroxide in the gas scrubbing bottle and precipitated out as barium carbonate. The amount of CO2 produced was determined by titrating the remaining Ba(OH)2 with 0.05 M standardized HCl (1:20 dilution from 1 M HCl (Titrisol® ampoule), Merck, Germany).
Measurements:
- Titrations were made every second or third day during the first 10 days, and thereafter at least every fifth day until day 28, for the inoculum blank and test suspension. Titrations for the positive and toxicity control were made over a period of at least 14 days.
- Each time the CO2-absorber nearest to the test bottle was removed for titration; each of the remaining two absorbers was moved one position in the direction of the test bottle. A new CO2-absorber was placed at the far end of the series. Phenolphthalein (1 % solution in ethanol, Merck) was used as pH-indicator.
- On day 28, the pH of all test suspensions was measured and 1 mL of concentrated HCl (37%, Merck) was added to the bottles of the inoculum blank and test suspension. The bottles were aerated overnight to drive off CO2 present in the test suspension. The final titration was made on day 29.
- Theoretical CO2 production: The theoretical CO2 production was calculated from the results of the TOC-analysis. - Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 38 - 40
- Sampling time:
- 29 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: not readily biodegradable
- Details on results:
- Theoretical CO2 production:
- The ThCO2 of the test substance was calculated to be 2.31 mg CO2/mg.
- The ThCO2 of sodium acetate was calculated to be 1.07 mg CO2/mg.
Biodegradation:
- The relative biodegradation values calculated from the measurements performed during the test period revealed 38 % and 40 % biodegradation of the test substance (based on ThCO2), for the duplicate bottles tested. Thus, the criterion for ready biodegradability (at least 60 % biodegradation within a 10-day window) was not met.
- In the toxicity control, more than 25 % biodegradation occurred within 14 days (39 %, based on ThCO2). Therefore, the test substance was assumed not to inhibit microbial activity. Functioning of the test system was checked by testing the reference substance sodium acetate, which showed a normal biodegradation curve.
Monitoring of temperature and pH:
The temperature recorded in a vessel with water in the same room varied between: 21.8 and 22.9°C.
pH:
The test substance:
(A) In the begining of experiment: 7.6, in the end: 7.4
(B) In the begining of experiment: 7.6, in the end: 7.5 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the test substance was considered to be not readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the ready biodegradability of the test substance, mono- and di- C12-18 PSE, Na+, according to OECD Guideline 301B (CO2 evolution test), EU Method C.4 - C, ISO 9439 and ISO 10634, in compliance with GLP. The study was performed in order to evaluate an aerobic biodegradation potential of the test substance in aqueous medium with microbial activity introduced by inoculation with the supernatant of activated domestic sludge. The test substance was a white solid, with a purity of 96.75% and was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of the test substance was determined to be 62.92%. Based on the TOC content the ThCO2 of the test substance was calculated to be 2.31 mg CO2/mg. The test substance was tested in duplicate at a target concentration of 19.5 mg/L, corresponding to 12 mg TOC/L. The study consisted of six bottles: 2 inoculum blanks, 2 test bottles containing test substance, 1 positive control with sodium acetate and 1 toxicity control containing both test substance and sodium acetate. Weighed amounts were added to the 2-litres test bottles holding medium with microbial organisms and mineral components. The following amounts of the test substance were added: bottle A 39.6 mg; bottle B: 39.6 mg and toxicity control bottle: 39.3 mg. To this end, 10 mL of Milli-RO water was added to each weighing bottle containing the test substance. After vigorous mixing (vortex) the resulting suspension was added quantitatively to the test medium. The test solutions were continuously stirred during the test to ensure optimal contact between the test substance and test medium. Test duration was 28 days (last CO2-measurement on day 29). The relative biodegradation values calculated from the measurements performed during the test period revealed 38% and 40% biodegradation of the test substance (based on ThCO2), for the duplicate bottles tested. In the toxicity control, the test substance was found not to inhibit microbial activity. Since all criteria for acceptability of the test were met, this study was considered to be valid. Under the study conditions, as the criterion for ready biodegradability of at least 60 % biodegradation within a 10-day window was not met, the test substance was designated as not readily biodegradable (Desmares-Koopmans, 2017).
Reference
ThCO2, expressed as mg CO2/mg test substance, was calculated from the results of carbon analysis.
The first step in calculating the amount of CO2 produced is to correct for background (endogenous) CO2 production. Thus the amount of CO2 produced by a test item is determined by the difference (in mL of titrant) between the experimental and blank Ba(OH)2 traps.
The amount of 0.05 N HCl titrated is converted into mg of CO2 produced:
mg CO₂ = (0.05 × Δ mL HCl titrated × 44) /2 = 1.1 × Δ mL HCl titrated
Description of key information
The test substance was found to be not readily biodegradable in the CO2 evolution test.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the ready biodegradability of the test substance, mono- and di- C12-18 PSE, Na+, according to OECD Guideline 301B (CO2 evolution test), EU Method C.4 - C, ISO 9439 and ISO 10634, in compliance with GLP. The study was performed in order to evaluate an aerobic biodegradation potential of the test substance in aqueous medium with microbial activity introduced by inoculation with the supernatant of activated domestic sludge. The test substance was a white solid, with a purity of 96.75 % and was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of the test substance was determined to be 62.92 %. Based on the TOC content the ThCO2 of the test substance was calculated to be 2.31 mg CO2/mg. The test substance was tested in duplicate at a target concentration of 19.5 mg/L, corresponding to 12 mg TOC/L. The study consisted of six bottles: 2 inoculum blanks, 2 test bottles containing test substance, 1 positive control with sodium acetate and 1 toxicity control containing both test substance and sodium acetate. Weighed amounts were added to the 2-litres test bottles holding medium with microbial organisms and mineral components. The following amounts of the test substance were added: bottle A 39.6 mg; bottle B: 39.6 mg and toxicity control bottle: 39.3 mg. To this end, 10 mL of Milli-RO water was added to each weighing bottle containing the test substance. After vigorous mixing (vortex) the resulting suspension was added quantitatively to the test medium. The test solutions were continuously stirred during the test to ensure optimal contact between the test substance and test medium. Test duration was 28 days (last CO2-measurement on day 29). The relative biodegradation values calculated from the measurements performed during the test period revealed 38% and 40% biodegradation of the test substance (based on ThCO2), for the duplicate bottles tested. In the toxicity control, the test substance was found not to inhibit microbial activity. Since all criteria for acceptability of the test were met, this study was considered to be valid. Under the study conditions, as the criterion for ready biodegradability of at least 60 % biodegradation within a 10-day window was not met, the test substance was designated as not readily biodegradable (Desmares-Koopmans, 2017).
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